When we think of calcium, we immediately think of things like strong bones and healthy teeth, right? That's true. But even though this calcium is essential for our body, it can cause problems if it is deposited in the wrong places. Similarly, today we are going to talk about a very rare disease caused by the deposition of calcium in certain specific areas of our brain. This is called Basal Ganglia Calcification in medical science.
Simply put, what is Basal Ganglia Calcification?
Although the name is a bit complicated, it's very simple to understand. There is a part of our brain called the 'Basal Ganglia' . To be precise, this is a major center that helps control and coordinate our body's movements. When we walk, move our limbs, and touch something, this part helps us do all of this smoothly and clearly.
So, Basal Ganglia Calcification is the gradual deposition of calcium particles in the basal ganglia and sometimes in other parts of the brain. This can often occur without any symptoms. Also, this condition is most commonly seen in people between the ages of 30 and 60. However, it can occur at any age.
It is important to note that this condition should not be confused with Familial Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification (Fahr's Disease) . Fahr's Disease is a more serious, hereditary condition. The condition we are discussing today is different.
Why does calcium accumulate in our brain like this?
It may not always be possible to find a specific cause for this, but there are a few main causes that doctors have identified.
- Aging: Sometimes, for no particular reason, these types of calcium deposits can form in the brain with age.
- Parathyroid Gland Problems: We have four small glands called parathyroids in our necks. These are the ones that control the level of calcium in our blood. If these glands are underactive (hypoparathyroidism), the metabolism of calcium in the blood becomes disrupted, and calcium can build up in places like the brain.
- Infections: Some rare brain infections can also cause calcium deposits in this way.
- Other causes: In addition, this condition can also be caused by some genetic conditions and other metabolic diseases.
What are the symptoms of this condition?
The surprising thing here is that many people do not experience any symptoms. It is discovered incidentally when a brain scan (CT/MRI) is performed for another reason.
However, if symptoms do occur, they can be divided into two main types: movement problems and cognitive changes. The symptoms depend on where the calcium deposits are in the brain.
| Symptom category | Things that can be felt |
|---|---|
| Problems with movement |
|
| Emotional changes |
|
| Other symptoms |
|
How does a doctor find this?
If you have these symptoms, your doctor will first ask you about your symptoms and whether anyone in your family has had these types of neurological conditions.
Then, the best way to confirm this condition is to do a brain scan.
- CT Scan: This is the most commonly used method. To be precise, a CT scan uses a large number of X-rays to create detailed three-dimensional images of cross-sections of the brain. This can clearly see if there are calcium deposits in the brain.
- MRI Scan: Sometimes an MRI scan can also help identify these calcium deposits.
In addition to these scans, your doctor may also order some blood and urine tests to rule out other conditions. These tests are especially important to check for a problem with the parathyroid glands.
What are the treatments for this?
The most important thing we all need to understand here is that there is still no definitive cure for this condition or a treatment that will remove the calcium deposits in the brain.
But, don't worry. There are very effective treatments to control the symptoms that have arisen. That is, we can manage the symptoms in a way that allows us to live a normal life with this disease.
For example, if you have symptoms like stress or depression, you can take medication for that. If you have a fit, you can control it with anti-epileptic medicines. If you have migraines, there are medications to prevent them and control them when they come.
The most important thing is, if you are diagnosed with this condition, to see your doctor or specialist at least once a year for a check-up. Then, you can see if there is any change or increase in symptoms and start the necessary treatment at the right time.
Take-Home Message
- Basal Ganglia Calcification is a very rare condition in which calcium deposits form in the part of the brain that controls movement.
- Most of the time, there are no symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they may be related to movement, mental state, or other things.
- Although there is no specific cure for this, there are very effective treatments to control the symptoms that arise (e.g., fits, mental problems, movement difficulties).
- CT scan is very important for diagnosis.
- If you are diagnosed with this condition, keep in regular contact with your doctor (at least once a year), even if you have no symptoms.
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