Is your child's chest protruding forward? Let's learn about Pectus Carinatum!

You've probably noticed that your child, or someone you know, has a protruding breastbone, or breastbone, in the middle of their chest . Some people call this a "pigeon chest," right? Is this really something to be worried about? The medical term for this condition is Pectus Carinatum. Let's talk about it in detail and simply today.

What is Pectus Carinatum?

Simply put, Pectus Carinatum is the bone in the middle of your chest, which we call the sternum, that protrudes forward more than normal. It looks like the chest of a pigeon, which is why some people call it "pigeon chest." This is the opposite of Pectus Excavatum, which is another chest deformity. In Pectus Excavatum, the middle bone of the chest sinks inward, creating a hollow appearance. Imagine, our chest cavity is made up of ribs and a bone called the sternum in the middle. The ribs are connected to this sternum by a special tissue called cartilage . In Pectus Carinatum, the sternum is pushed outward due to some abnormal growth of this cartilage.

What are the main types of Pectus Carinatum?

Doctors distinguish two main types of this condition: 1. Chondrogladiolar type: This is the most common type . This is where the main part of the sternum, which is the part that should be slightly lower, protrudes forward. 2. Chondromanubrial type: In this type, the upper part of the sternum protrudes forward. In addition, doctors also look at whether the condition affects both sides of the chest (that is, is it symmetrical), or whether the sternum is tilted to one side.

• Type I: This is chondrogladiolar and affects both sides of the chest.
• Type II: This is chondromanubrial and affects both sides of the chest.
• Type III: This affects only one side, although depression may be seen on the other side.

How common is this condition?

Pectus Carinatum is a condition that is thought to affect about one in 1,000 people . However, some studies suggest that it may be even more common, affecting as many as one in 300 people. The condition is more common in men than in women . Although it is present at birth, it often becomes apparent in people in their teens , between the ages of 10 and 18. This is because the body is growing rapidly during this time, making the protrusion more noticeable.

What are the symptoms of Pectus Carinatum?

The good news is that most people with Pectus Carinatum do not have any symptoms . The only thing they have is a change in the appearance of their chest. However, some people may experience some chest pain during certain activities or positions. But that is not very common.

In most cases, this is not a dangerous condition. That is, it does not interfere with life or daily activities.

Is Pectus Carinatum dangerous?

No, Pectus Carinatum is not a dangerous condition . And it will not affect your lifespan in any way. It mainly affects your appearance.

What are the reasons for this?

Researchers still don't know the exact cause of Pectus Carinatum. But they believe it's caused by a problem with the cartilage that connects your ribs to the middle bone in your chest (sternum). Although the exact genetic cause hasn't been identified yet, it's possible that it will be found in the future. About 33% of people with Pectus Carinatum have a family history of a chest wall deformity . Pectus Carinatum may be associated with other conditions, including:

• Marfan syndrome: This is a disease that affects connective tissue.
• Noonan syndrome: This is a genetic condition.
• Scoliosis: This is an abnormal curvature of the spine.
• Asthma : A lung disease.
• Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchial tubes.
• Mitral valve prolapse: A condition that occurs in a heart valve.

What are the possible complications of Pectus Carinatum?

Although this condition rarely causes major health complications directly, it can have some indirect effects:

• Self-esteem issues: Especially at a young age, the appearance of the chest can cause some psychological setback and embarrassment.
• Bad posture: Some people's posture may change due to the protruding chest.
• Back pain: Some people may experience back pain due to improper posture and changes in chest shape.

How is Pectus Carinatum diagnosed?

When you see a doctor, he is yourThey will ask about your medical history and do a physical examination. They will check things like the way your chest is protruding and the size of it. They may also check if you have scoliosis. Then, if necessary, they will order further tests.

What are the diagnostic tests?

The main test used to diagnose Pectus Carinatum is a chest X-ray . This is taken from the front and side. Other necessary tests include:

• CT scan (Computed Tomography scan): This is also a type of X-ray. It can produce clearer images.
• MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan): This is an imaging test that does not use X-rays.

These tests can accurately assess the condition of the chest bones and cartilage, as well as the extent of protrusion.

How is Pectus Carinatum treated?

There are two main treatment options for those who want to correct this condition: wearing a brace and having surgery .

Pectus Carinatum Brace

It's like getting braces for your teeth. You'll be given a specially designed brace to wear around your chest. It can be worn under or over your clothes. The brace applies pressure from the front and back, pushing the middle bone of your chest (sternum) back into its normal position. It should be worn for about 24 hours a day, from six months to several years . It can be removed for bathing and playing. It's most effective during a growth spurt, when the body is growing rapidly . This is because the chest wall is still flexible at that time. However, it can be a bit challenging for children to wear it continuously.

Pectus Carinatum Surgery

The main technique used in surgery is the Ravitch procedure . Here, the surgeon makes an incision in the middle of the chest and removes the cartilage in the front of the chest. Then, a small incision is made in front of the sternum and the sternum is depressed. It is then held in place using various methods, such as stitches, metal plates, or a metal bar. Another method is a minimally invasive surgery similar to the Nuss procedure . Here, a metal bar is used to depress the sternum. This bar is left in place for a year or more and then removed in a separate surgery. Surgeons use these techniques in various ways, but they usually involve stabilizing the sternum in some way.

What are the complications/side effects of the treatment?

Brace treatment:Bracing for Pectus Carinatum is very safe . A small number of people may experience some skin irritation or breakdown where the brace is pressed against the skin. If this happens, stop using the brace as soon as you notice any such signs and consult your doctor to have the brace adjusted. Surgical Treatment: Surgery for Pectus Carinatum, like any major surgery, carries some risks. Although both the Ravitch and Nuss procedures are safe and effective, the following complications may occur:

• Pneumothorax : This means a lung collapse.
• Bleeding .
• Pleural effusion: Accumulation of fluid around the lungs.
• Pericarditis: Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart.
• Infection `(Infection)` .
• The support used to hold the sternum in place has come loose.
• Recurrence of Pectus Carinatum.

How long does it take to recover from these treatments?

After surgery, you will stay in the hospital for one to five days . You will need to see your surgeon for a follow-up appointment in a few weeks. It may take several months to fully recover and return to normal activities.

Can Pectus Carinatum be prevented?

No. Until researchers find out exactly what causes Pectus Carinatum, there is no way to prevent it. It is likely that the genetic factors that cause it are inherited from parents and cannot be changed.

What happens if I have Pectus Carinatum?

Pectus Carinatum does not have a negative impact on life expectancy . For most people, it is mainly a cosmetic issue (although some symptoms may occur). The outlook for people with Pectus Carinatum is generally very good . People who have a brace or surgery are usually very satisfied with the results and their appearance.

How do I take care of myself?

People with Pectus Carinatum usually live a normal life without any discomfort . If they are not experiencing discomfort, there is no need to limit their activities.

When should I see a doctor?

If your Pectus Carinatum condition is interfering with your daily life, you should see a doctor. Also, don't forget about your mental health.If you feel embarrassed or self-conscious about the appearance of your breasts, and it affects your self-esteem, correcting this condition can provide great psychological relief.

What questions should I ask my doctor?

Here are some questions you can ask your doctor:

• Do you think a brace would help me, or do I need surgery?
• How long will I have to wear the brace?
• Are there support groups for people who wear braces?
• How soon can I see you if I need to get my brace adjusted?
• What are the results you typically see from braces and/or surgery?

It can be difficult for any young child to fit in with others at school. But when your chest looks different from others, you may feel embarrassed about it. If you feel this way because of Pectus Carinatum, talk to a counselor about it. You don't have to go through this alone. If you want to get treatment for Pectus Carinatum, see a doctor who can talk to you about your options.

Finally, things to remember (Take-Home Message)

Pectus Carinatum is a protrusion of the middle breast bone. It is also known as "pigeon chest".

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In most cases, this is not a dangerous condition, and it does not affect life expectancy.

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It mainly affects appearance. Therefore, some people, especially young children, may be affected psychologically.

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Treatment options include wearing a brace and surgery, which can produce good results.

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If you have any questions or concerns about this, it's best to see a doctor for advice. Don't forget that your mental well-being is also very important.