When you hear the word “ Amphetamine ,” you probably think of an illegal drug. But did you know that these are also a very valuable class of drugs that, when prescribed by a doctor, are used to treat a number of conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD )? So today, let’s dispel any fears and doubts about them and talk about what they really are, how they work, and what you need to be careful about when using them.
What exactly are these amphetamines?
Simply put, amphetamines are a class of drugs that stimulate our central nervous system , that is, the brain and spinal cord. They make our bodies more active.
Imagine that our brains have little messengers that carry information back and forth. We call these neurotransmitters . What these drugs do is they increase the release of these messengers, called dopamine and norepinephrine , in the body. Not only that, they also make these messengers stay in the body for longer.
As a result of this, you may experience things like:
- You will be able to stay more alert and focused.
- It's easy to focus on a task.
- The body feels good and energetic.
- Appetite decreases.
- A happy, positive feeling comes to mind.
The most important thing is to take this medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor, in the correct dosage . If you use it incorrectly, that is, if you take too much, or if you take it in other ways (e.g., smoking, injecting), you can get a “high.” It can be abused as a drug and lead to addiction. However, if you take it exactly as your doctor tells you, the risk of addiction is very low.
What diseases is this medicine used for?
There are several types of amphetamines, and even more brand names, that are used to treat a variety of conditions.
| Type of amphetamine | Conditions treated |
|---|---|
| Amphetamines and amphetamine mixtures (e.g. Adderall®) | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, obesity |
| Dextroamphetamine | ADHD, Narcolepsy, Obesity |
| Lisdexamfetamine (e.g. Vyvanse®) | ADHD, Binge-eating disorder |
| Methamphetamine | ADHD (very rare) |
| Phentermine | Obesity (short-term) |
Other uses in medicine
In addition to these main uses, some amphetamines are also used for other things. For example:
- Hydroxyamphetamine: Contains eye drops that dilate the pupil before examining the retina .
- Levmetamfetamine:It is contained in some nasal sprays used to treat nasal congestion.
The difference between Amphetamine and Methamphetamine (“Ice”)
When most people hear the name Methamphetamine, they think of the illegal drug “Ice.” Although the chemical structure of the two is similar, there are significant differences.
- Strength: Methamphetamine is a significantly more powerful drug than amphetamine .
- Action: The effects of methamphetamine occur more quickly than those of amphetamine.
- Medical recommendation: Due to the side effects and high risk of addiction, doctors rarely prescribe methamphetamine, and only when no other medication works for ADHD.
What are the side effects?
Like any medication, amphetamines can cause side effects. While most of these are minor, there are some things to be aware of.
| Possible side effects of amphetamine use | |
|---|---|
| Headache, dizziness | Insomnia or sleep problems |
| Decreased appetite (may cause weight loss) | Increased heart rate or blood pressure |
| Restlessness, irritability | Nausea, vomiting, stomach ache |
| Decreased blood flow to the limbs (coldness of the limbs, change in color – Raynaud's phenomenon) | Vision changes (blurred vision) |
| Severe allergy (Anaphylaxis) – difficulty breathing, facial swelling | Chest pain (angina), abnormal heartbeat (palpitations) |
| Psychosis | Serotonin syndrome – excessive sweating, confusion, tremors |
| Finger injuries for no reason | Teeth grinding (Bruxism), skin picking (Dermatillomania) |
If you experience any of these serious side effects, tell your doctor immediately. In case of an emergency, such as difficulty breathing, go to the nearest hospital Emergency Department (ETU).
Can there be problems with other medications and alcohol?
Yes, absolutely. Amphetamines can interact with many other drugs. In particular:
- MAOI antidepressants
- Blood pressure medication
- Antacids
- Insulin and other diabetes medications
- Other drugs that increase serotonin levels
Therefore, it is imperative to inform your doctor about any other medication, vitamin, or even Ayurvedic medicine you are taking.
Also, avoid drinking alcohol while taking amphetamines. The combination of the two can cause unwanted and dangerous effects.
The "crash" you feel when the effects of the medication wear off
Some people may experience sudden fatigue, irritability, restlessness, and difficulty concentrating as the effects of the medication wear off over a few hours. This is called a “crash.” While this is normal, if it’s interfering with your daily activities, talk to your doctor about it. He or she may be able to adjust your dosage or switch you to an extended-release form that works throughout the day.
Take-Home Message
- Amphetamine is a drug that is prescribed by a doctor to treat a number of conditions, including ADHD. Don't be unnecessarily afraid of it.
- Most importantly: Take the dose your doctor prescribes, at the right time, and in the right way. Never change the dose yourself.
- Never give your prescribed medication to someone else. It is illegal and could be dangerous for that person.
- Be aware of side effects. If you notice anything unusual, talk to your doctor immediately.
- Tell your doctor about all other medications you are taking. Avoid alcohol completely.
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