Sometimes, due to various diseases or after surgery, we may be unable to urinate on our own. Then, doctors use a method to remove urine . Most people only know about the catheter that is usually inserted through the urethra. But did you know that a small incision can be made in the lower abdomen and a tube can be inserted directly into the bladder? That's what we call a Suprapubic Catheter .
What is Suprapubic Catheter (SPC)?
Simply put, a Suprapubic Catheter (SPC) is a thin, flexible rubber or plastic tube. Doctors use it to drain urine from your bladder when you can't urinate on your own. Many people think that this can only be done by passing a tube up your urethra . But with this SPC procedure, your doctor makes a small incision in your lower abdomen and inserts the tube directly into your bladder.
SPC is generally very safe, with a low risk of complications . Many people prefer it because it is easier to insert than a traditional catheter. Also, sometimes an SPC is a good option if a catheter cannot be inserted using other methods due to a urinary tract injury.
Why would someone want to put a pipe like this?
You can use this tube to drain urine whenever you are unable to urinate on your own. Below are some of the medical conditions that can cause this.
| Condition or cause | A simple explanation |
|---|---|
| Urinary incontinence | Urinating when you don't want to. |
| Prostate issues | Benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer. |
| Spinal cord injury | Bladder dysfunction due to spinal cord injuries. |
| Surgery | After surgery on the prostate or genital areas. |
| Diseases of the nervous system | Conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson's disease. |
| Urethral stricture | Blockage of the urinary tract due to previous infections or accidents. |
How do I insert this tube? Will it hurt?
This procedure is not as big as you might think. First, the doctor will take a scan (X-rays or ultrasound) of your bladder and the surrounding area to find the safest place to insert the tube. Sometimes, parts of our small intestine can pass near the bladder.
Then, the skin in the lower abdomen where the tube will be inserted will be thoroughly cleaned with an antiseptic solution. Next, the area will be numbed (local anesthetic) so that you will not feel any pain. Sometimes you may be given general anesthesia.
After the area is numb, the doctor makes a very small incision in the skin and inserts the SPC tube into the bladder. As soon as the tube is inserted, urine begins to flow out of it and collect in the bag attached to it. To prevent the tube from coming out, a small balloon-like part at the inner end is inflated with clean water. In addition, a small stitch is placed in the skin to secure the tube. Finally, a bandage is applied over the wound to protect against infection.
The entire process takes less than 20 minutes . If you need to use this tube for a long time, your doctor or nurse will show you or a family member how to safely change it.
How to care for this suprapubic catheter at home?
The most important thing when wearing this tube is to keep the area around it clean .
Cleaning the wound and its surroundings
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before handling the tube or changing the bag. This will help prevent the spread of germs. At least once a day, gently clean the area around the tube with soap and water and pat dry with a clean towel.
Also, remove the bandage and check it every day for signs of infection.
| Symptoms to look for in case of infection | |
|---|---|
| Pain | Unusual pain at and around the insertion site. |
| Swelling and redness | Skin swelling or discoloration (redness). |
| Pus | Yellow or green fluid (pus) draining from the wound. |
If you notice any of these symptoms, call your doctor immediately.
How to change the catheter bag
Changing the bag is very easy. Follow these steps:
1. First, wash your hands thoroughly with soap.
2. Empty the urine in the used bag into the toilet.
3. To stop urine from coming out of the tube, pinch the tube with your fingers. Then remove the old bag.
4. Wipe the end of the tube (port) with soapy water or an antiseptic wipe.
5. Clean the connecting end of the new bag in the same way and connect it to the tube.
6. Check to see if the tube is twisted or stuck anywhere.
7. Finally, wash your hands thoroughly with soap again.
How long should I keep this tube?
It depends on your condition. You may only need to keep it on until you are well. But if you have to use it for a long time, you should change the tube at least every 4 weeks .
Also, to prevent blood clots from forming inside the tube, you should flush the tube with sterile water at least once a day. Your doctor will give you more information about this.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a suprapubic catheter?
Like any medical device, this one has both benefits and risks.
| Benefits | Disadvantages / Risks |
|---|---|
| By keeping the bladder empty regularly, you can prevent severe pain, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and kidney damage. | The pipe is coming loose. |
| More comfortable and convenient than a regular catheter. | Urine leakage due to blockage of the tube. |
| Being able to have sex while wearing this tube. | Occurrence of urinary tract infections (UTIs). |
| Pain due to bladder muscle contraction (bladder spasm). | |
| Leakage of urine around the tube, bleeding, and formation of bladder stones. |
When should I see a doctor immediately?
If you have any questions or problems with this tube, talk to your doctor without delay. Seek medical advice immediately, especially if you have the following symptoms:
| Situations that require immediate attention | |
|---|---|
| Fever | If the body temperature is higher than 100.5°F (38°C). |
| Urine leakage | If urine comes out from around the tube. |
| Stomach pain | If you feel a sharp pain in your stomach or a feeling of fullness. |
| Blood in the urine | If there are blood clots or visible blood in the urine (hematuria). |
| Incontinence | If there is very little urine coming into the bag or if it has stopped completely. |
| Removing the pipe | If the suprapubic catheter comes out on its own. |
What is the difference between a Foley Catheter and a Suprapubic Catheter?
Simply put, a conventional Foley catheter is inserted along your urethra. However, a Suprapubic catheter is inserted through a cut in your lower abdomen and directly into your bladder.
Take-Home Message
- A suprapubic catheter is a tube that is inserted directly into the bladder from the lower abdomen and used to drain urine.
- This is easier and more comfortable to use for long periods of time than the usual method.
- It is essential to keep the tube site and surrounding area clean to prevent infection.
- Follow your doctor's instructions exactly. Be aware of how to change and clean the tube.
- If you experience any signs of infection, severe pain, or a blockage or leakage of the tube, see a doctor without delay.
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