Sometimes, when you have persistent stomach pain or bloating, your doctor may ask you to have a special X-ray test. Some people are a little scared when they hear the word "Barium Enema ." It's normal to wonder what this is going to do when you hear the name. But it's really nothing to be afraid of. So today, let's talk about what this test is, why it's done, and how to deal with it.
What does this test actually look for?
Simply put, this is an examination of your large intestine (colon). The large intestine is the last part of our digestive system. It is through this that our body eliminates waste products as feces.
In the past, this test was widely used to detect colorectal cancer . However, doctors are now turning to a more advanced method , colonoscopy , because even very small polyps that are not detected by the barium study can be clearly detected with a colonoscopy.
But that said, the barium study has not been completely eliminated. There are still cases where it is very useful.
For example, if your doctor suspects that you have inflammation in your colon, they may order this test. This is especially important to diagnose conditions like diverticulitis , which is when small pouches form in the wall of your colon and become infected .
How should I prepare before the test?
This is a question that worries many people. In order to get a clear image from this test, your colon must be completely empty and clean. It is essential to follow your doctor's instructions exactly.
This is what usually happens:
- Diet : Your doctor will tell you what you should and shouldn't eat for a few days before the test. Most often, you will be asked to reduce solid foods and switch to a liquid diet. Sometimes, you may be asked to stop eating solid foods altogether. Most of the time, you will need to drink soup, fruit juice (without chunks), and water.
- Colon cleansing: The night before the test, you will be given a special medicine, a laxative, to completely empty your colon. Sometimes you may also be asked to use an enema. This will help flush out everything in your colon. You will need to go to the bathroom frequently during this time. So it is best to stay home.
What happens during the test?
This test usually takes about 45 minutes. Don't worry, we'll walk you through how to do it step by step.
| Steps | Description of what is happening |
|---|---|
| 1. Preparation | You will be turned onto your side on a table in an X-ray room. Then a plain X-ray will be taken of your abdomen. |
| 2. Inserting the tube | Next, the X-ray technician will insert a small, flexible tube coated with lubricant into your rectum. This is not painful, but you may feel a little discomfort. |
| 3. Barium and air enema | A white liquid called barium sulfate is slowly passed through this tube into your large intestine. This liquid makes the inside of your intestine visible on an X-ray. Then a little air is blown into it. The intestine is then inflated and the inside wall is visible more clearly. |
| 4. Taking an X-ray | The barium liquid will be spread throughout your intestines and you will be asked to turn in different directions. Once you are in the correct position, you will be asked to hold your breath for a while. That is when the X-ray images will be taken. |
Discomfort during the test
At this time, you may feel a slight cramping in your stomach and a strong urge to defecate. This is normal. At this time, you will find relief by taking deep breaths and exhaling slowly. This will relax your muscles.
What happens after the test?
Once the test is over, you can go to the bathroom as usual.
- Results: It can take two to three days to get the results of the test. Sometimes, if the radiologist is looking at the X-rays right away, the results can be obtained quickly.
- Normal life: You can eat, drink, and go about your daily activities immediately after the test.
- After Effects: Your stool will be white or chalky for the next few days. This is because the barium is being excreted from your body. Don't worry, this is normal. It is very important to drink plenty of water to help the barium completely leave your body.
If you have these symptoms, see a doctor immediately!
Although this test is very safe, there are rare complications that can occur. For example, damage to the rectal wall or infection. Therefore, if you experience any of the following symptoms after the test, call your doctor immediately or go to the emergency department (ETU) of the nearest hospital.
| Warning signs to look out for | |
|---|---|
| Fever | It may be a sign of an infection in the body. |
| Excessive bleeding with stool | Not just a little, but a significant amount of blood. |
| Severe stomach pain | More than the numbness I felt during the test, it was unbearable pain. |
It's important to be aware of these symptoms, but remember, they are very rare.
Take-Home Message
- A barium enema is a generally safe X-ray test that examines your colon. Don't be afraid of it.
- To get the best results from the test, follow the doctor's dietary instructions and colon cleansing method exactly.
- It is normal to feel some slight abdominal cramping and discomfort during the test. You can find relief by taking deep breaths.
- Drink plenty of water for a few days after the test. This will help flush the barium out of your body.
- If you develop a fever, excessive bleeding, or severe pain after the test, do not take it lightly and seek medical advice immediately.
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