We often think of bones as just a frame that gives our bodies shape and keeps them upright, right? That's true, but it's not entirely true. Our bones are a much more complex, living system than that. Just think, the average adult has about 206 bones in their body. Each of these is light, yet incredibly strong. So, instead of just being a bunch of sticks, today we're going to talk about the amazing work our bones do inside our bodies.
What are the 5 main functions of bones?
Our bones perform five major functions for our bodies. Simply put, these are the silent workers of our bodies. Let's look at each of these one by one.
| Main function | What happens to it? |
|---|---|
| 1. Supporting the body and aiding movement | Just think, without a skeleton, we would fall to the ground like a pile of clothes, wouldn't we? These bones keep our bodies upright and give us correct posture. Also, when we walk, run, or lift weights, it is this same skeleton that supports the weight of our body and helps us perform those movements. |
| 2. Protecting internal organs | Inside our bodies, we have very important and sensitive organs like the heart, lungs, and brain. Bones act like armor that protects these from external dangers and strong blows. For example, the skull protects our brain, and the rib cage (ribs) protects the heart and lungs. |
| 3. Blood cell production | This is something that many people don't know. The types of cells in our blood called red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are produced in the bone marrow inside some bones. Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body, white blood cells fight disease, and platelets help the blood clot. |
| 4. Fat storage and release | Some types of bones store fat to provide the body with energy in an emergency. When our body needs energy, this stored fat is released. |
| 5. Storage and release of minerals | Minerals like calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for our bodies, are the main components of our bones. When the levels of these minerals in the blood increase, the bones store them. And when the body needs them, that is, when the levels in the blood decrease, the bones release them back into the blood. It's like a bank, right? |
What is our Skeletal System?
The skeleton is formed when all our bones come together. But the skeletal system is not just bones. It is the supporting structure that our entire body is built on. In addition to the bones, several other parts belong to this system.
The most important thing is that all these parts work together and coordinately, which is why we can move and do things.
| Part | Simply put... |
|---|---|
| Ligaments | These are like strong, elastic bands that connect one bone to another and keep joints stable. |
| Cartilage | Where two bones meet, that is, at joints, there is a thin, somewhat flexible tissue that covers the ends of the bones. This is what allows the bones to move easily without rubbing against each other. |
| Tendons | These connect our muscles to our bones. When we want to move an arm or leg, the muscles contract and pull on the bone through the tendons. That's when movement occurs. |
What are bones made of?
Bone is a living, constantly changing tissue. It is mainly made up of a combination of the protein collagen and the mineral calcium phosphate. Together, these two give bones their strong yet lightweight nature.
Types of bone-building cells
Three main types of cells are constantly active within a bone.
- Osteoblasts : These cells are responsible for building new bone tissue and repairing damage to bones.
- Osteocytes: These are the mature bone cells. These cells help the bones of a newborn baby grow.
- Osteoclasts: These cells break down old bone tissue and reshape the bones. This process of breaking down and building new ones happens simultaneously, which is why our bones stay healthy.
Layers of a bone
When you take a bone, it has three main layers.
- Periosteum : This is the strong outer covering of the bone. Its main function is to protect the bone.
- Compact bone: The hard, white, smooth part beneath this covering. This part is what mainly gives strength and stability to our skeleton.
- Spongy bone: This is the soft, porous part of the bone. It's like a sponge. Inside these pores is bone marrow. There are two types of bone marrow - one that makes blood, and the other that stores fat and minerals.
Common diseases affecting the bones
There are several medical conditions that can affect our skeletal system, and especially our bones.
- Arthritis: This is a very painful condition that can cause joint wear and tear or inflammation .
- Scoliosis: This is a condition where the spine is not straight and curves.
- Cancer: Some types of cancer can develop inside the bones.
- Breaks/Fractures: Bones can break. Sometimes they can be very severe. Although a small crack may heal on its own, most broken bones require medical attention.
If you have any questions, pain, or discomfort about your bones and joints, never hesitate to talk to your doctor about it.
Take-Home Message
- Your bones are more than just a frame that gives your body shape. They support your body, protect vital organs, produce blood cells, and store energy and minerals.
- The skeletal system includes bones, ligaments, cartilage, and tendons.
- Bone is a living tissue that is constantly renewing itself.
- A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D and proper exercise are essential to maintain healthy, strong bones.
- If you have any bone or joint pain, swelling, or other problems, it is very important to see your doctor immediately for advice.
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