So wubetumi anya ɔhaw a ‘ɛyɛ komm’ yi wɔ wo mogya mu? Momma yensua Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM) ho ade!

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɔhaw akɛse betumi asɔre wɔ yɛn nipadua mu a abɔnten so sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni ho. Ebia wubesusuw sɛ, "Oh, ɛbɛyɛ dɛn na ɛno atumi aba?" Wiɛ, yiw, ebetumi aba saa. Ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka tebea pɔtee bi a ebetumi aba komm, a enni sɛnkyerɛnne biara, nanso ɛwɔ tumi a ɛbɛma abɛyɛ kokoram a emu yɛ den daakye ho asɛm. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi (Smoldering Multiple Myeloma - SMM) . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi te sɛ yare bi a wɔfrɛ no "chronic multiple myeloma" no mfiase.

Dɛn ne Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM) a Ɛyɛ Fɛ?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Smoldering Multiple Myeloma yɛ tebea a ɛka wo mogya ne wo nnompe mu ntini. Eyi betumi abɛyɛ mogya mu kokoram a ɛntaa nsi a wɔfrɛ no active Multiple Myeloma (MM) . Afei ebia woresusuw ho sɛ, "Dɛn ne saa multiple myeloma yi?" Plasma nkwammoaa yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu. Eyinom na ɛyɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛboa yɛn nipadua ma ɛko tia nyarewa. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa plasma nkwammoaa yi tumi sesa na abɛyɛ nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ. Ɛno ne bere a tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no multiple myeloma ba.

Enti, SMM yɛ "komm" fã ansa na abɛyɛ kokoram a wɔfrɛ no multiple myeloma, a enni sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi agye mfe pii ansa na SMM abɛyɛ multiple myeloma a ɛyɛ nnam. Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa no, nnipa binom a wɔwɔ SMM nnya active multiple myeloma da. Ɛno nti na nnuruyɛfo taa hwɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ SMM mu hwɛ sɛ ebia nsɛnkyerɛnne bi a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebetumi adan kokoram a ɛyɛ nnam anaa.

So (SMM) yɛ kokoram?

Eyi yɛ asɛmmisa a ɛyɛ anifere kakra. Wɔnsa SMM sɛ kokoram ankasa. Nanso esiane sɛ ebetumi abɛyɛ kokoram a wɔfrɛ no active multiple myeloma nti, wobu no sɛ ɛyɛ nea edi kokoram anim. Fa no sɛ wowɔ baabi a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ wo honam ani, awo agyiraehyɛde. Ɛno betumi ayɛ honam ani kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan, ɛnte saa? Ɛno ne nea SMM yɛ. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ hokwan pɔtee bi sɛ wubenya multiple myeloma. Ɛno nti na nnuruyɛfo hwɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi so yiye no .

So tebea afoforo bi wɔ hɔ a ɛma obi tumi yɛ ade a ɛka multiple myeloma?

Yiw, foforo nso wɔ hɔ. Wɔfrɛ no Monoclonal Gammopathy a Ɛnyɛ Nea Ɛho Hia (MGUS) . Te sɛ SMM no, eyi yɛ tebea a ebetumi aba ansa na multiple myeloma aba. Nnuruyɛfo bu MGUS (wɔbɔ no "M-gus") sɛ ɛyɛ ade a edi myeloma pii anim.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na (SMM) ka me nipadua? Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no?

Adeɛ a ɛho hia nie: Nnipa dodoɔ no ara a wɔwɔ (SMM) no nkyerɛ yareɛ no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara.. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ebia worente ahotɔ anaa ɛyaw biara nka. Nnipa dodow no ara hu sɛ wɔwɔ SMM bere a wɔyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ daa esiane biribi foforo nti no. Those blood tests may show that you have an abnormal type of protein called M proteins , which are made by abnormal plasma cells in your body.

Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ saa plasma nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so yi reyɛ protein ahorow a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so (M proteins). Afei nso, sɛ woyɛ nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu a, nnuruyɛfo betumi ahu saa plasma nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ yi wɔ nnompe mu ntini mu. Nanso, wɔ saa "smoldering" fã yi mu no, myeloma mfa ɔhaw biara mma wo nipadua mu, enti nnipa a wɔwɔ SMM taa nnya sɛnkyerɛnne biara.

Hena na obetumi anya (SMM)? So eyi yɛ yare a abu so?

Saa tebea yi taa ka nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 60. Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, mfe a obi adi bere a wohu sɛ ɔwɔ yare no fi mfe 62 kosi 67.

(SMM) nyɛ yare a ɛtaa ba. Nhwehwɛmufo bu akontaa sɛ ɛka nnipa bɛyɛ 100,000 biara mu biako pɛ. Nanso, nnipa 100,000 biara mu bɛyɛ baason pɛ na ɛka multiple myeloma. Enti, (SMM) yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi mpo.

Asiane bɛn na ɛwɔ mu sɛ obi benya (SMM) abɛyɛ active multiple myeloma?

Eyi nso ho hia sɛ yehu. Wɔ mfe anum a edi kan bere a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ SMM akyi no, nnipa a wɔwɔ SMM no mu bɛyɛ 10% nya active multiple myeloma afe biara. Wɔ mfeɛ anum a ɛdi hɔ no mu no, saa ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu no so tew kɔ 3% afe biara. Mfeɛ 10 a ɛdi kan no akyi no, asiane yi so tew kɛseɛ mpo kɔduru 1% afe biara.

Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ (SMM) na obenya multiple myeloma. Nanso, asiane bi wɔ hɔ, enti aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa ho hia yiye.

So nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi akyerɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ ebia obi benya multiple myeloma anaa?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, mprempren nhwehwɛmu biara nni hɔ a ebetumi akyerɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ ebia obi benya multiple myeloma anaa. Nnuruyɛfo ne nhwehwɛmufo kɔ so hwehwɛ awosu mu nsakrae a ɛbata multiple myeloma ho no mu na wɔrehwɛ sɛ wobetumi ahu sɛ ebia obi a ɔwɔ SMM benya multiple myeloma anaa.

Dɛn ne nea enti a (SMM) puei?

Nhwehwɛmufo nim sɛ plasma nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ ne nneɛma a wɔfrɛ no M proteins yɛ multiple myeloma (MM) ne multiple myeloma (MM) agyiraehyɛde. Nanso, wɔda so ara nnim nea ɛma plasma nkwammoaa a ɛteɛ na ɛte apɔw no yɛ nea ɛnteɛ ankasa . Wɔreyɛ nneɛma bi a ebetumi de aba mu nhwehwɛmu:

• Awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae: Nhwehwɛmufo rehwɛ sɛ ebia abusuabɔ bi wɔ nsakrae a ɛba awosu mu nkwaadɔm bi mu (oncogenes - awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛma nkwammoaa nyin) ne multiple myeloma (MM) ntam anaa.
• Kɛse mmoroso: Adwene bi wɔ hɔ sɛ ebia nipadua mu srade a ɛboro so nso na ɛde ba.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobehu (SMM)? Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na wɔyɛ?

Ebia nnuruyɛfo bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii de akyerɛ sɛ wowɔ saa tebea yi anaa. Kae sɛ, sɛ mogya ne/anaasɛ nsu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa no da M protein ho sɛnkyerɛnne adi a, ebia ɛno ne ade a edi kan a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ multiple myeloma. Afei nnuruyɛfo bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi a wofi ase yɛ de hwɛ sɛ ebia wo tebea no rekɔ so akodu multiple myeloma anaa. Ebia sɔhwɛ ahorow yi bi ne:

• Mogya Dodow a Edi Mu (CBC): Eyi kyerɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow a wo nnompe mu ntini yɛ.
• Mogya mu nnuruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyi hwɛ wo creatinine dodow (de hwɛ sɛnea w’asaabo reyɛ adwuma yiye), albumin dodow (de hwɛ sɛnea w’asaabo ne mmerɛbo reyɛ adwuma yiye), ne calcium dodow (de hwɛ sɛ nnompe no ayera anaa).
• Quantitative immunoglobulin test: Saa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu yi susuw M protein (immune proteins) dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu.
• Electrophoresis ne serum immunofixation: Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi hwehwɛ M protein ahorow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu.
• Nsu mu nhwehwɛmu: Ebia nnuruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ boaboa nsu ano wɔ fie nnɔnhwerew 24 mfa nhwɛ sɛ M protein wɔ mu anaa.
• X-ray: Wɔde X-ray di dwuma de hwɛ sɛ nnompe asɛe esiane multiple myeloma nti anaa.
• Computed Tomography (CT) scan: Eyi yɛ ɔkwan foforo a wɔfa so hu nnompe a asɛe.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Saa sɔhwɛ yi de radio asorɔkye ne magnet a ano yɛ den na ɛyɛ wo nnompe ne w’akyi berɛmo ho mfonini a ɛkɔ akyiri. Wobetumi de sɔhwɛ yi adi dwuma de ahwehwɛ adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nnompe asɛe ntɛm.
• Nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu: Nnuruyɛfo betumi afa wo nnompe mu ntini bi na wɔayɛ mu nhwehwɛmu ahu sɛnea plasma nkwammoaa a ɛteɛ ne nea ɛnteɛ a ɛwɔ mu no ɔha biara mu nkyem 100. Wobetumi nso ahwɛ nnompe mu ntini a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu no mu hwɛ sɛ nsakrae bi aba wo DNA mu a ebetumi ama woanya kokoram anaa.

Dɛn ne gyinapɛn ahorow a wɔde yɛ (SMM)?

Sɛ nnuruyɛfo ka "ahwehwɛde" ho asɛm a, nea ɛkyerɛ ne sɔhwɛ mu aba a ɛne aduruyɛ gyinapɛn ahorow a ehia na wɔde ahu yare no hyia. Nneɛma a wɔde gyina hɔ ma (SMM) ne:

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ M protein dodow boro 3g/dl (gram 3 wɔ mogya deciliter biara mu).
• Nnɔnhwerew 24 nsu mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ protein yɛ miligram 500 anaa nea ɛboro saa. Anaasɛ...
• Nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ plasma nkwammoaa yɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo nnompe mu nyinaa mu 10% kosi 59%. Ne...
• Nsɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nnompe mu akuru a ɛyɛ soronko anaa asaabo asɛe a ebetumi afi myeloma mu aba, wo mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow yɛ nea ɛfata, na wo calcium dodow yɛ nea ɛfata.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa tebea yi?

Mprempren, ayaresa a wɔtaa de di dwuma ma SMM ne "ɔwɛn a wɔtwɛn." Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ nnuruyɛfo yɛ nhwehwɛmu daa de hwɛ M protein dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu ne plasma nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ wo nnompe mu. Te sɛ ɔwɛmfo no, wɔrehwɛ sɛ ebia yare no mu yɛ den anaa.

Ebia nnipa binom betumi anya active multiple myeloma. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, ebia nnuruyɛfo binom bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wofi ase sa multiple myeloma ayaresa ntɛm. Sɛ wowɔ multiple myeloma (MM) a, wo duruyɛfo ne onipa a oye sen biara a ɔbɛma wo nsɛm ne ayaresa ho nyansahyɛ ahorow a wuhia.

So metumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ mɛyare (SMM) no so?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, mprempren ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wonim a wɔbɛfa so asiw (SMM) a wɔbɛhyehyɛ no ano.

Bere tenten ahe na wubetumi ne (SMM) atra ase?

Ɛsono ɔkwan a tebea yi fa so ka obiara. Ebia nnipa binom wɔ bi nanso wonnya multiple myeloma da. Nnipa binom nya multiple myeloma wɔ asram anaa mfe bi akyi bere a wɔahu sɛ wɔanya bi no. Sɛ wohaw wo ho sɛ wo ne SMM bɛtra a, bisa wo duruyɛfo nea wubetumi ahwɛ kwan. Wɔyɛ nnipa a wɔsen biara a wɔde nsɛm pɔtee bi bɛma wo.

Bere tenten ahe na wubetumi atra ase wɔ multiple myeloma ho?

Eyi nso yɛ ɔhaw ma nnipa pii. Nnipa a wɔwɔ multiple myeloma no mu bɛyɛ 40% kosi 82% te ase wɔ mfe anum akyi wɔ bere a wɔahu sɛ wɔanya bi no. Eyi gyina nneɛma pii so, a nea ɛka ho ne yare no ko ne sɛnea wɔyɛ wɔn ade wɔ ayaresa ho.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ m’akwahosan so?

Sɛ wowɔ multiple myeloma a, ebia worenhia ayaresa ntɛm ara – anaasɛ da biara. Wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ bra mu nkɔhwɛ wo daa. Eyi yɛ de hwɛ sɛ wo tebea no asesa abɛyɛ multiple myeloma anaa. Sɛ́ wobɛtra ase a wowɔ multiple myeloma no betumi ayɛ adwennwen ne dadwen . Ebia wubesusuw sɛ, “Oo, me yam a anka metumi ayɛ eyi ho biribi.” Ɛno yɛ ade a ɛyɛ daa. Nanso nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de ahwɛ w’akwahosan nyinaa so:

• Di aduan a ɛkari pɛ. Sɛ wunnim eyi yiye a, kɔ aduannuru ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn.
• Sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔnom sigaret a, yɛsrɛ wo bɔ mmɔden sɛ wubegyae.
• Nya ahomegye a ɛdɔɔso.
• Bɔ wo ho ban fi nyarewa ho. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no akwan a wobɛfa so asiw nyarewa ano.
• Yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa.Nanso, di kan ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa na bisa apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ko a ɛfata wo ne dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ. Ɛnyɛ papa sɛ wobɛyɛ pii nso.
• Hwɛ w’adwene mu akwahosan nso. Sɛ wote awerɛhow anaa woayɛ basaa wɔ wo tebea no ho a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm. Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛka akyerɛ wɔn, titiriw sɛ awerɛhow anaa adwenemhaw no kyɛ bɛboro adapɛn abien anaasɛ esiw wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow kwan a.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wowɔ (SMM) a, nsɛm bi a wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo ni:

• Adɛn nti na eyi too me?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na eyi ka me da biara da asetra?
• Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na multiple myeloma anya?
• So sɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ multiple myeloma, na ɛsɛ sɛ mihu?
• So ayaresa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde besiw tebea no (SMM) ano na ankɔyɛ multiple myeloma?

Awiei koraa no, nea ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM) yɛ tebea a ɛba ansa na kokoram aba wɔ multiple myeloma (MM) ho. Nanso, ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ SMM na obenya active multiple myeloma. Nnipa a wɔwɔ SMM taa pɛ sɛ wohu sɛ ebia wobenya active multiple myeloma, na sɛ ɛte saa a, bere bɛn. Eyinom yɛ nsɛmmisa a ɛyɛ den ankasa sɛ wobebua. Nnuruyɛfo nnyaa mmuae no nyinaa de besi nnɛ.

Nanso, nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ nnansa yi kyerɛ sɛ ɛdenam nsakrae a ɛba awosu mu nkwaadɔm bi mu a wɔyɛ ho mfonini so no, ebia wobetumi ahyɛ nkɔm akodu baabi sɛ ebia (SMM) bɛkɔ so abɛyɛ multiple myeloma, na sɛ ɛte saa a, bere bɛn.

Sɛ wowɔ saa tebea yi a, bisa wo duruyɛfo sɛ ebia nsɛm foforo bi wɔ hɔ a ɛfa wo tebea no ho anaa. Wɔn ani begye kɛse sɛ wɔbɛboa wo. Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubedi wo duruyɛfo afotu akyi na woakɔ so ayɛ den wɔ w’adwene mu.

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