So worehyia ɔhaw wɔ w’ahurututu ho? Momma yɛnka ahurututu mu yare ho asɛm.

So wo nso worehu amane wɔ wo koko mu yaw, wotaa ɔfe, ne atiridiinini nnansa yi? Ɛtɔ da bi a, yesusuw sɛ eyinom yɛ atiridii anaa atiridiinini a ano nyɛ den ara kwa, nanso ebetumi ayɛ biribi a anibere wom kɛse. Ɛnnɛ, yɛrebɛka yareɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no ahurututu mu yareɛ a ɛka yɛn ahurututu ho asɛm. Mma ɛnhaw wo, sɛ wɔbɔ yɛn amanneɛ yiye wɔ eyi ho a, yebetumi abɔ yɛn ho ban kɛse na sɛ ɛba a, yɛasan anya ahoɔden ntɛm.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu yare? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ahurututu mu yare yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛba w’ahurututu mu . Mmoawa , mmoawa , anaasɛ ɛntaa nsi koraa no , fungi betumi de ɔyare mmoawa yi aba. Saa ɔyare mmoawa yi ma w’ahurututu mu ntini hohoro, anaasɛ ɛyɛ hyew . Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nsu anaa akisikuru tumi hyɛ ahurututu no ma.

Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba no mu yɛ den sen ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba. Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba no ankasa fi hɔ. Ahurututu mu yare betumi aka ahurututu biako pɛ, anaasɛ ebetumi aka ahurututu abien no nyinaa. Sɛ ɛka ahurututu abien no nyinaa a, wɔfrɛ no ahurututu mu yare a ɛwɔ afã abien anaa abien .

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda ahurututu mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa ne ɔyare mmoawa de ba ntam?

Afei ebia woresusuw nsonsonoe a ɛda abien no ntam no ho. Nokwarem no, ahurututu mu yare nyinaa fa ɔyare mmoawa ne ahurututu mu ahohoro ho. Nanso, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no betumi ayɛ soronko kakra a egyina ɔyare mmoawa (mmoawa, mmoawa, anaa ntontom) ko a ɛde bae no so.

Ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba ne ahurututu mu yare a abu so sen biara, na ebetumi ayɛ kɛse koraa. Ebia ebehia mpo sɛ wɔde obi bɛkɔ ayaresabea. Nnuruyɛfo de nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa sa no .

Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba no de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛte sɛ atiridii ba. Mpɛn pii no, ɛgyae a wɔmfa ayaresa pɔtee biara nka ho.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu yare ahorow atitiriw?

Yɛkyekyɛ ahurututu mu yare mu denam ɔyare mmoawa a ɛde bae (i.e. mmoawa, mmoawa anaa fungus) ne sɛnea wunyae no so. Ɛne sɛ, sɛ́ ebia wunya fii mpɔtam hɔ, ayaresabea, anaa bere a wowɔ mframa a wɔde ma mu no.

1. Ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi mpɔtam hɔ (CAP) .

Sɛ wunya ahurututu mu yare wɔ mpɔtam hɔ, te sɛ fie anaa adwumam, sen sɛ wobɛkɔ ayaresabea anaa akwahosan ho adwumayɛbea a, wɔfrɛ no ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi mpɔtam hɔ (CAP) . Eyi betumi afi:

• Mmoawa: Nea ɛtaa de ba ne ɔyare mmoawa bi a wɔfrɛ no Streptococcus pneumoniae . Eyi nso betumi ama aso mu yare, sinus mu yare, ne meningitis aba.Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa Mycoplasma pneumoniae de ba no nyɛ kɛse. Ebetumi nso afi mmoawa te sɛ Haemophilus influenzae , Chlamydia pneumoniae , ne Legionella (wɔfrɛ yare a eyi de ba no Legionnaires yare) na ɛde aba.
• Mmoawa: Ɛtɔ da bi a, mmoawa te sɛ atiridiinini, influensa , COVID-19, ne respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) tumi de ahurututu mu yare ba.
• Fungi/nkuku: Nwansena te sɛ Cryptococcus , Pneumocystis jirovecii , ne Coccidioides ntaa mma ahurututu mu yare. Nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw no taa wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya ahurututu mu yare esiane fungi nti.
• Protozoa: Ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ protozoa te sɛ Toxoplasma nso betumi de ahurututu mu yare aba.

2. Ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi ayaresabea (HAP) .

Sɛ wunya ahurututu mu yare bere a wowɔ ayaresabea ma yare foforo anaa oprehyɛn foforo a, wɔfrɛ no ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi ayaresabea (HAP) . Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ aniberesɛm kakra sen ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi mpɔtam hɔ. Eyi te saa efisɛ mpɛn pii no, mmoawa a nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ntumi wɔn na ɛde ba. Sɛ nhwɛso no , Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) a ɛko tia methicillin . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ HAP betumi ama woayare na ayɛ den sɛ wobɛsa.

3. Ahurututu mu yare a ɛbata akwahosan ho (HCAP) .

Saa ahurututu mu yare yi betumi aba wɔ mmeae a wɔhwɛ ayarefo bere tenten, te sɛ nkwakoraa ne mmerewa afie, anaa ayaresabea ahorow a wɔhwɛ ayarefo bere tenten. Te sɛ ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi ayaresabea no, mpɛn pii no, mmoawa a nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ntumi wɔn na ɛde ba.

4. Ahurututu mu yare a ɛbata mframa a wɔde ma (VAP) .

Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wode afiri a wɔde home di dwuma de boa wo ma wohome wɔ ayaresabea (mpɛn pii no wɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔyare denneennen (ICU) a, wowɔ asiane mu sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu yare yi a wɔfrɛ no VAP . Ebetumi afi mmoawa a wɔde ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi mpɔtam hɔ ba, ne mmoawa a wɔko tia nnuru a wɔde kum ɔyare mmoawa a wɔde ahurututu mu yare a wonya fi ayaresabea ba nso na ɛde aba.

5. Aspiration ahurututu mu yare

Sɛ biribi te sɛ aduan, nsu, nnompe, anaa ɔfe kɔ wo mframa mu na ɛkɔ w’ahurututu mu, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ ɛkyere wo menewam (aspiration) , na wuntumi nkɔfe a, wubetumi anya ahurututu mu yare. Eyi te saa efisɛDɛn ne aspiration pneumonia?

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ mewɔ ahurututu mu yare, atiridiinini a ɛtaa ba, anaa atiridii?

Ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ yebehu nsonsonoe a ɛda atiridii, atiridii, ne ahurututu mu yare ntam. Oduruyɛfo nkutoo na obetumi akyerɛ wo nea wowɔ no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ahurututu mu yare betumi ayɛ yare a ɛde wo nkwa to asiane mu, enti sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den yi bi a, ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea :

• Koko a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ ɛyaw.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Atiridiinini a ɛyɛ digrii Celsius 38.88 (digrii Fahrenheit 102) anaa nea ɛboro saa.
• Nsu a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono, anaa mogya a ɛtɔ gu nipadua no mu.

Kae sɛ, sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse sɛ obenya ahurututu mu yare?

Wowɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu yare sɛ :

• Sɛ woadi boro mfe 65 anaa wunnii mfe 2 a.
• Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare (sɛ nhwɛso no, cystic fibrosis , ayamtu , ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea ( COPD), emphysema , ahurututu mu ntini mu yare , sarcoidosis ) anaa komayare a.
• Sɛ wowɔ ntini mu yare bi a ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene (e.g. adwenemhaw , Parkinson yare , ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase ). Saa nkurɔfo yi wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya ahurututu mu yare a wɔfrɛ no aspiration pneumonia .
• Sɛ wowɔ ayaresabea anaa baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn bere tenten a.
• Sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔnom sigaret a.
• Sɛ woanyinsɛn a.
• Sɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw (sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ worenya nnuru a wɔde sa wo yare , wɔde wo akwaa foforo, wowɔ HIV/AIDS , anaasɛ worenom nnuru a esiw nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ano a).

Ahurututu mu yare abu so dɛn?

Obiara betumi anya ahurututu mu yare. Ɛyɛ yareɛ a ɛtaa ba paa. Wɔ United States nkutoo no, afe biara nnipa ɔpepem pii nya ahurututu mu yare. Na, nnipa bɛyɛ 55,000 na ahurututu mu yare wuwu afe biara wɔ United States. Ahurututu mu yare ne ade titiriw a ɛde owu ba wɔ aman a afei na wɔrenya nkɔso mu.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Ɛsono ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a egyina nea ɛde ba no so. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no betumi afi nea emu nyɛ den so kosi nea emu yɛ den so. Nkokoaa, mmofra nkumaa, ne wɔn a wɔn mfe akɔ anim betumi ada yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow adi.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ahurututu mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa de ba

Ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi aba nkakrankakra anaasɛ mpofirim. Nea ɛka ho ne:

• Atiridiinini a ano yɛ den (ɛkɔ soro digrii Celsius 40.55 anaa digrii Fahrenheit 105).
• Fefe a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono, anaa mogyatɔw .
• Ɔbrɛ.
• Ahome a wɔhome ntɛmntɛm.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm.
• Fifiri anaasɛ awɔw a wɔte nka.
• Koko ne/anaa yafunu mu yaw, titiriw bere a ɔrefefe anaa ɔrehome denneennen no.
• Aduan no nyɛ dɛ.
• Honam ani, anofafa, anaa nsateaa nnadewa a ɛsakra bruu (Cyanosis) .
• Adwene mu basaayɛ anaa nsakrae a ɛba wɔ adwene mu tebea mu.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ahurututu mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa de ba

Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa de ba ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba nkakrankakra wɔ nna pii mu. Ebia wubenya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba no, anaasɛ ebia wowɔ:

• Ɔfe a ɛyɛ dry.
• Tipaeɛ .
• Ntini mu yaw.
• Ɔbrɛ anaa mmerɛwyɛ a emu yɛ den.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ahurututu mu yare wɔ mmofra nkumaa mu

Ebia nkokoaa ne mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo renkyerɛ ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara, anaasɛ wɔn sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ mpanyimfo de ho. Eyinom bi ne:

• Atiridiinini, atiridiinini, ɔhaw a ɛba obiara so, fifiri/honam ani kɔkɔɔ.
• Ɛwa.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ ɔhome ntɛmntɛm (Tachypnea) .
• Aduan no nyɛ dɛ.
• Ɔfe a wɔfe.
• Ahoɔden a wonni.
• Ahomegye a enni hɔ anaasɛ su a wɔtaa su.

Ebia wubehu nneɛma a ɛte sɛɛ wɔ nkokoaa ne mmofra nkumaa mu:

• Nnyigyei a ɛyɛ hu anaa ahurututu bere a wɔrehome no.
• Nsu a wɔtow so tew anaasɛ mpaboa a ɛyɛ nsu kakraa bi.
• Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Nipadua a nkwa nnim.
• Su a wosu sen sɛnea wɔtaa yɛ.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛnom nufusu.

Ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne wɔ nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 65 mu

Ebia nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 65 anaa wɔn a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw no benya ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu nyɛ den anaasɛ kakraa bi (te sɛ ɔfe ne ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa). Ebia wobenya akwahosan tebea horow a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a enye koraa nso. Ebia nnipa a wɔn mfe akɔ anim behyia:

• Nsakrae a ɛba mpofirim wɔ adwene tebea mu.
• Aduan no nyɛ dɛ.
• Brɛ.

Dɛn na ɛde ahurututu mu yare ba?

Ahurututu mu yare ba bere a wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ko tia ɔyare mmoawa bi a akɔhyɛn mframa kotoku nketenkete (alveoli) a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu no. Eyi ma w’ahurututu mu hohoro na nsu fi ase pue.

Mmoawa, mmoawa, ne fungi ahorow pii betumi de ahurututu mu yare aba. Mmoawa na wɔtaa de ahurututu mu yare ba mpanyimfo mu, na mmoawa na wɔtaa de ahurututu mu yare ba mmofra a wɔadu sukuu mfe so. Nyarewa bi a ɛtaa ba a ebetumi ama obi anya ahurututu mu yare no bi ne:

• Atiridiinini a ɛtaa ba (Rhinovirus) .
• Covid-19 (SARS-COV-2) .
• Atiridii (Influenza mmoawa) .
• Nnipa metapneumovirus (HMPV) .
• Nnipa parainfluenza mmoawa (HPIV) .
• Asraafo dɔm yare .
• Mycoplasma ahurututu mu yare mmoawa.
• Pneumococcal yare a ɛma obi nya ahurututu mu yare(Ahurututu mu yare) .
• Pneumocystis ahurututu mu yare.
• Ɔhome mu syncytial mmoawa (RSV) .

So ahurututu mu yare tumi de yare mmoawa ba?

Ahurututu mu yare nyɛ nea ɛde ɔyare ba ankasa. Nanso, mmoawa ne mmoawa a wɔde ba no yɛ nea wɔde yare mmoawa . Sɛ nhwɛso no, atiridii no tumi kɔ nnipa mu, na saa atiridii no nso tumi de ahurututu mu yare ba. Nanso, ɛnyɛ obiara a onya atiridiinini no na onya ahurututu mu yare.

Nea ɛtaa de ahurututu mu yare ba , Streptococcus pneumoniae , betumi atrɛw afi onipa biako mu akɔ foforo mu denam baabi a ɔyare no wɔ a wɔde bɛka ho anaasɛ ɛnam nsu a ɛtɔ bere a obi a ɔwɔ ɔyare no kɔfe anaa ɔfefe no so.

Fungal ahurututu mu yare nyɛ nea wɔde yare mmoawa ba. Nea ɛnte sɛ fungal yare mmoawa, mmoawa, ne mmoawa no, ɛntrɛw mfi onipa so nkɔ onipa so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu ahurututu mu yare?

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na oduruyɛfo bi ahu ahurututu mu yare no, obebisa w’akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm na wayɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Ɔde afiri a wɔde tie asɛm betie w'ahurututu . Nea ɛka ho no, wobetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ afoforo anaa wɔahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ. Ebia eyinom bi ne mfoniniyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu te sɛ wo koko X-ray , wo oxygen dodow a wode pulse oximetry (a wɔde susuw oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu) , mogya mu nhwehwɛmu, anaa ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu .

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ wo duruyɛfo si so dua sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare mpo a, ebia wɔrentumi nhu nea ɛde ba ankasa.

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔde hu ahurututu mu yare?

Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu de ahwɛ w’ahurututu mu sɛ ebia ɔyare no bi wɔ hɔ anaa, asusuw sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye, na wahwehwɛ mogya anaa nipadua mu nsu afoforo mu de ahu nea ɛde wo ahurututu mu yare no ba, te sɛ:

• Mfoninitwa: Wobetumi de koko X-ray anaa CT scan atwa w’ahurututu ho mfonini na wɔahwehwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ woanya ɔyare mmoawa.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu betumi aboa ma woahu ɔyare mmoawa ko a ɛde wo ahurututu mu yare no reba.
• Sputum test: Wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa ɔfe na fa nsuo bi gu ade mu. Wɔde bɛkɔ lab bi akɔhwɛ sɛ ebia ɔyare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ anaa na wɔahu nea ɛde ba.
• Pulse oximetry: Saa nhwehwɛmu yi susuw oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu na ebetumi ama wo duruyɛfo ahu sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Pleural fluid culture: Wo duruyɛfo de ade teateaa bi fa nsu a atwa w’ahurututu ho ahyia no kakraa bi. Wɔde nhwɛsode no kɔ adwumayɛbea bi a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu sɛ wɔmmoa mma wonhu nea ɛde ɔyare no bae.
• Arterial blood gas test: Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔahu sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye no, wogye mogya fi wo nsateaa, wo nsa, anaa wo srɛ mu na wosusuw oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu.
• Bronchoscopy: Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wo duruyɛfo betumi de afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa a kanea wom a wɔfrɛ no bronchoscope ahwɛ w’ahurututu mu. Obetumi nso afa ntini anaa nsu nhwɛsode akɔsɔ ahwɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa ahurututu mu yare?

Ayaresa a wɔde sa ahurututu mu yare no gyina nea ɛde ba (yare mmoawa, mmoawa, anaa fungal) ne sɛnea wo tebea no mu yɛ den no so. Esiane sɛ mpɛn pii no wonnim nea ɛde ba nti, ayaresa no twe adwene si yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wobedi so na wɔama wo tebea no ansɛe so.

Ebia ayaresa a wobetumi apaw bi ne:

• Nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa: Wɔde nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa sa ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba. Wɔrensa mmoawa bi yare, nanso ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw ama wo sɛ wowɔ ɔyare mmoawa bi a ɔyare mmoawa bi ka ho a.
• Nnuru a ekum fungal: Wobetumi de nnuru a ekum fungal asa ahurututu mu yare a fungal yare bi de ba no.
• Nnuru a wɔde ko tia ɔyare mmoawa: Wɔntaa mfa nnuru sa ahurututu mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa de ba, na ebetumi afi hɔ ankasa. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛtew wo yare a ɛnam mmoawa bi so no tenten ne sɛnea emu yɛ den so no, wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛw wo nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) , Zanamivir (Relenza®) , anaa Peramivir (Rapivab®) .
• Oxygen ayaresa: Sɛ wunnya oxygen a ɛdɔɔso a, ebia wo duruyɛfo nam afiri bi a wɔde ahyɛ wo hwene mu anaa akataso a wɔde hyɛ w’anim so bɛma wo oxygen foforo.
• Nsu a wɔde fa ntini mu (IV nsu): Wɔde nsu a wɔde kɔ ntini bi mu tẽẽ (IV) di dwuma de siw nsu a ɛho ntew ano anaasɛ wɔde sa nsu a ɛho ayɛ fĩ sɛ ɛba a.
• Nsu a woyi fi hɔ: Sɛ nsu pii aboaboa ano wɔ w’ahurututu ne wo moma so fasu ntam ( pleural effusion ) a, ebia wo duruyɛfo betumi ayi afi hɔ. Wobetumi de catheter anaa oprehyɛn ayɛ eyi.

So ahurututu mu yare no ankasa kɔ?

Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba no ankasa fi hɔ. Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ wudi wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi bere nyinaa na ama woasa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no na woatew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ɔhaw ahorow a emu yɛ den no so.

Mɛyɛ dɛn adi ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma?

Nnuru a wɔtɔn ne nneɛma a wubetumi ayɛ wɔ fie betumi aboa wo ma wo ho atɔ wo na woadi ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma:

• Nnuru a ɛma ɛyaw ano brɛ ase ne nea ɛtew atiridii so: Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw nnuru te sɛ ibuprofen (Advil®) ne acetaminophen (Tylenol®) ama nipadua mu yaw ne atiridiinini.
• Nnuru a wɔde siw ɔfe ano:Bisa wo duruyɛfo ansa na woanom nnuru a wɔde siw ɔfe ano ama ahurututu mu yare. Ɔfe ho hia na ama w’ahurututu mu atew.
• Ahomegye ho ayaresa ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ: Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw saa ayaresa ahorow yi na ama nsu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ayɛ mmerɛw na aboa wo ma woahome.
• Humidifier a wode bedi dwuma: Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ fa humidifier ketewaa bi si wo mpa ho anaasɛ fa aguare anaa aguare a nsuonwini wom. Eyi betumi aboa ma ahomegye ayɛ mmerɛw.
• Nom nsu pii.

Ɛrenkyɛ na me ho atɔ me bere a wɔasa me ahurututu mu yare awie no?

Sɛnea wo ho tɔ wo ntɛmntɛm no gyina nneɛma yi so:

• wo mfe a woadi.
• Nea ɛde wo ahurututu mu yare no ba.
• Sɛnea wo ahurututu mu yare no mu yɛ den.
• Sɛ́ ebia wowɔ akwahosan tebea afoforo anaa nsɛnnennen.

Sɛ woyɛ obi a wowɔ apɔwmuden a wunni nyarewa foforo biara a, mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba ho sɛnkyerɛnne dodow no ara fi ase yɛ yiye wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 kosi 48 akyi bere a woafi ayaresa ase no. Wɔ ahurututu mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa de ba ho no, ebia wubefi ase ate nka wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi bere a woafi ayaresa ase no. Nsɛnkyerɛnne bi te sɛ ɔfe ne ɔbrɛ betumi atra hɔ adapɛn pii.

Sɛ mewɔ ahurututu mu yare a, mɛnya ɔyare mmoawa akosi da bɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa de ba a, wommu wo bio sɛ ​​obi a ɔyare mmoawa ba bere a w’atiridii no ano abrɛ ase na anyɛ yiye koraa no woanom nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa nna abien akyi. Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa de ba a, wɔda so ara bu wo sɛ obi a ɔyare no kɔ so kosi sɛ wo ho bɛtɔ wo na woanya atiridii nna kakraa bi.

Sɛ mewɔ ahurututu mu yare a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ kwan?

Sɛ woyɛ obi a wowɔ apɔwmuden a wunni nyarewa foforo biara a, sɛ wunya ayaresa ntɛm a, wubetumi anya ahoɔden afi ahurututu mu yare mu ntɛm. Nanso, sɛ wɔansa, titiriw sɛ wowɔ akwahosan ho tebea afoforo a ɛhyɛ wo ase a, ahurututu mu yare betumi de wo nkwa ato asiane mu.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnipa a wɔasa wɔn yare yiye na wɔn ho atɔ wɔn koraa mpo tumi nya akwahosan ho haw a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ. Bere a wo ho atɔ wo wɔ ahurututu mu yare ho akyi no, ebia wubehu:

• Tumi a obi tumi teɛteɛ n’apɔw mu a ɛso tew.
• Koma ne ntini mu yare a ɛreyɛ kɛse.
• Asetra pa a ɛso tew wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so.

Mmofra a wɔn ho atɔ wɔn wɔ ahurututu mu yare no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya ahurututu mu yare a enni sabea.

Sɛ wokɔ so nya akwahosan ho haw bere a wo ho atɔ wo wɔ ahurututu mu yare akyi a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ebetumi afi ahurututu mu yare mu aba?

Ahurututu mu yare betumi de nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den araa ma ɛho behia sɛ wɔde no kɔ ayaresabea aba, a nea ɛka ho ne:

• Ɔhome mu haw: Ahurututu mu yare betumi ama obi ahome ayɛ adwuma yiye anaasɛ ɔhome mu haw a emu yɛ den (ARDS) .
• Nsu a ɛboaboa ano wɔ ahurututu no ho (pleural effusion).
• Mmoawa a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba mogya mu (Bacteremia) , anaasɛ sepsis:Mmoawa a wɔde ahurututu mu yare ba no betumi akɔ wo mogya mu, na wɔatrɛw ɔyare no mu akɔ akwaa afoforo mu na ama wɔanya sepsis (te sɛ mogya mu awuduru) anaasɛ akwaa a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Ahurututu mu akisikuru: Ahurututu mu yare betumi ama ntokuru (akuru) ayɛ w’ahurututu mu ma.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wode wo kɔ ayaresabea esiane ahurututu mu yare nti?

Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a emu yɛ den anaa nsɛnnennen bi a, ebia ebehia sɛ wotra ayaresabea hɔ kɔsa wo yare. Ɛda adi sɛ wɔde wo bɛkɔ ayaresabea esiane ahurututu mu yare nti sɛ :

• Sɛ wo nni mfeɛ 2 anaa boro mfeɛ 65 a, ɛnyɛ hwee.
• Sɛ wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw a.
• Sɛ wowɔ akwahosan tebea horow a ɛka wo koma ne w’ahurututu a.

Sɛ wɔde wo kɔ ayaresabea esiane ahurututu mu yare nti a, ebetumi agye bɛyɛ adapɛn asia kosi awotwe ansa na woasan ayɛ nea na ɛte kan.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi asiw ahurututu mu yare ano?

Ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so asiw ahurututu mu yare ano ne sɛ wobɛbɔ wo ho ban afi mmoawa ne mmoawa a wɔtaa de ba no ho. Akwahosan ho su ahorow bi nso wɔ hɔ a wubetumi adi akyi da biara da na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu yare no so atew.

Nnuru a wɔde bɔ ahurututu mu yare ho ban

Nnuru ahorow abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a esiw ahurututu mu yare a ahurututu mu mmoawa de ba no ano. Te sɛ atiridiinini aduru no, saa nnuru yi mmɔ wɔn ho ban mfi ahurututu mu yare ahorow nyinaa ho. Nanso sɛ woyare a, ɛnyɛ den koraa sɛ ɛbɛyɛ den.

• Nnuru a wɔde bɔ ahurututu mu yare ho ban: Pneumovax23® ne Prevnar13® bɔ wɔn ho ban fi ahurututu mu yare mmoawa ho. Wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa mma mfe bi anaa nnipa a asiane kɛse wom sɛ wobenya ahurututu mu yare. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no vaccine bɛn na ɛfata wo anaa w’adɔfo.
• Nnuru a wɔde ko tia mmoawa: Esiane sɛ mmoawa bi tumi de ahurututu mu yare ba nti, sɛ wɔde wɔn ho bɔ COVID-19 ne atiridiinini ho a, ebetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya ahurututu mu yare no so.
• Mmofra mmoawa a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban: Sɛ wowɔ mma a, bisa wɔn duruyɛfo no nnuru foforo a ɛsɛ sɛ wonya. Nnuru pii a wɔde bɔ mmofra ho ban boa ma wosiw nyarewa a mmoawa ne mmoawa a wobetumi de ahurututu mu yare aba no ano.

Akwan foforo a wɔfa so tew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya ahurututu mu yare no so

Wɔ nnuru a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban akyi no, wubetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu yare na woatrɛw no so denam akwahosan ho su ahorow yi a wubedi akyi so:

• Gyae sigaretnom na kwati sigaretnom. Sigaretnom sɛe w’ahurututu na ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ɔyare mmoawa no yɛ kɛse.
• Fa samina ne nsu hohoro wo nsa yiye ansa na woadi, ansa na woadi aduan ho dwuma, ne bere a woakɔ tiafi awie no. Sɛ samina nni hɔ a, fa aduru a wɔde tew nsa a nsa wom di dwuma.
• Sɛ wo anaa obi foforo wɔ yareɛ a ɛtumi kɔ nnipa mu te sɛ atiridiinini, atiridiinini, anaa COVID-19 a, kwati sɛ wo ne wɔn bɛbɛn na woakyɛ nneɛma.
• Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wotra ayaresabea anaa akwahosan ho adwumayɛbea foforo a, nsuro sɛ wubebisa wo nnuruyɛfo sɛnea wobɛtew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ɔyare mmoawa bere a wote hɔ no so.
• Di aduan pa a ahoɔden wom, teɛteɛ w’apɔw mu, na gye w’ahome sɛnea ɛsɛ.
• Nya ayaresa ma nyarewa anaa akwahosan tebea foforo biara a wowɔ. Saa tebea horow yi betumi ama wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ahurututu mu yare no ayɛ kɛse.
• Kwati nsa a wobɛnom boro so.

Sɛ mewɔ ahurututu mu yare a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ na ama me ho atɔ me?

Nneɛma bi a wubetumi ayɛ na ama wo ho atɔ wo bere a wowɔ ahurututu mu yare ni:

• Di wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ no.
• Wie nnuru ne ayaresa a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo nyinaa. Nnyae nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a wonom esiane sɛ wo ho atɔ wo nti. Kɔ so nom kosi sɛ wubewie nnuru no nyinaa. Sɛ woanwie nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa no nyinaa a, ebia wo ahurututu mu yare no bɛsan aba.
• Sɛ wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw nnuru a wɔtɔn a ɛtew atiridii so (aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen) ama wo a, fa sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wɔ krataa no so no. Mfa aspirin mma mmofra da.
• Gye w’ahome yiye.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, sɛ wote nka sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu ayɛ den bere biara a, frɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara.

Dɛn ne nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ahurututu mu yare reyɛ yiye?

Bere a wufi ase ho tɔ wo wɔ ahurututu mu yare ho no, wo atiridiinini no bɛyɛ nea edi kan a ɛbɛsan aba sɛnea na ɛte kan no. Ɛno akyi no, ebia wubehu sɛ nsu dodow a wofe no so tew. Sɛ wote nka sɛ wubetumi ayɛ wo dwumadi ahorow a wotaa yɛ no bi nso yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne pa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ho retɔ wo.

Sɛ mewɔ ahurututu mu yare a, bere bɛn na metumi asan akɔ adwuma, sukuu, anaa nneɛma a meyɛ daa?

Sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no afi hɔ, ɛnyɛ den anaasɛ ɛrenya nkɔso, na wunnya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne foforo anaasɛ ɛreyɛ kɛse a, mpɛn pii no wubetumi asan akɔ wo dwumadi ahorow a wotaa yɛ no so:

• Ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa anaa ɔbrɛ (ahoɔden a onni).
• Koko mu yaw.
• Nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ, atiridiinini, anaa ɔfe.

Sɛ mpɛn pii no wowɔ apɔwmuden a, nnipa dodow no ara te nka sɛ wɔn ho ye araa ma wɔsan kɔ wɔn dwumadi ahorow a atwam no so wɔ bɛyɛ dapɛn biako ntam. Nanso, ebetumi agye ɔsram biako ansa na ne ho atɔ no koraa.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa , titiriw sɛ woyare dedaw, wowɔ akwahosan tebea bi a ɛda adi, anaasɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne foforo anaa nea ɛreyɛ kɛse a edidi so yi mu biara a:

• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Atiridii anaa ɔfe a ɛyɛ fhlegm.
• Ɔbrɛ.
• Sesa aduan ho akɔnnɔ mu (sɛ wote nka sɛ wunni akɔnnɔ pii sɛ wubedidi a).

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ Emergency Room?

Kɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ anaa frɛ 911 sɛ wowɔ eyinom mu bi a:

• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wo home yɛ den bere a wugyina hɔ ara kwa mpo a, ɛnyɛ hwee.
• Sɛ wowɔ koko mu yaw foforo anaasɛ ɛreyɛ kɛse a.
• Sɛ w’adwene atu afra anaasɛ wuntumi nsusuw nneɛma ho yiye a, ɛnyɛ hwee.

So wubetumi anya ahurututu mu yare a atiridii nnim?

Yiw, ɛwom sɛ atiridii yɛ ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba de, nanso ahurututu mu yare betumi aba bere a atiridii a ɛba fam anaasɛ enni bi. Eyi taa ba, esiane biribi nti :

• Sɛ woadi boro mfe 65 anaa wonnu mfe 2 (titiriw mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo ne nkokoaa).
• Sɛ wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw a.

So ɛsono sɛnea wɔsa ahurututu mu yare wɔ mmofra mu?

Mpɛn pii no, wɔmfa ɔkwan soronko so sa ahurututu mu yare a ɛwɔ mmofra mu. Nanso, mmofra nkumaa wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wɔbɛyare ahurututu mu yare denneennen na ɛda adi sɛ wɔde wɔn bɛkɔ ayaresabea akɔsa wɔn yare sen mpanyimfo.

Esiane sɛ nneɛma pii na ɛde ba ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛsono emu biara nti, ahurututu mu yare betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ basaa kakra. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte dadwen nka bere a woresusuw ho sɛ ebia wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no kyerɛ biribi a anibere wom anaa. Atiridiinini a ano yɛ den, mogya anaa kɔla soronko, koko mu yaw, ne ahome a ɛyɛ den nyinaa yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛnsɛ sɛ wubu w’ani gu so. Sɛ wo nipadua reka akyerɛ wo sɛ biribi anyɛ yiye a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu.

Momma yɛnkae nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti momma yɛnkae wo nsɛntitiriw a ɛho hia sen biara a yɛaka ho asɛm afa ahurututu mu yare ho no bio:

• Ahurututu mu yare yɛ yare a ɛba ahurututu mu. Ebetumi afi mmoawa, mmoawa, anaa, ɛntaa mma sɛ, fungi na ɛde aba.
• Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ɔfe, atiridiinini, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome, anaa wo koko mu yaw a, nsusuw sɛ ɛyɛ atiridii kɛkɛ na kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.
• Titiriw mmofra nkumaa, wɔn a wɔn mfe akɔ anim, wɔn a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw, ne wɔn a wɔwɔ ahurututu/komayare afoforo no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔdwen ahurututu mu yare ho kɛse.
• Sɛ wonya nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban, te sɛ ahurututu mu yare ne atiridii aduru a, ebetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya ahurututu mu yare no so.
• Sigaretnom a wɔkwati, nsa hohoro yiye, ne asetra a ahoɔden wom nso boa ma wɔbɔ obi ho ban fi ahurututu mu yare ho.
• Fa aduru a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ, wɔ bere ano. Sɛ ɛyɛ nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a, wie aduan no nyinaa, sɛ wo ho atɔ wo mpo a.

Kae sɛ wunim w’akwahosan yiye. Sɛ wuhu biribi a ɛyɛ soronko anaa ɛyɛ soronko a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara. Mma ɛnhaw wo, mpɛn pii no wobetumi asa ahurututu mu yare denam ayaresa a wɔde sa yare ntɛm so!

` Ahurututu mu yareɛ, ahurututu mu yareɛ, ɔfe, atiridiinini, ɔhome a ɛyɛ den, ahurututu mu yareɛ ho sɛnkyerɛnne, ahurututu mu yareɛ ayaresa