So nsakrae bi aba wo honam ani fã a ɛwɔ wo honam ani? So ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma yɛn ani da hɔ wɔ ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram ho?

So wo barima no honam ani hwɛbea asesa kɔla? Anaasɛ woahyɛ biribi te sɛ akisikuru ketewaa anaa akuru bi nsow? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyinom betumi ayɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛnyɛ den, nanso ebetumi ayɛ biribi a anibere wom te sɛ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne nso . Enti, eye sɛ wubehu nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ na wommɔ hu. Ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram ho asɛm, a ɛnyɛ den te sɛ nea yɛne w’adamfo bɛkasa.

Dɛn ne ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram ne bere a nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a ɛwɔ wo barima no mu sesa na efi ase nyin a wuntumi nni so. Sɛnea wunim no, ɔbarima akyi berɛmo yɛ ɔbarima awo nhyehyɛe no fã titiriw. Ɛhɔ na nsuo pue na nna kɔ so. Afã atitiriw pii wɔ ɔbarima no akyi:

• Shaft: Eyi ne ɔfã a ɛte sɛ poma a efi wo yafunu ase kosi wo barima no ano.
• Glans penis (anaasɛ ti): Eyi ne ɔbarima no ano.
• Foreskin: Sɛ woantwa twetia a, eyi ne were a ɛkata glans penis no so. Sɛ wotwa wo twetia a, glans penis no da adi.

Kokoram betumi anya ɔbarima no akyi baabiara, nanso ɛtaa fi ase wɔ akyi berɛmo no akyi anaa awotwaa (wɔ mmarima a wontwaa twetia mu) .

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ, te sɛ kokoram afoforo no, sɛ wohu ntɛm a, ɛda adi sɛ wɔbɛsa ɔbarima akyi kokoram na wɔasa . Sɛ wuhu biribi a ɛyɛ soronko anaa ɛsono a, mma w’ani nnwu anaa nsuro sɛ wobɛka akyerɛ oduruyɛfo ntɛm ara. Sɛ wohu no ntɛm a, ɛno ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so agye obi nkwa.

Dɛn ne ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram ahorow?

Kokoram ahorow pii wɔ ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛtaa ba no nnidiso nnidiso sɛnea ɛte:

• Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): Eyi ne nea abu so sen biara (95%) . Ɛkɔ so wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ honam ani fã a ɛwɔ akyi paa (epithelium) no mu.
• Melanoma: Eyi fi ase wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛma wo honam ani kɔla (melanocytes) no mu. Melanoma yɛ kokoram a ano yɛ den kɛse na ɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm .
• Basal cell carcinoma (BCC): Eyi ba nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ honam ani fã a ɛwɔ ase (epithelium) no mu. BCC yɛ kokoram a ɛkɔ so brɛoo .
• Adenocarcinoma: Eyi fi ase wɔ ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛma nneɛma te sɛ fifiri ne nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ ba no mu.
• Urothelial carcinoma: Eyi ba ntini (urothelium) a ɛyɛ wo nsu a ɛkɔ wo nsu mu no afã horow te sɛ wo akisikuru ne w’asaabo no mu.
• Sarcoma: Eyi ba ntini anaa ntini a ɛka bom no mu. Eyi yɛ kokoram a ɛba ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu a ɛntaa nsi koraa .

Kokoram a ɛwɔ ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu abu so dɛn?

Nokwarem no, sɛ wɔde toto aman te sɛ United States ho a, ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram yɛ kokoram a ɛntaa nsi koraa.(Ennu kokoram 1% wɔ mmarima mu.) Nanso, ɛtaa ba mmeae te sɛ Afrika, Asia, ne Amerika Kesee Fam.

Dɛn ne ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Ɛnyɛ kokoram nyinaa na ɛwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wotumi hu. Nanso sɛ wowɔ ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram a, mpɛn pii no wubehu nsakrae bi wɔ wo barima no hwɛbea mu. Ebia honam ani kɔla bɛsesa, anaasɛ akisikuru bi betumi apue.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram ni:

• Akuru anaa akuru a ɛnyɛ yaw (ebia mogya retu).
• Nnua a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛyɛ bruu-biribiri.
• Nsu bi a ɛyɛ huam fi awotwaa no ase.
• Ɛda adi sɛ akisikuru .
• Wora a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ honam ani kɔla a ɛsakra.
• Nsõ nketewa a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa.
• Titiriw no, glans penis no ahonhon na ɛho ayɛ hyew (a wɔsan frɛ no balanitis ).

Nanso kae sɛ, ɔyare mmoawa a wɔtaa nya anaasɛ nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw nso betumi de saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi aba. Nanso mmu w'ani ngu wɔn so da . Nyansa wom sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm na woagye atom. Afei, sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram mpo a, wobetumi akyere no ntɛm.

Dɛn na ɛde ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram ba?

Kokoram ba bere a nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw sesa na wofi ase dɔɔso a wontumi nni so no. Nanso nhwehwɛmufo da so ara nnim nea ɛma nsakrae yi fi ase ankasa .

Ɛwom sɛ wonhuu nea ɛde ba ankasa de, nanso wɔahu asiane ahorow pii a ebetumi anya eyi so nkɛntɛnso.

Nneɛma a ɛde asiane ba

Asiane bi nkyerɛ sɛ ɛde kokoram bɛba, nanso ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebetumi ama hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram no ayɛ kɛse . Momma yɛnhwɛ nea asiane ahorow a ɛma obi nya kokoram wɔ ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu yi yɛ:

• Bɛboro mfeɛ 55: mmarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram a wɔbɔɔ ho amanneɛ wɔ United States no mu 80% wɔ saa mfeɛ kuo yi mu.
• Twetia a wontwa: Twetiatwa yi ɔbarima no anim were no fi hɔ, na ɛma glans penis no da adi. Wosusuw sɛ nneɛma a ɛde kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu ba no pii fa awotwaa a ɛwɔ hɔ no ho.
• HPV (Human Papillomavirus) yare mmoawa: Wɔahu HPV mmoawa koro no ara a ɛde awotwaa mu kokoram ba a asiane kɛse wom nso wɔ mmarima a wɔwɔ akyi berɛmo mu kokoram mu.
• HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) yareɛ: Ɛwom sɛ wɔnnim nea ɛde ba ankasa de, nanso mmarima a wɔanya HIV no mu kokoram wɔ ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu.
• Lichen Sclerosus (LS): Eyi yɛ ɔyare a ɛma obi ho hyehye no a ebetumi ama ayɛ yaw, ayɛ no yaw, na ayɛ glans penis anaa foreskin no ho hyew.
• Phimosis: Wɔ tebea yi mu no, anim were no mu yɛ den na wontumi nsan glans penis no.
• Ahotew a enye: Sɛ wɔanhohoro ɔbarima akyi berɛmo no daa na wɔanhohoro no yiye a, smegma betumi aba .Wobetumi de nea wɔfrɛ no aka ho. Ɔfe ne ɔfe a eyi de ba no betumi ama kokoram ho asiane no ayɛ kɛse. (Sembryony yɛ ade fitaa a ngo, honam ani nkwammoaa a awuwu, ne nsu a ɛboaboa ano wɔ awotwaa no ase na ɛyɛ.)
• PUVA ayaresa: PUVA gyina hɔ ma "Psoralen ne Ultraviolet A photochemotherapy." Eyi yɛ mframa a wɔde sa honam ani yare a wɔfrɛ no psoriasis .
• Tawa a wɔde di dwuma: Sigaretnom ne tawa a wɔwe no brɛ tumi a nipadua no wɔ sɛ ɛbɛko atia ɔyare mmoawa no ase. Eyi ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram no yɛ kɛse. Nneɛma a ɛwɔ tawa mu no tumi sɛe nkwammoaa na ɛde nsakrae a ebetumi ama obi anya kokoram aba.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya kokoram wɔ ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, obetumi ayɛ nea edidi so yi:

• Nipadua mu Nhwehwɛmu: Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo na wahwɛ sɛ honam ani nsakrae, akuru, anaa kɔla a ɛsakra wɔ wo barima no so a ɛyɛ soronko anaa. Obebisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, wo suban, ne w’ayaresa tebea horow a atwam nso ho asɛm.
• Mfoniniyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu: Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi na ama wɔahu sɛ kokoram no atrɛw anaa. Ɛdenam kokoram ko so no, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ CT scan, MRI scan, ultrasound, PET scan, anaa koko X-ray .
• Tissue biopsy: Eyi nkutoo ne ɔkwan a wobɛfa so asi so dua sɛ ebia wowɔ kokoram anaa. Wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo no fa nkwammoaa anaa ntini a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ bi, na ɔyare ho ɔbenfo bi de afiri ketewaa bi hwehwɛ nkwammoaa no mu hwɛ sɛ ebia kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ anaa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram?

Ayaresa no gyina akisikuru no kɛse, sɛ ebia atrɛw, ne sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ kokoram no bɛsan aba (asan aba bio) so. Ebia w’ayaresa no bɛfa nnuruyɛfo kuw bi a wo duruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ wo titiriw (PCP), kokoram ho ɔbenfo (kokoram ho ɔbenfo), ntini mu yare ho ɔbenfo, kokoram ho ɔyaresafo a ɔhwɛ mframa a ano yɛ den so, ne honam ani yare ho ɔbenfo ka ho.

Wɔ kokoram a edi kan ho no, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo ayaresa yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa akyerɛ:

• Twetiatwa: Sɛ kokoram no wɔ awotwaa mu nkutoo a, wobetumi ayi saa ntini no afi hɔ.
• Cryotherapy: Ɔkwan a wɔfa so sɛe akisikuru no denam awɔw a ano yɛ den so.
• Twitwa: Oduruyɛfo no twa kokoram nkwammoaa anaa akisikuru no fi ɔbarima no akyi.
• Laser ablation: Wɔde laser mframa di dwuma de ma ɔhyew a ano yɛ den ba na ɛsɛe akisikuru no.
• Nnuru a wɔde yɛ aduru: Eyinom yɛ nnuru a ɛsɛ sɛ wode gu ɔbarima no akyi daa. Nnuru a wɔtaa de di dwuma ne fluorouracil ne imiquimod .
• Mohs oprehyɛn a wɔyɛe:Wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo no yi honam ani kokoram no fi hɔ ntoatoaso, kosi sɛ obedu ntini a ɛte apɔw a ɛwɔ ase no ho.
• Mframa a wɔde sa yare: Oduruyɛfo no betumi de mframa a ano yɛ den te sɛ X-ray asɛe kokoram nkwammoaa anaasɛ atew akisikuru no so ansa na wɔayɛ no oprehyɛn.

Sɛ kokoram no atrɛw kakra a, oduruyɛfo no betumi akamfo nea edidi so yi akyerɛ:

• Lymphadenectomy: Sɛ kokoram no atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛma mogya tu no mu (a mpɛn pii no ɛwɔ asen no mu) a, oduruyɛfo no betumi ayi afi hɔ.
• Penectomy: Wɔ penectomy fã bi mu no, woyi penis no fã bi. Wɔ total penectomy , mu no, woyi ɔbarima no akyi berɛmo no nyinaa. Sɛ woyi ɔbarima no akyi berɛmo no nyinaa a, oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no bɛma woabue wɔ wo yafunu mu anaa baabi a ɛda wo akyi berɛmo ne wo akyi berɛmo (akyi berɛmo) ntam sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi atoto wo ho.

Oduruyɛfo no betumi de mframa a wɔde sa yare, nnuru a wɔde sa yare , anaa n’abien nyinaa adi dwuma ansa na wɔayɛ no oprehyɛn anaa bere a wɔayɛ no oprehyɛn akyi.

Sɛ kokoram no atrɛw akɔ akyiri sen wo yafunu a, nnuru anaa nnuru afoforo (nhyehyɛe mu ayaresa) ne ayaresa titiriw.

Sɛ eyi te saa a, dɛn na metumi ahwɛ kwan?

Wo ho a wobɛsan anya ne ayaresa nhyehyɛe no gyina nneɛma yi so:

• Kokoram no fã bi.
• Beae a akisikuru no wɔ ne ne kɛse.
• Sɛ́ ebia wɔahu kokoram no foforo anaasɛ asan aba bio.

Susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ wohu kokoram ntɛm a, hokwan kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛsa no na wɔasa no yare . Sɛ wohu akyiri a, ɛwɔ hokwan kɛse sɛ ɛbɛtrɛw akɔ akyiri asen ɔbarima no akyi. Saa bere no, ɛbɛyɛ den kɛse sɛ wɔbɛsa ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya kokoram wɔ ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu no so?

Susuw nneɛma yi ho na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram no so atew:

• Mfa tawa ho nneɛma nni dwuma.
• Nya HPV aduru no.
• Nya phimosis ho ayaresa .
• Kura penile akwahosan pa mu (ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wobɛhohoro ho yiye da biara da).
• Fa nna a ahobammɔ wom di dwuma na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya HPV no so atew.
• Susuw mfaso a ɛwɔ twetiatwa so ho. Ɛsɛ sɛ wususuw aduruyɛ mu mfaso a ɛwɔ twetiatwa so, ne nneɛma te sɛ nyamesom mu gyidi ahorow, amammerɛ mu nneɛma a wɔpɛ, ne nea w’ankasa pɛ ho. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa na si nea eye sen biara ma wo anaa wo ba a wɔawo no foforo no ho gyinae.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa sɛnea wo kokoram a wubehu ne ayaresa nhyehyɛe no bɛka wo da biara da asetra ho. Kokoram ayaresa pii kora ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu ntini so. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wosa wo yare wie a, wo barima no bɛsa na ayɛ sɛnea na ɛte kan no, anaasɛ ɛte sɛ nea ɛte saa ara. Wubetumi ato wo ho bere a wugyina hɔ no. Wobɛtumi ada, ada, na mpo woanya nna mu ɔbrasɛeɛ.

Nanso, oprehyɛn a wɔbɛyɛ de ayi ɔbarima no fã bi anaa ne nyinaa betumi asakra ɔkwan a wofa so tow nsu ne wo nna mu osuahu.

Penile cancer ne n’ayaresa betumi aka wo wɔ akwan pii so. Sɛ wuhu nea ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan a, ebetumi aboa wo ma woasiesie wo ho ama tebea horow. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa pefee wɔ nneɛma biara a ɛhaw wo ho.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ me duruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wunya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne foforo, sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no sesa, anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɛse a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara. Obetumi aboa ma wɔahu sɛ ebia nea ɛde ba no yɛ kokoram anaa.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wowɔ ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram a, nsɛm bi a wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo ni:

• Mpɛn bɛn na me kokoram no wɔ?
• Wususuw sɛ ɛyɛ adwene pa sɛ wubenya adwene a ɛto so abien?
• Ayaresa bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
• Mfaso/asiane bɛn na ebetumi aba wɔ saa ayaresa yi ho?
• Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ kwan wɔ bere a me ho bɛtɔ me no mu?
• Nsakrae bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ kwan wɔ m’asetra kwan mu bere a wɔasa me yare awie no?
• Nnuruyɛfo atitiriw bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ wɔn nkyɛn kɔhwɛ wɔn yare?
• Hokwan bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ me kokoram no bɛsan aba bere a wɔasa me yare awie no?

Awiei koraa no, kae eyi (Take-Home Message) .

Sɛ wohu sɛ ɔwɔ ɔbarima akyi berɛmo mu kokoram a, ebetumi asakra n’asetra. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte nkate ne adwenem naayɛ pii nka prɛko pɛ. Ɛho hia sɛ wohwɛ wo ho na wommɔ hu saa bere yi. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa. Obetumi asusuw ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ho, ne baabi a wubetumi anya mmoa a mfaso wɔ so ne nkate fam a wuhia no nso ho asɛm. Gye w’aduruyɛfo kuw ne w’adɔfo di. Kae sɛ ɛnyɛ wo nkutoo na wowɔ saa ɔko yi mu.

` Penile Cancer, Mmarima Akwahosan, Kokoram Nsɛnkyerɛnne, Kokoram Ayaresa, HPV, Twetiatwa