Momma yensua biribiara fa thyroid hormone a ɛhwɛ wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra so no ho!

So ɛtɔ da bi a wote nka sɛ wo nipadua no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye kɛkɛ, anaasɛ wobrɛ paa? Anaasɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nka sɛ wo nipadua retu mmirika wɔ w’adwene anim, na wote nka sɛ wo ho yeraw wo kɛse? Ade biako nti a saa nneɛma yi ba no betumi ayɛ ade ketewaa bi, nanso ɛho hia yiye wɔ wo nipadua mu. Ɛno ne thyroid hormone no. Ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka nea saa thyroid hormone yi yɛ, nea ɛyɛ yɛn nipadua, ne ɔhaw ahorow a ɛde ne nsakrae ba no ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne Thyroid Hormone? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Fa wo nipadua sɛ afiri kɛse bi. Thyroid hormone yɛ ade titiriw a ɛsakra a ɛhwɛ sɛnea afiri yi yɛ adwuma ntɛmntɛm, kyerɛ sɛ, nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no . Saa hormone yi ho hia na ama akokoaa ketewa amemene anyin.

Wunim onii a ɔyɛ saa hormone yi? Ɛyɛ ntini ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ ntontom wɔ honam ani wɔ wo kɔn anim. Yɛfrɛ no thyroid ntini . Ɛyɛ yɛn nipadua no endocrine nhyehyɛe no fã .

Hormone ahorow te sɛ abɔfo a wɔretu mmirika afa yɛn nipadua mu. Wɔnam mogya no mu na wɔka nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ kyerɛ akwaa ahorow, ntini ahorow, ne ntini afoforo.

Seesei yɛreka nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra ho asɛm . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ den a ɛma aduan a yedi no dan ahoɔden. Yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa biara hia ahoɔden na ama atumi ayɛ adwuma.

Nokwarem no, sɛ yɛka sɛ "thyroid hormone" a, na yɛreka hormone atitiriw abien ho asɛm. Wɔn ne thyroxine (Thyroxine - T4) ne triiodothyronine (Triiodothyronine - T3) . Yɛtaa frɛ saa abien yi bom "thyroid hormone". Wunim dɛn? Mpɛn pii no, hormone T4 no nyɛ adwuma kɛse, na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ennya nkwammoaa so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Nanso hormone T3 na ɛyɛ adwuma sen biara. Sɛ T4 fi thyroid ntini no mu a, yɛn nipadua no mu akwaa ahorow bi dan no T3. Ɛno ansa na ebetumi aka nkwammoaa ne yɛn nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no.

Ade foforo nso ne sɛ, thyroid ntini no nso yi hormone bi a wɔfrɛ no calcitonin . Ɛhwɛ calcium dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu so na ɛtew so. Nanso, calcitonin nka edin "thyroid hormone" no ho, na ɛnka yɛn nipadua no mu nneɛma a ɛsakra te sɛ T3 ne T4.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔhwɛ thyroid hormone dodow yi so? Ɛyɛ adwinnade a ɛyɛ nwonwa yiye!

Wɔhwɛ T4 ne T3 hormone ahorow yi a wɔyɛ ne nea efi mu ba no so wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ den yiye so, nanso ɛyɛ fɛ yiye. Yɛfrɛ no feedback loop nhyehyɛe . Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ:

• Hypothalamus : Eyi wɔ w’amemene mu. Ɛhwɛ nneɛma te sɛ mogya mmoroso, koma bɔ, nipadua mu hyew, ne aduan a wɔyam.
• Pituitary gland : Eyi nso yɛ ntini ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ amemene no ase, wɔ hypothalamus ase. Ne kɛse bɛyɛ sɛ pea. Ɛma hormone ahorow bɛyɛ awotwe na ɛyi fi mu.
• Thyroid gland : Nwansena a yɛadi kan aka ne ho asɛm no.
• Hormone kakraa bi bio.

Fa no sɛ eyi te sɛ nea woreyɛ adwuma wɔ adwumakuw kɛse bi mu.

1. Nea edi kan no, hypothalamus (te sɛ ɔpanyin kɛse bi) a ɛwɔ amemene no mu no ma hormone bi a wɔfrɛ no Thyroid-Releasing Hormone (TRH) a ɛma hormone a ɛkanyan thyroid no fi adi .

2. Saa TRH yi kɔ pituitary gland (te sɛ ɔpanyin boafo) na ɛka kyerɛ no sɛ ɔnyɛ thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) na nyi mfi mu .

3. Afei saa TSH yi kɔ thyroid gland (te sɛ odwumayɛni) na ɛka kyerɛ no sɛ ɔnyɛ T4 ne T3. Nnuru a wɔyɛ no saa kwan yi so no bɛyɛ 80% yɛ T4, na 20% a aka no yɛ T3. Sɛ thyroid ntini no bɛyɛ saa T4 ne T3 yi a, ehia aduannuru bi a wɔfrɛ no iodine nso . Yenya fi aduan a yedi mu.

Afei nea wɔfrɛ no ``feedback loop'' na ɛhwɛ saa hormone nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn yi so. Ɛne sɛ, sɛ T3 ne T4 dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu kɔ soro a, ɛkɔ hypothalamus ne pituitary na ɛka sɛ, "Okay, enough, gyae TRH ne TSH yɛ." Sɛ T3 ne T4 dodow so tew a, saa adeyɛ yi fi ase bio. Eyi ne ɔkwan a yebetumi afa so ama thyroid hormone dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no akɔ so ayɛ kɛse.

Fa no sɛ AC a ɛwɔ wo fie no. Sɛ dan no mu yɛ nwini a, AC no dum, na sɛ dan no mu yɛ hyew a, ɛsɔ.

Nanso, sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ hypothalamus, pituitary gland, anaa thyroid gland no mu a, hormone ahorow a T3 ne T4 ka ho a ɛkari pɛ no betumi asɛe.

Dɛn na thyroid hormone yɛ yɛn nipadua? Anaasɛ, wɔn dwumadi!

Bere a T4 fi thyroid ntini no mu kɔ mogya no mu akyi no, yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa bi dan no T3. Wɔfrɛ saa adeyɛ yi de-iodination (iodine a woyi fi hɔ). Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ nkwammoaa a thyroid hormone nya wɔn so nkɛntɛnso no tumi de T3 di dwuma yiye sen T4. Ɛno nti na yebu T4 sɛ hormone a ɛnyɛ adwuma na T3 yɛ hormone a ɛyɛ adwuma no.

Ntini, ntini, akwaa, ne nhyehyɛe ahorow a ebetumi adan T4 ayɛ no T3 ne:

• Brɛboɔ
• Asaabo a ɛma obi nya asaabo
• Ntini ahorow
• Thyroid ntini `(Thyroid)`
• Pituitary ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
• Brown adipose tissue (saa srade ntini yi boa ma nipadua no hyew kɔ so yɛ hyew wɔ tebea horow a awɔw wom mu) .
• Ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini

Enti, saa T3 ne T4 hormone ahorow yi ka nkwammoaa ne akwaa biara a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Wɔka no dɛn?

• Wo nipadua no na ɛhwɛ sɛnea ɛde calories (ahoɔden) di dwuma ntɛmntɛm no so. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no . Eyi ka sɛ ebia wo mu duru so tew anaasɛ wobɛkɔ soro. Nnipa binom ka sɛ ɛmfa ho sɛnea wodi no, wɔn mu duru nkɔ soro, na afoforo nso ka sɛ sɛ wodi kakra mpo a, wɔn mu duru yɛ kɛse. Eyi betumi ayɛ ade biako nti a ɛte saa.
• Wo koma bɔ brɛoo na ɛkɔ soro.
• Ɛbrɛ nipadua mu hyew ase na ɛma ɛkɔ soro. Nnipa binom te nka sɛ awɔw wom ara kwa, bere a afoforo nso te nka sɛ wɔn ho fifiri retu kɛkɛ.
• Ɛka ahoɔhare a aduan fa aduan mu no.
• Ɛka amemene no nkɔso (titiriw wɔ mmofraase).
• Ɔhwɛ sɛnea ntini ahorow twetwe no so.
• Ɛma honam ani nnompe ne nnompe kɔ so tra hɔ. Ɛne sɛ, ɛhwɛ sɛnea wɔyɛ nkwammoaa foforo a wɔde besi nkwammoaa a awuwu ananmu no so (eyi yɛ ade a ɛfata).

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔyɛ de hwɛ sɛnea thyroid no te?

Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi ayɛ de ahwɛ sɛnea wo thyroid no te na wɔahwɛ sɛ wo thyroid gland no reyɛ adwuma yiye anaa. Wɔtaa frɛ eyinom thyroid dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu . Wɔn titiriw ne:

• Total T4 sɔhwɛ `(Total T4 sɔhwɛ)`
• T4 (FT4) sɔhwɛ a wontua hwee
• T3 sɔhwɛ nyinaa `(T3 sɔhwɛ nyinaa)`
• T3 (Ft3) sɔhwɛ a wontua hwee
• Thyroid a ɛkanyan hormone sɔhwɛ `(TSH sɔhwɛ)`

Wo duruyɛfo nso betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo, sɛ nhwɛso no:

• Thyroid antibodies : Eyinom boa ma wohu thyroid tebea ahorow a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa.
• Thyroglobulin : Wɔde nhwehwɛmu yi di dwuma de hu thyroiditis na wɔhwɛ sɛnea wɔsa thyroid kokoram.

Sɛ thyroid hormone ahorow no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, nyarewa bɛn na ɛba?

Tebea ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a thyroid hormone dodow a ɛnteɛ na ɛde ba, anaasɛ ɛboa ma ɛba. Thyroid yare abu so kɛse. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ mmea betumi anya thyroid yare sen mmarima mmɔho anum kosi awotwe .

Thyroid tebea atitiriw ne:

• Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) : Eyi ne bere a nipadua no ntumi nyɛ thyroid hormone a ɛdɔɔso. Biribiara a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no fi ase yɛ adwuma nkakrankakra.
• Hashimoto yare : Eyi yɛ tebea a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ yɛn nipadua no ankasa nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ thyroid ntini no so. Eyi ma obi nya hypothyroidism.
• Hyperthyroidism (thyroid gland a ɛyɛ adwuma boro so) : Eyi ne bere a thyroid gland no yɛ thyroid hormone pii dodo, na ɛma biribiara a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu yɛ adwuma ntɛmntɛm dodo.
• Graves yare : Eyi nso yɛ tebea a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a ɛde hyperthyroidism ba.
• Thyroiditis (thyroid ntini a ɛyɛ hyew/honhon) .
• Thyroid ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu .
• Goiter (thyroid gland a ɛyɛ kɛse/kon mu a ɛho ahonhon).
• Thyroid kokoram .

Wokae bere a yɛkaa hypothalamus ne pituitary gland ho asɛm no? Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛba saa ntini ahorow no so nso betumi ama thyroid hormone dodow asakra, efisɛ ɛboa ma thyroid hormone ahorow no yɛ adwuma yiye.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn fa thyroid hormone ho?

Mpɛn pii no, sɛ thyroid hormone dodow nyɛ nea ɛfata a, ɛda adi wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a yehu mu. Thyroid hormone ahorow na ɛhwɛ sɛnea yɛn nipadua no mu nneɛma yɛ adwuma ntɛmntɛm no so. Enti, sɛ thyroid hormone kɔ soro a, ahoɔhare no kɔ soro sen sɛnea ɛte daa, na sɛ ɛso tew a , ahoɔhare no so tew. Saa nneɛma a ɛnkari pɛ yi betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Mu duru a ɛkɔ soro anaasɛ ɛso tew a ntease biara nnim.
• Koma a ɛbɔ so tew anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro.
• Awɔw anaa ɔhyew a wontumi nnyina ano. (Wɔ ɔman te sɛ Sri Lanka mpo mu no, sɛ wote nka sɛ awɔw/ɔhyew titiriw sen afoforo a.)
• Wora a ɛyɛ nwunu anaasɛ nsu a ɛkɔ soro.
• Mmea brayɛ a ɛnkɔ so daa.
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ woabrɛ paa, anaasɛ wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho yeraw wo kɛkɛ.
• Tebea horow te sɛ akisikuru anaa akisikuru.
• Wo werɛ fi, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛma w’adwene akɔ baabiara.

Sɛ wowɔ saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Wobetumi ayɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den bi de ahwɛ sɛ ebia wo thyroid hormone dodow no anyɛ yiye anaa.

Awiei koraa no, nneɛma kakraa bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Thyroid hormone yɛ hormone a ɛho hia paa a ɛka nneɛma pii wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebetumi aba fam dodo anaa akɔ soro dodo wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Asɛmpa no ne sɛ wobetumi asa thyroid tebea horow pii yiye.

Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛfa thyroid hormone ho, anaasɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu sɛ ebia wowɔ asiane bi a ɛbɛma woanya thyroid yare bi a, nsuro sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa. Wɔwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo. Wo nipadua a wobɛhwɛ so yiye na woahu sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ hɔ ntɛm anaa no ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so abɔ bra pa.

` thyroid hormone, thyroid hormone, nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, TSH, T3, T4