So protein pii wɔ wo nsu mu dodo? (Proteinuria) - Momma yɛnhwehwɛ nea eyi yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ!

So woahyɛ no nsow pɛn sɛ wo nsu , anaa wo nsu, yɛ ahuru kakra? Anaasɛ ebia oduruyɛfo bi ayɛ nsu mu nhwehwɛmu na waka sɛ, "Wowɔ protein a ɛboro so kakra wɔ wo nsu mu." Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no proteinuria wɔ aduruyɛ mu . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi kyerɛ sɛ protein pii wɔ wo nsu mu sen sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyi betumi ayɛ asaabo a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye ho sɛnkyerɛnne ntɛm.

Dɛn ne protein na dɛn nti na ɛho hia yɛn nipadua saa?

Susuw ho hwɛ, protein te sɛ adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no. Wɔyɛ adwuma a ɛho hia pii.

• Ɛboa ma ntini ne nnompe yɛ kɛse . Sɛ yetu mmirika na yehuruw, sɛ yɛma nneɛma a emu yɛ duru so a, yehia ntini a ɛyɛ den.
• Ɛhwɛ nsu dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu so .
• Wɔboa yɛn nipadua ma ɛko tia nyarewa . Wɔte sɛ asraafo nkumaa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu.
• Wɔn na wɔhwɛ nso sɛ wosiesie ntini a asɛe .

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ protein ahorow yi wɔ yɛn mogya mu. Ɛhɔ na wɔyɛ wɔn adwuma a ɛho hia no. Nanso, sɛ biribi nti saa protein ahorow yi fi mogya no mu na ɛba awiei wɔ nsu mu a, ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wɔreyi afi nipadua no mu. Sɛ ɛba saa a, ebetumi aka yɛn nipadua nyinaa akwahosan.

So protein a ɛwɔ nsu mu no yɛ aniberesɛm?

Yiw, protein a ɛwɔ nsu mu no yɛ ade a ɛhaw adwene ampa , efisɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi ada no adi sɛ tebea yi ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ komayare ne koma ne ntini mu yare betumi awu no yɛ kɛse.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no proteinuria no betumi ayɛ asaabo mu yare a enni sabea (CKD) ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan . Nanso, ebia nnipa binom benya protein dodow a ɛfata wɔ wɔn nsu mu ɛwom mpo sɛ wɔwɔ CKD de. CKD yɛ asaabo no dwumadi a ɛyera nkakrankakra. Sɛ eyi kɔ so a, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔde asaabo foforo ma wo anaasɛ wɔyɛ wo dialysis. Asikreyare ne mogya mmoroso ne nneɛma abien titiriw a ɛma asaabo sɛe. Eyinom ne nneɛma a ɛtaa de asaabo mu nyarewa ba.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu ma tebea yi?

Obiara betumi anya proteinuria. Nanso, ɛda adi sɛ wubenya saa tebea yi sɛ:

• Sɛ woadi boro mfe 65 a .
• Sɛ obi wɔ w'abusua mu anya asaabo mu yare anaasɛ ɔwɔ bi mprempren a .
• Sɛ wowɔ aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo a ɛka w’asaabo te sɛ asikreyare a .
• Wɔahu sɛ asiane yi dɔɔso wɔ mmusuakuw bi mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, abibifo, Hispanicfo, Amerikafo Ankasa, anaa Pacific Nsupɔw sofo).

Saa tebea yi abu so dɛn?

Proteinuria yɛ tebea a ɛtaa ba. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ United States no mu bɛyɛ 6.7% na wɔwɔ saa tebea yi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na protein kɔ nsu mu? Dɛn na ɛkɔ so wɔ asaabo no mu?

Susuw yɛn asaabo ho sɛ super filter. Wɔn adwuma titiriw ne sɛ wobeyi nneɛma fĩ ne nsu a ɛboro so afi yɛn mogya mu. Saa nwura a wɔayiyi mu ne nsu yi ne nea efi nipadua no mu sɛ nsu.

Mogya ntini nketenkete pii a wɔfrɛ no glomeruli wɔ asaabo no mu . Eyinom ne mogya a wɔde yiyi mu no fã a edi kan. Mpɛn pii no, saa glomeruli yi mma protein nketenkete anaa mogya mu nkwammoaa akɛse mfa nkɔ nsu no mu. Ɛte sɛ ahama a wɔde yiyi nneɛma mu a ɛkyere asinasin akɛse. Nanso, sɛ protein nketenkete bi fa saa glomeruli yi mu ampa a, ntini atenten a ɛyɛ tratraa (tubules) a ɛwɔ asaabo no mu no san twetwe saa protein ahorow no san kɔ nipadua no mu.

Enti, protein fi ase kɔ nsu no mu sɛ biribi ankɔ yiye wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu a:

• Sɛ biribi asɛe wɔ glomeruli anaa tubules no mu a.
• Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ protein a wɔsan twetwe no mu a.

Dɛn ne eyi ho sɛnkyerɛnne? Yɛyɛ dɛn hu no?

Mpɛn pii no proteinuria nkyerɛ sɛnkyerɛnne biara wɔ ne mfiase . Ɛno nti na ebetumi ayɛ nea asiane wom kakra no. Nanso, bere a tebea no kɔ so no, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ:

• Anim, yafunu, nan, anaa nansoaa a ɛho ahonhon (edema) . Nnipa binom bɔ amanneɛ sɛ sɛ wɔsɔre anɔpa a, wɔn anim tew, anaasɛ wɔn nan hohoro anwummere.
• Ɛho hia sɛ wɔtaa tow nsu.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Ɔbrɛ a emu yɛ den, ɔbrɛ.
• Akisikuru ne ɔfe.
• Aduan no nyɛ dɛ.
• Ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anadwo.
• Aniwa a ɛho ayɛ fĩ, titiriw anɔpa.
• Nsu a ɛyɛ ahuru anaasɛ ɛyɛ bubbly. Eyi ne sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan a nnipa pii hu. Sɛ ɛyɛ ahuru te sɛ samina nsu a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw wo.

Nea ɛho hia: Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ayɛ asaabo mu yare a enni sabea ho sɛnkyerɛnne ankasa. Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi, titiriw nsu a ɛyɛ ahuru na ɛho wosow a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Dɛn na ɛde proteinuria ba?

Mpɛn pii no, proteinuria betumi afi aduruyɛ mu tebea horow a asiane biara nni ho (ɛnyɛ kokoram) anaasɛ bere tiaa mu de. Eyinom ho nhwɛso bi ne:

• Dehydration - Wei kyerε sε worennya nsuo a εdɔɔso wɔ nipadua no mu.
• Ahonhono- a ewo ho a eba nipadua no mu baabi.
• Mogya mmoroso a ɛba fam (Hypotension).
• Asaabo mu abo.

Afei nso, nneɛma te sɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a emu yɛ den, adwennwen, nnuru te sɛ aspirin a wɔnom da biara da, ne awɔw a ano yɛ den a obi de ne ho hyɛ mu no betumi ama protein dodow a ɛwɔ nsu mu no akɔ soro bere tiaa bi.

Nanso, aduruyɛ mu tebea horow a emu yɛ den kɛse nso betumi asɛe asaabo no na ama proteinuria aba. Tebea horow a ɛtete saa no bi ne:

• Nyarewa bi a ɛko tia nyarewa , te sɛ lupus ne Goodpasture’s syndrome.
• Asaabo mu ɔfe a emu yɛ den , a wɔsan frɛ no glomerulonephritis.
• Plasma cell cancer , a wɔsan frɛ no multiple myeloma.
• Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a wɔsɛe no no ma hemoglobin boaboa ano wɔ mogya no mu (intravascular hemolysis).
• Koma ne ntini mu yare.
• Proteinuria ne mogya mmoroso wɔ ɔbaa a onyinsɛn mu bere koro mu - wɔfrɛ eyi preeclampsia.
• Awuduru a wɔde ma.
• Nipadua mu akwanhyia/apirakuru (`Trauma`).
• Asaabo mu kokoram.
• Koma tebea (`Koma a ɛyɛ den`).

Protein dodow ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhaw yɛn ho wɔ yɛn nsu mu?

Mpɛn pii no, ɛsɛ sɛ protein dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn nsu mu no nnu miligram 150 da biara. Sɛ protein bɛboro miligram 150 wɔ wo nsu mu da biara a, ɛno na wɔfrɛ no proteinuria. Anohyeto a ɛwɔ soro a ɛwɔ saa dodow a ɛfata yi mu no betumi ayɛ soronko kakra wɔ lab biara mu.

Sɛ protein gram 3 kosi 3.5 wɔ wo nsu mu da biara a, wɔfrɛ no nephrotic-range proteinuria . Nephrotic syndrome yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi a asaabo no yi protein pii kɔ nsu mu.

So eyi yɛ yare a wɔde kɔ nnipa mu?

Dabi, proteinuria nyɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba . Nanso, sɛ nnipa afoforo a wɔwɔ w’abusua mu wɔ saa yare no a, ɛda adi sɛ wubenya bi. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia awosu mu su bi wɔ hɔ.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu eyi pɛpɛɛpɛ? Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na wɔyɛ?

Wo duruyɛfo bedi kan ayɛ dipstick nhwehwɛmu de ahu proteinuria.. Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wotow gu ade titiriw bi mu wɔ wo duruyɛfo adwumayɛbea anaa ayaresabea. Afei, oduruyɛfo no de plastic dua teateaa (dipstick) a wɔde nnuru titiriw bi akata so gu nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwɛso no mu. Sɛ protein pii wɔ nsu no mu a, dua no kɔla bɛsesa.

Afei, wo duruyɛfo no bɛyɛ nsu mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ nsu a aka no ho. Eyi bɛhwɛ sɛnea nsu no te, nnuru a ɛwom, ne sɛnea ɛwɔ mu wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu. Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwehwɛ nneɛma a wɔtaa nhu wɔ nsu mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, mmoawa, ne nkyene anaa protein ahwehwɛ a ebetumi ayɛ asaabo mu abo.

Sɛ wususuw sɛ asaabo mu yare a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ?

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ wowɔ asaabo mu yare a, ɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ san nyɛ wo nsu mu nhwehwɛmu mprɛnsa wɔ asram abiɛsa mu. Sɛ wohu protein wɔ nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu no mu biara mu a, ɛda adi sɛ wowɔ tebea bi a enni sabea (ɛtra hɔ kyɛ). Dodow a wohu eyi ntɛm no, dodow no ara na hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobedi asaabo mu yare no so na wɔagyae.

Nea ɛka ho no, wobetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a edidi so yi:

• Creatinine clearance test: Creatinine yɛ nnuru a wɔsɛe no. Saa nhwehwɛmu yi susuw creatinine dodow a ɛwɔ wo nsu ne wo mogya mu. Sɛ w’asaabo yɛ apɔwmuden a, eyi creatinine fi wo mogya mu na ɛde kɔ wo nsu mu. Nanso sɛ w’asaabo ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, creatinine tra wo mogya mu.
• Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: GFR no de protein dodow a wɔfrɛ no creatinine ne albumin a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu toto ho, na egyina wo nipadua kɛse, mfe a woadi, ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna a wofi awosu mu, ne abusuakuw a wofi mu so. GFR no betumi akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo sɛnea w’asaabo reyɛ adwuma yiye ne sɛnea w’asaabo yare no akɔ anim. Saa nsɛm yi betumi aboa wo ma woayɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe a eye sen biara.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ protein dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu nyinaa: Serum yɛ mogya no fã a protein wom.
• Mfonini a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu: Nhwehwɛmu te sɛ CT scan ne ultrasound tumi hu ɔhaw ahorow te sɛ asaabo mu abo, akisikuru, anaa nsu a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu a ɛsiw.
• Urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP): UPEP ma wo duruyɛfo tumi hwehwɛ protein ahorow pɔtee bi. Wɔde wo nsuo a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu no kɔ lab. Ɛhɔ no, lab mfiridwumayɛfo bi de anyinam ahoɔden bi gu wo nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu no so. Eyi betumi ama woahu protein dodow a ɛwɔ wo nsu mu.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa (IFE):Oduruyɛfo no de ade ketewaa bi ne afiri a wɔde fa nsu mu di dwuma de yi mogya fi ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa anaa wo nsa mu mu. Wɔde mogya no kɔ aduruyɛdan bi mu kɔhwɛ sɛ protein pɔtee bi wɔ mogya no mu anaa.
• Asaabo mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔ nhwehwɛmu yi mu no, wo duruyɛfo yi w’asaabo no fã ketewaa bi fi hɔ. Wɔde nhwɛsode no kɔ adwumayɛbea bi a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu. Lab mfiridwumayɛfo bi de microscope hwehwɛ asaabo no mu nhwɛsode no mu hwɛ nea ɛde w’asaabo yare no reba ne sɛnea asɛe kɛse.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa eyi?

Proteinuria ayaresa gyina nea ɛde ba no so . Biribiara a ɛde ba no wɔ n’ankasa ayaresa.

Sɛ asaabo mu yare na ɛde proteinuria ba a , ebia nea ɛka wo ayaresa nhyehyɛe ho ne nnuru, nsakrae a wobɛyɛ wɔ aduan mu, ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ . Sɛ wowɔ mogya mmoroso a, wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw nnuru ama wo. Sɛ wo mogya mmoroso a ɛba fam a, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛyɛ wo nsu mu nhwehwɛmu na wɔahwɛ wo mogya mmoroso afe biara.

Sɛ wowɔ asikreyare a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu so . Ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ wo GFR mogya mu nhwehwɛmu afe biara nso.

Ɛsɛ sɛ mmea a wɔyem a wɔanya preeclampsia dedaw no kɔ wɔn duruyɛfo nkyɛn daa kɔhwɛ wɔn. Ɛwom sɛ preeclampsia yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den de, nanso mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ yiye wɔ nna anaa adapɛn kakraa bi mu wɔ awo akyi.

Sɛ wowɔ proteinuria nanso wunni asikreyare, mogya mmoroso, anaa aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo biara a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw wo mogya mmoroso nnuru na aboa ma asaabo no ansɛe. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhwɛ wo mogya mmoroso na wɔayɛ wo nsu mu nhwehwɛmu asram asia biara de ahwɛ ahu sɛ wunni asaabo mu yare.

Sɛ wowɔ proteinuria a emu nyɛ den anaasɛ ɛtra hɔ bere tiaa bi a, ebia wunhia ayaresa biara.

So nsu a wɔnom ma protein a ɛwɔ nsu mu no so tew?

Dabi, nsu pii a wobɛnom no rensa proteinuria. Nsu pii a wobɛnom no bɛma woatoto wo ho pii, na ebetumi ama protein dodow a ɛwɔ wo nsu mu no so atew bere koro mu. Nanso, ɛremma asaabo no nsiw protein a ɛretu.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho? Nneɛma bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ?

Ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so ahwɛ wo ho ne sɛ wobɛnom wo nnuru sɛnea wo duruyɛfo akyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Nea ɛka ho no, akwan foforo bi a wubetumi afa so aboa ni:

• Nnuan a protein pii wom a wɔbɛtew so.
• Nkyene a wɔnom no ano hye. Eyi bɛboa ma wo mogya so atew.
• Nnuan a ahoɔdennuru wom pii a wubedi no betumi aboa ma srade a ɛwɔ mogya mu no so atew na asikre dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu no ayɛ yiye.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ anaa nnam a wobɛkɔ so ayɛ daa.Bɔ mmɔden sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no wode wo ho bɛhyɛ dwumadi mu nnɔnhwerew abien dapɛn biara.
• Hwɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu daa.
• Sigaretnom ne tawanom a wobegyae.
• Kwati sɛ wobɛnom nnuru a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa a ɛnyɛ steroid (NSAIDs) gye sɛ oduruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo. NSAID ahorow a wɔtaa de di dwuma ne aspirin (Bayer®), ibuprofen (Advil®), ne naproxen (Aleve®).

So ɔkwan bi wɔ hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw eyi ano?

Wontumi nsiw proteinuria ano koraa . Nanso, wubetumi adi ho dwuma. Wobetumi de nnuru ne asetra mu nsakrae adi tebea horow pii a ɛde proteinuria ba no so.

Dɛn na obi a ɔwɔ proteinuria betumi ahwɛ?

Sɛ wohu yare no yiye na wɔsa no yare sɛnea ɛfata a, anidaso a ɛwɔ hɔ ma nnipa a wɔwɔ proteinuria no ye.

Nanso, sɛ wɔansa proteinuria a, ebetumi ama obi awu mpo. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ nnipa a wonni proteinuria no tra ase kyɛ sen wɔn a proteinuria a emu nyɛ den anaasɛ emu yɛ den no.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara:

• Sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wototo wo ho mpɛn pii sen sɛnea wotaa tow, anaasɛ sɛ wote ɛyaw nka bere a woretow wo ho a.
• Sɛ wo nsuo yɛ ahurututu anaasɛ ɛwɔ ahurututu a.
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw anaasɛ wofe a.
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw, wo ho ayɛ mmerɛw, anaasɛ wo ti ayɛ hare a.
• Sɛ w’anim, wo yafunu, anaa wo nipadua ase ho ahonhon anaasɛ wo hohoro a.
• Sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no ankɔ yiye wɔ ayaresa akyi a.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wubetumi abisa nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

• Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo no hu no yiye sɛ mewɔ proteinuria?
• Tebea bɛn na ɛmaa minyaa proteinuria?
• Sɔhwɛ bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
• So mewɔ proteinuria a emu nyɛ den anaasɛ ɛtra hɔ bere tiaa bi?
• Nnuru anaa ayaresa bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
• So ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ nsakrae bi wɔ m’aduan anaa m’asetra kwan mu?
• Sɛ minni proteinuria a, tebea foforo bɛn na metumi anya?

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Proteinuria ne Orthostatic Proteinuria ntam?

Orthostatic proteinuria ( wɔsan frɛ no postural proteinuria) kyerɛ sɛ woEyi kyerɛ sɛ protein pii wɔ wo nsu mu bere a woretow wo ho bere a wugyina hɔ no, nanso protein a ɛwɔ wo nsu mu no yɛ nea ɛfata bere a wototo nsu bere a woada fam no. Eyi yɛ tebea a wɔtaa hu wɔ mmerante ne mmabaa mu, titiriw wɔn a wɔware na wɔyɛ teateaa, na ɛnyɛ nea asiane wom kɛse.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Proteinuria ne Transient Proteinuria ntam?

Proteinuria a ɛtra hɔ bere tiaa bi yɛ bere tiaa mu tebea . Mpɛn pii no, nneɛma te sɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a emu yɛ den, adwennwen, atiridiinini, ne awɔw a ano yɛ den bere tenten na ɛde ba. Mpɛn pii no, proteinuria a ɛtra hɔ bere tiaa bi no ankasa gyae a wɔmfa ayaresa biara nka ho.

Proteinuria yɛ protein dodow a ɛkɔ soro wɔ wo nsu mu. Sɛ wowɔ proteinuria a, ebia ebehia sɛ wotaa tow nsu, na ebia wo nsu no bɛyɛ ahurututu anaasɛ ayɛ ahurututu. Wubetumi nso ahu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba, te sɛ akisikuru, ɔfe, ɔbrɛ, ne ɔfe. Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bɛboro nna kakraa bi a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Obetumi ahu tebea a ɛde wo proteinuria no na wakyerɛw ayaresa ahorow a ɛbɛboa ma w’asaabo anya apɔwmuden.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Okay, enti ɛfiri nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu no, mewɔ anidasoɔ sɛ woanya adwene pa wɔ proteinuria ho. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ wo nsu mu (titiriw nsu a ɛyɛ ahurututu) anaasɛ wo nipadua mu ahonhon a. Sɛ wuhu ntɛm a, wubetumi asiw ɔhaw pii ano. Asaabo te sɛ yɛn nipadua mu nkoa a wɔyɛ komm. Ɛyɛ yɛn asɛyɛde sɛ yɛbɛhwɛ wɔn yiye. Mma ɛnhaw wo, wobetumi adi tebea horow yi so denam aduruyɛ mu afotu ne ayaresa a ɛfata so.

` proteinuria, protein a ɛwɔ nsu mu, asaabo mu yare, nsu a ɛyɛ ahuru, asaabo akwahosan, asaabo a ɛsɛe, CKD