Nukae nye myelin-kplu sia si ƒo xlã míaƒe lãmekawo? Mina míaƒo nu tso eŋu tsitotsito!

Èbu alesi dɔla sue siwo le míaƒe ŋutilã me, siwo nye lãmekawo, wɔa dɔ kabakaba eye wodze aɖaŋue ŋu kpɔa? Le nyateƒe me la, lãmeka siae kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe míaƒe ŋutilã bliboa dzi, tso alesi míebua tamee dzi va ɖo alesi míeʋuʋua míaƒe abɔwo kple afɔwo dzi. Eyata egbea míele nu ƒom tso nu vevi aɖe ŋutɔ si kpena ɖe lãmeka siawo ŋu be woawɔ dɔ nyuie ŋu. Emae nye Myelin ƒe Akɔtaɖonu .

Nukae nye Myelin ƒe Akɔtaɖonu? Mina míase egɔme bɔbɔe!

Kpuie ko la, myelin ƒe akɔta nye ametakpɔnu si xatsa ɖe míaƒe lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbevi ɖesiaɖe (si míeyɔna hã be `(Neuron)`) ŋu. Ele abe asigɛ sue aɖe ene. Wotsɔ ami (i.e. `(Lipids)`) kple proteinwo wɔe. Nutsyɔnu sia tsyɔa lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi ƒe akpa vevitɔ si nye "atike" si woyɔna be axon . Bu eŋu abe elektrikka si le míaƒe aƒewo me ene. Plastik-kplo aɖe le eŋu ƒo xlã akɔbli kaawo. Aleae myelin-kplu sia kpɔa lãmekawo ta eye wòkpena ɖe wo ŋu wowɔa dɔ nyuie.

Nukawoe nye ahɔhɔ̃meka ƒe akpa aɖewo? Ele abe ati ene!

Hafi míaƒo nu geɖe tso myelin ƒe akɔta ŋu la, mina míase nusi lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi nye kple eƒe akpawo gɔme. Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwoe wɔa míaƒe lãmekawo . Lãmetsiŋusẽ sia le abe nyatakakawo ɖɔliɖɔliƒe vevitɔ le míaƒe ŋutilã me ene. Exɔa nyatakakawo tso ŋutilãa ƒe akpa sia akpa, ewɔa nu ɖe ​​wo ŋu, eye wòtrɔna ɖe nusiwo le edzi yim le ŋutilãa me kple egodo ŋu. Ne míebu lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi ŋu la, akpa vevi etɔ̃e le eŋu. Tsɔe be lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi le abe ati ene : 1. Soma alo Lãmenugbagbevi ƒe Ŋutilã: Esia le abe ati ƒe ke ene. Dendrites , siwo le abe soma ƒe kewo ene, xɔa "nunyiamewo" tso anyigba me. Gake le afisia la, "nunyiamewo" nye atikewo ƒe gbedasi siwo tsoa lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi bubu siwo te ɖe wo ŋu gbɔ. Emegbe wotrɔa gbedasi siawo wozua elektrikŋusẽ. Lãmenugbagbevi la ƒe nucleus hã le soma sia me. 2. Axon: Esia le abe ati ƒe ke didi ene. Abe alesi nunyiame siwo woxɔna tso ati ƒe kewo me yia atikutsetsea dzi ene la, axon la hã tsɔa elektrikŋusẽ si tso soma la me toa eŋu. 3. Axon Terminal: Esia le abe atikutsetse siwo le ati ƒe alɔwo ƒe nuwuwu ene. Agbawo kple aŋgbawo dona tso aŋgba siawo me. To mɔ sia dzi la, "ɖea asi le" elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ʋuʋudediwo ŋu tso axon ƒe nuwuƒe sia ale be lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi si kplɔe ɖo nate ŋu axɔ wo. Nuwɔna sia yia edzi vaseɖe esime gbedasia ɖo wò ahɔhɔ̃, aklã , alo wò ŋutilã ƒe akpa bubuwo gbɔ. Nusi dona tso emee nye nuwo abe lãmeka siwo ƒoa ƒu be woaʋuʋu wò alɔnu, akpe ɖe ŋuwò nàgbɔ ya, alo ana wò dzi naƒo. Fifia ɖewohĩ lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi ƒe wɔwɔme vevi aɖe ƒe susu vi aɖe le asiwò.

Nukae dzɔna ɖe Myelin Sheath dzi?

Dɔ vevi etɔ̃ le myelin-kploa ŋu:

• Ametakpɔkpɔ: Abe alesi megblɔe va yi ene la, ami-protein ƒe nutsyɔnu sia naa ametakpɔnu si xea mɔ na lãmeka ƒe lãmenugbagbevi la, abe alesi aŋekotoku si wotsɔ blaa elektrikka ƒe kawoe ene.
• Dzeɖoɖo kabakaba: Esia tae elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ʋuʋu tso lãmeka ɖeka me yi bubu me kabakaba ŋutɔ eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie ɖo . Ne menye myelin o la, mɔzɔzɔ sia anɔ blewu ŋutɔ.
• Nusiwo ʋãa ame ƒe ŋusẽ me léle ɖe asi: Myelin-kplo sia kpena ɖe ame ŋu be gbedasia ƒe ŋusẽ nanɔ anyi ne ele zɔzɔm to axon la dzi.

Lãmenugbagbevi siwo woyɔna be oligodendrocytes le míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ kple aklã me (si míeyɔna be Central Nervous System (CNS) . Nenema ke Schwann lãmenugbagbevi siwo le míaƒe Peripheral Nervous System (lãmenugbagbevi siwo le titina lãmekawo godo ƒe kadodo, si kaka ɖe ŋutilã bliboa me) ye wɔa myelin.Lãmetsi siawoe ɖoa gbedasiwo ɖe titina lãmekawo kple lãmekawo dome ŋutilã ƒe akpa mamlɛa.

Nukae woyɔna be dometsotso siwo le myelin ƒe akɔta?

Mègabu myelin-kploa be enye nutsyɔnu si nɔa anyi ɖaa, si le ɣie o. Ao, ele abe keteke didi aɖe si me aɖakawo le ene. Afisi aɖaka ɖeka wu enu le eye aɖaka si kplɔe ɖo dze egɔme le la, dometsotso sue aɖe le afima. Nenema ke myelin ka siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo siwo ma tso wo nɔewo gbɔe le myelin ƒe akɔta. Woyɔa myelin ka siawo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe be internode . Woyɔa dometsotso sue siawo siwo le myelin ka eve dome be Ranvier ƒe nodes . Sodium ion nyui gbogbo aɖewo le Ranvier ƒe lãkusi siawo me. Ne elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dzesi, alo ʋuʋudedi aɖe zɔ to axon la dzi la, edzona tso Ranvier ƒe nugbɔ ɖeka yia bubu dzi. Ne etso dometsotso sia la, sodium ions la gadea elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dzesia me. Emegbe dzesia ate ŋu ayi edzi anɔ zɔzɔm evɔ eƒe dzoxɔxɔ mabu alo ŋusẽ maganɔ eŋu o. Enye mɔ̃ wɔnuku aɖe ŋutɔ, alo?

Nukae dzɔna ne myelin ƒe akɔtaɖonu la gblẽ?

Wogblɔ be lãmenugbagbevi siwo ade biliɔn 100 ye le míaƒe ŋutilã me. Esiawo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe nɔa dɔ dzi ɣesiaɣi, ɖoa gbedasiwo ɖa hexɔa wo, eye wòkpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe míaƒe ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖesiaɖe dzi. Bu nusi adzɔ ne myelin-kplu si ƒo xlã lãmeka siawo dome gblẽ ŋu kpɔ. Emegbe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dzesia ƒe duƒuƒu dzi aɖe akpɔtɔ, alo ate ŋu atɔ kura. Susu vevi siwo ta myelin gblẽna dometɔ ɖekae nye dɔlélenutsiŋutete si le míaƒe ŋutilã me.Lãmenugbagbeviawo susuna vodadatɔe be myelin nye nusi tso gota. Emegbe míaƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete dzea myelin dzi dzedze gɔme. Esia nana be dɔlékuiwutikewo dona, siwo gblẽa nu le myelin la ŋu. Mlɔeba la, lãmenugbagbevi siwo wɔa myelin (oligodendrocytes kple Schwann lãmenugbagbeviwo) hã kuna. Woyɔa myelin ƒe akɔta ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃ sia be demyelination . Le afisi wodze myelin la dzi le nu la, wò dzesiwo ato vovo.

Dɔléle kawoe gblẽa nu le myelin ŋu?

Dɔléle geɖe li siwo gblẽa nu le myelin ŋu. Ðewohĩ èse dɔléle siawo dometɔ aɖewo ŋu nya kpɔ.

Dɔléle siwo gblẽa nu le myelin ŋu le lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ (CNS) me:

Dɔléle si bɔ wu si ŋu ame akpa gãtɔ se, si dzea lãmeka siwo le titina (si nye ahɔhɔ̃ kple aklã) ƒe myelin dzi lae nye lãmekawo ƒe ʋuʋu . Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, dɔléle bubu geɖe li siwo gblẽa nu le lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe myelin ŋu:

• Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Esia nye dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si mebɔ o, si nu sẽ, si nu sẽ, si dzɔna le lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me.
• Schilder ƒe Sclerosis: Wogayɔnae be ``Diffuse Myelinoclastic Sclerosis'', esia nye ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔléle si mebɔ o si dzɔna ɖe ɖeviwo dzi.
• Transverse Myelitis: Esia nye dɔléle si dɔlélenutsiŋutete ŋutɔ wɔna si naa aklã ƒe dɔdzẽ.
• Neuromyelitis Optica: Le esia me la, dɔlélenutsiŋutete dzea ŋku kple aklã ƒe lãmekawo dzi to dɔlékuiwutikewo dzi .
• Optic Neuritis : Esia lɔ ŋku ƒe lãmeka ƒe dɔdzẽ hã ɖe eme.
• Tumefactive Demyelination : Esia nye abi ɖeka si gblẽa nu le myelin ŋu si lolo wu sentimeta 2.

Dɔléle siwo gblẽa nu le myelin ŋu le lãmeka siwo le gota gome:

• Guillain-Barre Dɔléle: Dzesi siawo ate ŋu adze le dɔlékui aɖe xɔxɔ vɔ megbe alo, ƒã ŋutɔ la, le atikewɔmɔnu vɔ megbe.
• Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy ( CIDP ): Esia nye dɔléle si dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete hena vɛ si yia ŋgɔ eye wòdzea myelin dzi.
• Paraproteinemic Demyelinating Neuropathy: Esia nye ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔléle ƒomevi aɖe si do ƒome kple dɔlékuiwutike si do ƒome kple kansa ƒe anyinɔnɔ.
• Charcot Marie Aɖudɔléle ƒomevi 1 kple ƒomevi X: Esia nye ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔléle si ƒe dome wonyi.
• Akɔbli ƒe Agbɔsɔsɔ: Ne akɔbli ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le sue la, myelin megakpɔa ame ta o eye wòte ŋu gblẽna bɔbɔe.

Nɔnɔme bubu kawoe ate ŋu agblẽ nu le myelin ŋu?

Susu bubuwo hã li siwo tae myelin ƒe akɔta ate ŋu agblẽ alo atsrɔ̃ le ame tsitsiwo gome ɖo:

• Ʋusɔgbɔdɔ
• Dɔlékuiwo, Dɔlélenutsiŋutete kple Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe Dɔlélewo (`(Metabolic Disorders)`)
• Aɖi ƒomeviwo
• Vitamin B12 ƒe Agbɔsɔsɔme
• Atike aɖewo, le kpɔɖeŋu me `(Ethambutol)`
• Ahanono fũu akpa

Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, le domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe dɔléle geɖe siwo mebɔ kura o me la, myelin ƒe akɔta mewɔa dɔ nyuie o. Kpɔɖeŋu aɖewoe nye Tay-Sachs Dɔléle , Gaucher Dɔléle , Hurler Dɔléle, kple Niemann-Pick Dɔléle .

Bu alesi gbegbe míaƒe ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ agblẽ ne woxe mɔ sesẽ siawo siwo tsɔa gbedasiwo le míaƒe ŋutilã me, abe alesi míetsi ʋuwo me ene ŋu kpɔ. Esia tae myelin ƒe akɔta ƒe lãmesẽ le vevie ŋutɔ ɖo.

Ðe woate ŋu aɖɔ nusiwo gblẽ le myelin ŋu ɖoa?

Esiae nye nyabiase si le ame geɖe si. Ẽ, woate ŋu adzra myelin si gblẽ ɖo , le lãmeka siwo le titina kple lãmeka siwo le gota siaa me. Gake ele vevie be woaɖu nusiwo nana myelin gblẽna, abe dɔdzẽ ene dzi, eye woazã dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe nutete/trɔtrɔ (le kpɔɖeŋu me , steroids , dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe globulin si wodona ɖe ʋuka me (IVIG) , kple atike bubuwo). Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo wɔ ŋgɔyiyi gã aɖe le mɔ siwo dzi woate ŋu ato ado myelin ɖɔɖɔɖo ɖe ŋgɔ la gɔmesese me. Togbɔ be numekuku aɖewo li siwo ŋugbe wodo hã la, womenya viɖe si gbegbe wokpɔ na dɔnɔwo ŋutɔŋutɔ haɖe o. Fifia la, atike aɖeke meli si dzi woda asi ɖo be woatsɔ adzra myelin ɖo o. Kpɔɖeŋu ʋɛ aɖewo siwo tso numekukuawo me koe nye esi:

• Akpa II ƒe dɔdamɔnu dodokpɔ sue aɖe ɖee fia be myelin ɖɔɖɔɖo ƒe ŋutete le clemastine si nye antihistamine si woano ŋu. Clemastine na elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dzesiwo ƒe kaka nyo ɖe edzi le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu ŋku ƒe lãmekawo gblẽ le ŋu. Dodokpɔ bubu si wowɔ le amegbetɔwo ŋu le gɔmedzedzea me ɖee fia be suklidɔtike si nye metformin kple clemastine ƒe ƒuƒoƒo kpe ɖe myelin ŋu wògawɔa yeye.
• LãmenugbagbeviwoTo mɔxexe ɖe molecule aɖe si le oligodendrocyte lãmenugbagbeviwo me, siwo wɔa myelin le titina lãmekawo me (esiawoe nye lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe ƒe "xɔtunu") me la, sisiblisi siwo ƒe dzesiwo le abe ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ene la te ŋu dzra woƒe myelin ɖo eye wohaya vaseɖe afi aɖe.
• Woyi edzi le numekuku wɔm tso ŋutete si le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu be woaɖɔ myelin ƒe gbegblẽ ɖo eye woana dɔlélea nayi edzi blewu la ŋu.
• Atike bubuwo ɖea ŋugbedodo fiana le lãmekawo takpɔkpɔ tso nugbegblẽ bubuwo me. Atike si tsia dzodzodzoetsitsi nu si nye ibudilast ɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe ku (atrophy) dzi kpɔtɔ ŋutɔ le Akpa II ƒe dodokpɔ aɖe me. Wokpɔe be asrãtike si nye phenytoin mele dedie o, si ɖea myelin ƒe nugbegblẽ dzi kpɔtɔna 30% ne wotsɔe sɔ kple atike si wotsɔ ɖɔa amee. Lipoic acid si tsia dzoxɔxɔ nu ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu be wòagagblẽ nu le lãmekawo ŋu o.

Gbedasi si Wotsɔ Yi Aƒeme

Eyata, àte ŋu akpɔ alesi gbegbe myelin-kplo sia le vevie na míaƒe lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie azɔ. Myelin hiã vevie be lãmeka biliɔn geɖe siawo siwo ɖoa dze kple míaƒe ŋutilã ƒe akpa ɖesiaɖe eye wokpɔa nusianu dzi la ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie.

• Myelin nye ametakpɔnu si wotsɔ ami kple protein siwo ƒo xlã lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo wɔ.
• Ekpena ɖe lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu wòzɔa mɔ kabakaba eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie.
• Ne myelin gblẽ la, ate ŋu ahe dɔléle sesẽwo abe lãmekawo ƒe ʋuʋu ene vɛ.
• Wole numekuku wɔm le mɔnu siwo dzi woato akpɔ dɔléle siwo gblẽa nu le myelin ŋu gbɔ ahadzra wo ɖo ŋu.

Dɔléle kple nɔnɔme geɖewo ate ŋu adze myelin dzi. Multiple sclerosis ye nye dɔléle si wonya nyuie wu le esiawo dome. Gake nya nyuiae nye be numekulawo le mɔ siwo dzi woato akpɔ myelin ta, adzrae ɖo, ahagbugbɔ awɔe la dim ɣesiaɣi. Eye wole ŋgɔyiyi aɖewo wɔm le esia wɔwɔ me. Eyata, mɔkpɔkpɔ li!

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Myelin, myelin sheath, lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo, ahɔhɔ̃mekawo, lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, titina lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, gotagome lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, demyelination, multiple sclerosis