Sneezing, itchy eyes... Bothering you lately? It could be seasonal allergies!

Who doesn't love the season when flowers bloom and everything turns lush and green? However, for some, this time of year can be quite troublesome. Persistent sneezing, a runny nose, red and itchy eyes—do you recognize these symptoms? If so, it is very likely that you are experiencing seasonal allergies (also known as hay fever). Don't worry; while there isn't a permanent cure, there are many things you can do to manage the symptoms effectively. Let’s talk about it.

Why do we develop these allergies?

Simply put, the main culprit is pollen. Trees, grasses, and weeds release tiny pollen grains into the air to spread their seeds. When these pollen particles enter the nose of someone with allergies, their immune system goes into overdrive.

Think of your immune system as a defense force protecting your body. Usually, this force fights off harmful germs. However, in someone with allergies, this defense force mistakes harmless pollen for a dangerous enemy.

That histamine chemical is what triggers all those annoying symptoms like a runny nose, sneezing, and itchy eyes.

Pollen can travel for miles on the wind, so you might react to pollen from plants that aren't even in your own garden.

What triggers allergies?

• Tree Pollen: Depending on the season, certain tree pollens are common triggers. Different flowering plants can also cause reactions.
• Grass and Weeds: Pollen from various types of grasses and weeds is a major trigger.
• Mold: In humid or rainy weather, mold grows both indoors and outdoors, which is a potent allergen.
• Dust Mites: While cleaning, you may stir up dust mites found in bedding, pillows, and mattresses, which can worsen symptoms.

Symptoms often worsen on windy days when pollen levels are high in the air, while rain can wash pollen away, often leading to temporary relief.

What are the symptoms?

If you have allergies, you might experience one or several of these symptoms together.

How do I know for sure if it's an allergy?

If you have these symptoms persistently, the best course of action is to consult your primary care physician. They may examine you and, if necessary, refer you to an allergist.

The specialist will likely perform a test to identify exactly what you are allergic to, such as a Skin Prick Test.

During this test, a tiny amount of suspected allergens (like pollen or dust) is introduced just under the surface of the skin on your arm or back. If you are allergic, a small, red, mosquito-bite-like bump will appear within minutes. Blood tests may also be used in some cases.

What are the treatment options?

There are several medications available to help reduce these bothersome symptoms.

Over-the-counter and prescribed medications

• Antihistamines: These work by blocking the effect of the histamine chemical. This helps control sneezing and itching. Some antihistamines can cause drowsiness. If you are driving or need to work, ask your doctor for a non-drowsy version.
• Decongestants: These shrink the blood vessels in the nose to relieve congestion.
• Nasal Sprays: There are various types available.
• Steroid Nasal Sprays: These are often the first line of treatment recommended by doctors. They reduce swelling and inflammation in the nasal passages. Types like Fluticasone and Budesonide can often be found over-the-counter.
• Cromolyn sodium spray: This prevents the release of histamine before symptoms even start.
• Eye Drops: These help reduce eye itching and tearing.

If medications do not provide relief, your doctor might suggest Immunotherapy or “allergy shots.” This involves injecting tiny, increasing amounts of the allergen into your body over time to build up tolerance. This is a long-term solution.

Are there any natural remedies?

Yes, there are some simple steps that may help:

• Nasal Irrigation: Using a Neti Pot or squeeze bottle with a saline solution (lukewarm distilled or sterile water with salt and a pinch of baking soda) helps flush out pollen and mucus. Important: Only use boiled-cooled, sterile, or distilled water. Using regular tap water can cause dangerous infections.
• Herbal Supplements: Herbs like Butterbur and Quercetin are sometimes researched, but their effectiveness varies. Always talk to your doctor before trying any herbal supplement, as they may interact negatively with other medications you are taking.

5 Tips to avoid pollen

Along with medication, avoiding allergens is crucial.

1. Stay indoors when pollen counts are high: Pollen levels are generally highest in the morning. Try to limit outdoor activities during this time.

2. Keep windows closed: Keep your home windows shut during high-pollen seasons. An air purifier can also be very helpful.

3. Clean frequently: Regularly wipe down dust-collecting surfaces like bookshelves and ceiling fan blades with a damp cloth. Vacuum at least twice a week—it's a good idea to wear a mask while doing so.

4. Shower after being outdoors: After returning from outside, shower and wash your hair to remove pollen that may have stuck to you.

5. Wash bedding regularly: Wash your bedding and pillowcases in hot water at least once a week to eliminate dust mites.

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