We all know that more than 60% of our body is made up of fluids. But this fluid is not just water. It contains many nutrients such as vitamins and minerals that are essential for the functioning of our body. Among these, the electrolyte called sodium, that is, a type of salt, has a very special place. It is essential for our body to have a certain amount of this sodium for its healthy existence. If the balance between this water and sodium is somehow disrupted, we can have various health problems.
What is dehydration?
Simply put, dehydration is when our bodies don't have enough fluids to keep their normal functions running properly. Our bodies need a balance of water and electrolytes to function properly. If either of these levels becomes low, we start to experience symptoms of dehydration.
Dehydration occurs when our bodies lose fluids and electrolytes like sodium and we don't replace them with food and drink. Fluid is lost from our bodies as vapor through sweating, urination, and even when we breathe out. However, in some cases, this fluid can be lost very quickly.
Especially in cases like this:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea (stomach ache)
- Excessive sweating
- Fever
- As a side effect of some medications
The important thing is that dehydration is not just about losing water. It also directly affects the salt balance in our body. This is why dehydration can be dangerous.
The two main types of dehydration: increased and decreased sodium
When we talk about dehydration, it can be divided into two main types. These are based on the way the sodium levels in our body change. These two conditions are different from each other, and their causes and symptoms are also different. Let's understand this clearly.
| Status | Simply put... | Common causes | Main symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hypernatremia (increased sodium levels) | More water is lost from the body than sodium is lost, which increases the sodium concentration in the blood. |
| |
| Hyponatremia (Low sodium levels) | Excess sodium loss from the body along with water or drinking only water after fluid and salts are lost. |
Why is it important to understand the difference between these two conditions?
As you can see, in a state of hyponatremia, you may not feel thirsty. This is because even though your body's water content is normal, your sodium levels are very low. Therefore, it can be dangerous to think, "I'm not thirsty, so I'm not dehydrated." That's why it's so important to be aware of the symptoms.
What simple treatments can be done for this?
In cases of mild dehydration, we can treat it at home. The main goal is to replace lost fluids and electrolytes (salts) from the body.
- Drinking saline solutions: Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) such as Jeevani, available from pharmacies, are very suitable for this. They contain water, sodium, potassium, and glucose in the right proportions.
- Sports Drinks: These also contain electrolytes and can be beneficial to some extent.
- A snack with water: Eating something like a salty biscuit with a glass of water can also help you get sodium and fluids.
- Things to be careful of: Drinking fruit juice and soda when you have diarrhea can make the diarrhea worse. Therefore, it is wise to avoid them.
When should we see a doctor immediately?
Dehydration is a serious condition that can sometimes be life-threatening. Therefore, if you or someone else notices the following symptoms, it is essential to seek medical advice without delay . If necessary, go to the Emergency Department (ETU) of the nearest hospital.
| Warning symptoms | |
|---|---|
| For adults | |
| |
| For young children and babies | |
|
When you see a doctor, they will do a blood test to measure the sodium level in your blood. This can help determine what type of dehydration you have (Hypernatremia or Hyponatremia). They will then give you the fluids and electrolytes you need. You may need to have these solutions given intravenously (IV) into a vein in your arm to help you recover faster.
Take-Home Message
- Dehydration is not just a loss of water. It is a serious condition that affects the balance of salts (especially sodium) in your body.
- The symptoms of hypernatremia and hyponatremia are different. Be aware of the other symptoms, especially when you are low in sodium, as you may not feel thirsty.
- A saline solution like Jeevani is ideal for mild dehydration. Avoid drinking honey if you have diarrhea.
- If you notice serious symptoms such as confusion, incontinence, or a baby's gums receding, don't delay. See your doctor immediately or go to the Emergency Department (ETU) of the nearest hospital.
- If you have a medical condition that makes you more susceptible to dehydration (e.g., kidney disease, diabetes), talk to your doctor about how to stay safe.
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