Bari mu ƙara koyo game da epidermis, wato saman fatar jikinka.

Sannu! Yaya kake? A yau za mu yi magana game da wani abu mai mahimmanci game da fatarmu. Duk muna da fata. Wannan fata ita ce babbar gaɓa a jikinmu. Shin kun san cewa akwai manyan layuka uku na wannan fatar? Mafi girman saman, wanda muke gani da ji lokacin da muka taɓa ta, ana kiransa 'epidermis' . A yau za mu yi magana game da gwarzon fatarmu, wato epidermis.

Menene epidermis? A takaice dai...

To, da farko bari mu kalli menene wannan epidermis. An ce fatar jikinka tana da manyan layuka guda uku. Su ne epidermis (layin sama) , dermis (layin tsakiya) , da kuma hypodermis (layin ƙasa) . Daga cikin waɗannan, epidermis shine layin da ya fi siriri , amma shine wanda ke yin babban aikin kare mu daga duniyar waje. Shin ba abin mamaki bane? A cikin wannan siririn Layer akwai wasu ƙananan layuka guda biyar!

Mene ne waɗannan ƙananan yadudduka guda biyar a cikin epidermis?

Yanzu bari mu dubi ƙananan yadudduka guda biyar da ke cikin epidermis. An tsara su bisa tsari daga ƙasa zuwa sama:

1. Stratum basale (wanda ake kira stratum germinativum):

• Wannan shine mafi zurfin Layer, a ƙarƙashin epidermis. Yana kama da harsashin gini.
• Ana samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin fata a cikin wannan Layer.
• Ga ƙwayoyin halitta masu tushe da ake kira 'Keratinocytes' . Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke samar da furotin 'Keratin' . Keratin shine abin da ke taimakawa wajen gina gashinmu, farce, da kuma fatarmu ta waje, kuma yana kare mu daga mawuyacin yanayi.
• Haka kuma, akwai ƙwayoyin halitta da ake kira 'melanocytes' a cikin wannan Layer. Su ne suke yin 'melanin' . Melanin shine launin da ke ba wa fatarmu launinta.

2. Stratum spinosum:

• Wannan Layer yana tsakanin stratum basale da aka ambata a baya da stratum granulosum wanda ke zuwa na gaba.
• Ya ƙunshi galibin ƙwayoyin keratinocyte. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna riƙe su tare ta hanyar sunadaran da ake kira desmosomes .
• Wannan layer na stratum spinosum shine abin da ke sa fatar jikinka ta yi laushi da ƙarfi .

3. Stratum granulosum `(Stratum granulosum)`:

• Wannan yana tsakanin stratum spinosum da stratum lucidum.
• A cikin ƙwayoyin keratinocyte a nan akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta . Ana iya ganin waɗannan a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa.

4. Stratum lucidum:

• Wannan wani sirara ne mai haske tsakanin stratum granulosum da stratum corneum.
• A nan, ƙwayoyin keratinocyte suna rasa siffarsu mai zagaye a hankali kuma suna zama masu lanƙwasa . Wannan layin yana bayyane musamman a wuraren da fata mai kauri, kamar tafin hannunmu da tafin ƙafafunmu.

5. Stratum corneum:

• Wannan shine saman Layer na epidermis. Ka gani, wannan shine Layer ɗin da kake taɓawa.
• A nan, waɗannan ƙwayoyin keratinocyte sun zama 'corneocytes' . Kwayoyin halittar Corneocytes sun mutu, amma ƙwayoyin keratinocyte masu ƙarfi sosai .
• Waɗannan su ne abin da ke kare mu daga abubuwa kamar ƙaiƙayi, hasken rana, zafi, da kuma ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Haka kuma, wannan Layer ɗin yana ɗauke da kitse. Suna sarrafa yadda ruwa ke shiga da kuma ƙafewa daga jikinmu cikin sauƙi.
• Yayin da sabbin ƙwayoyin keratinocytes ke samuwa a cikin ƙananan Layer (stratum basale), waɗannan ƙwayoyin corneocytes a hankali suna faɗuwa . Kamar yadda tsoffin ganye ke faɗuwa kuma sababbi ke tsiro. Wannan tsari ne mai ci gaba.

Ka yi tunanin haka, fatar jiki kamar rufin gidanmu take. Kamar yadda take kare mu daga rana da ruwan sama, haka fatar jiki take kare mu daga duniyar waje.

Shin ka san ma'anar kalmar "epidermis"?

Wannan kuma yana da kyau a sani. Kalmar "epidermis" ta ƙunshi kalmomi biyu na Girkanci na da. 'epi' na nufin "sama" ko "waje". 'derma' na nufin "fata". Don haka a taƙaice, "epidermis" na nufin "surface" ko "fatar waje" .

To menene bambanci tsakanin epidermis da dermis?

Za ka iya tuna cewa epidermis shine saman Layer. Dermis shine Layer a ƙasa, a tsakiya. Ka yi tunanin sa kamar sandwich. Idan epidermis shine babban yanki na burodi, dermis shine cikakken cikawa a tsakiya.

• Kauri: Duk da cewa epidermis shine mafi siririn Layer na fata, dermis shine mafi kauri Layer na fata.
• Abin da ke ciki: Fatar jiki tana ɗauke da sunadaran da ake kira 'Collagen' da 'Elastin' . Waɗannan su ne abubuwan da ke sa fatar jiki ta yi kauri kuma suna ba fata laushi mai kyau. Waɗannan suna taimakawa sosai wajen sa fatarmu ta yi kama da ta matasa ba tare da ta yi lanƙwasa ba.
• Ba wai kawai ba, har ma da nama mai haɗin kai, ƙarshen jijiyoyi, glandar gumi, glandar sebaceous, da gashin gashi duk suna cikin fatar jiki, har ma ƙasa da haka, a cikin hypodermis.

Me fatar jiki ke yi wa jikinmu? Menene muhimmancinta?

Duk wani Layer na fatarmu yana aiki tare don kare kwarangwal, gabobi, tsokoki, da kyallen jikinmu. Har ila yau, epidermis yana da aiki na musamman:

• Ruwan sha: Layin saman epidermis (stratum corneum) yana taimakawa wajen riƙe ruwa , yana kiyaye fatar jikinka da ruwa da lafiya, yana hana ta bushewa .
• Samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin fata:Ana samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin fata a ƙasan Layer na epidermis (stratum basale). Yayin da waɗannan ƙwayoyin ke tsufa, a hankali suna motsawa sama da layukan. Bayan kimanin wata guda , suna isa saman Layer kuma suna zubarwa. A lokaci guda, ana ci gaba da samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta a ƙasa. Kamar masana'anta ce da ke sabunta kanta akai-akai .
• Kariya: Fatar jiki tana aiki kamar garkuwa . Tana kare mu daga hasken ultraviolet (UV) mai cutarwa daga rana, ƙwayoyin cuta (ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta, da sauransu), da sinadarai masu cutarwa.
• Launin fata: Layin fata yana ɗauke da wani nau'in ƙwayar halitta da ake kira 'melanocytes'. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna samar da wani launi da ake kira 'melanin'. Launin fatar jikinka yana ƙayyade ne ta hanyar adadin melanin.

Ta yaya epidermis ke taimakawa sauran gabobin jiki?

A taƙaice dai, epidermis, tare da sauran layukan fata, suna aiki a matsayin garkuwa ta farko da ke kare gaɓoɓi masu laushi, ƙashi, tsokoki, da kyallen jikinmu daga haɗari, raunuka, da cututtuka daga duniyar waje.

Ina ne epidermis yake?

Wannan bai kamata ya ba ka mamaki ba, ko? Kashin fata shine saman fata da muke gani da ji idan muka kalli wani ko muka taɓa shi.

Ta yaya ake samun launin epidermis?

Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, launin halitta da ake kira melanin, wanda melanocytes ke samarwa, yana ƙayyade launin fatarmu. Waɗannan melanocytes suna samar da manyan nau'ikan melanin guda biyu:

• Eumelanin: Wannan nau'in melanin shine ke haifar da launin duhu a gashin ku, fatar ku, da idanun ku . Idan wani yana da fata mai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da gashin baki, to saboda yana da ƙarin eumelanin.
• Pheomelanin: Wannan nau'in melanin shine abin da ke ba wa fatar jikinka launuka masu ruwan hoda ko ja . Misali, shine abin da ke haifar da lebe, nonuwa, farji, da kuma gashin azzakari, kuma shine abin da ke sa wasu mutane yin jajayen gashi.

Kowa yana da waɗannan nau'ikan melanin guda biyu a fatarsa ​​a cikin girma dabam-dabam. Rabon da ke ƙayyade launin fatar kowane mutum.

Yaya kauri na epidermis yake?

Kauri na epidermis ya bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri a jikinka. Misali, epidermis ya fi kauri a wuraren da ake amfani da su akai-akai, kamar tafin ƙafafu da bayan hannunka , inda za ka gamu da abubuwan mamaki da yawa. Kauri a waɗannan wuraren na iya kaiwa kimanin milimita 1.5. Wannan shine kusan kauri na katunan kuɗi guda biyu da aka tara a saman juna .

Amma a wurare masu laushi kamar fatar ido , fatar ido siririya ce sosai. Kaurinta kusan milimita 0.05 ne kawai. Wannan yana nufin kamar hakaKauri kamar na takarda ce ta yau da kullun! Abin mamaki ne, ko ba haka ba?

Mene ne manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin epidermis?

Akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban a cikin epidermis. Manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta guda uku sune:

1. Keratinocytes: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna samar da furotin keratin, wanda shine babban ɓangaren epidermis. Keratinocytes sune ƙwayoyin da suka fi yawa a cikin epidermis.

2. Melanocytes: Kamar yadda muka tattauna a baya, waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta suna samar da melanin mai launi wanda ke ba wa fatar ku launinta .

3. Kwayoyin Langerhans: Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna kama da masu kare epidermis . Suna taimakawa wajen hana abubuwa marasa amfani, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, shiga fata. Su ɓangare ne na tsarin garkuwar jiki.

Wadanne cututtuka ne suka fi shafar epidermis?

Haka kuma cututtukan fata daban-daban na iya shafar fatarmu. Wasu daga cikinsu sune:

• Kuraje: Matsala ce da ke shafar mutane da yawa, musamman a lokacin ƙuruciyarsu.
• Tari: Tari yana faruwa ne sakamakon kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda wani lokacin kan iya zama mai zafi.
• Dandruff: Yanayi ne da fatar fatar ke barewa.
• Eczema: Yanayi ne da fatar jiki ke bushewa, tana yin ƙaiƙayi, kuma tana ja.
• Melanoma: Wani nau'in ciwon daji na fata. Wannan na iya zama yanayi mai haɗari wanda ke farawa a cikin ƙwayoyin melanocyte.

Mene ne alamun matsalar da ke tattare da epidermis?

Idan akwai matsala a cikin epidermis ɗinku, kuna iya fuskantar alamu kamar:

• Bayyanar sabbin tabo masu duhu a fata, ko canje-canje a siffar, launi, ko girman tabo da ake da su.
• Fatar ta bushe sosai kuma ta yi laushi.
• Barewar fata, jin kamar saman fatar jiki yana fitowa.
• Barewar fata da kuma ɓawon fata.

Idan kana da irin waɗannan alamu, ya fi kyau ka ga likita ka nemi shawara.

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ake yi don duba lafiyar epidermis?

Da farko likitanka zai yi cikakken bincike na fatar jikinka. Bugu da ƙari, za su iya yin gwaje-gwajen kamar haka:

• Gwaje-gwajen fata na rashin lafiyan: Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna taimakawa wajen tantance ko rashin lafiyar fatar jikinka ta samo asali ne daga rashin lafiyan.
• Gwajin jini: Ana iya gano wasu rashin lafiyan jiki, cututtuka, da cututtuka ta hanyar gwajin jini.
• Binciken fata: Wannan ya ƙunshi ɗaukar ƙaramin yanki na fata daga wurin da matsala ta taso a duba shi ta hanyar na'urar hangen nesa. Wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance ko akwai wasu cututtuka, cututtuka, ko kuma cutar kansa.

Idan kana zargin kana da wata cuta kamar melanoma, za ka iya yin wasu gwaje-gwajen hoto don ganin ko ta bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Mene ne maganin da aka saba amfani da shi don cututtukan epidermis?

Jiyya ya bambanta dangane da yanayin da ke shafar epidermis. Ga wasu daga cikin magungunan da aka fi amfani da su:

• Maganin rigakafi: Ana ba da waɗannan a matsayin magunguna ko man shafawa don magance matsalolin da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa kamar kuraje, kuraje, busasshiyar fata, da kuraje.
• Magungunan hana fungal: Ana ba da waɗannan a matsayin man shafawa, man shafawa, gel, feshi, foda, ko kuma a matsayin magungunan baki don kamuwa da cututtukan fata na fungal.
• Corticosteroids: Waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen rage kumburi, ja, ƙaiƙayi, da lalacewar nama a fata. Ana iya ba su a matsayin man shafawa, ƙwayoyi, ko allurai.
• Retinoids (waɗanda aka samo daga bitamin A): Waɗannan magunguna, waɗanda aka yi daga bitamin A, suna rage kuraje, suna dakatar da toshewar ramuka, kuma suna taimakawa wajen sabunta fata.

Ya kamata a yi amfani da waɗannan magungunan a koyaushe bisa ga shawarar likita.

Wadanne abubuwa ne masu sauki za mu iya yi domin kiyaye lafiyar fatarmu?

Akwai abubuwa da yawa masu sauƙi da za mu iya yi a gida don kiyaye fatarmu ta kasance lafiya, wato, dukkan fatarmu. Duba waɗannan:

• Ka tsara tsarin kula da fata wanda ya dace da kai. Ka nemi shawara daga likita ko ƙwararren fata kuma ka kula da fatar jikinka yadda ya kamata.
• Lokacin wanka ko wanka , yi amfani da sabulu mai laushi, wanda ba ya goge fata. Lokacin busar da fata, a shafa a busar da ita, maimakon a goge ta da ƙarfi.
• Da zarar fatarki ta bushe, yayin da take da ɗan danshi, sai ki shafa man shafawa mai kyau ko man shafawa. Wannan zai taimaka wajen kiyaye fatarki ta yi laushi. Za ki iya sake shafawa sau biyu ko uku a rana, musamman idan fatarki ta bushe.
• A guji yin wanka da ruwan zafi sosai, amma a yi amfani da ruwan dumi. Ruwan zafi zai iya cire man shafawa na halitta daga fata ya kuma busar da shi.
• Sha akalla kofuna 8 na ruwa a rana. Ruwa shine babban abokin fatar jikinka. Yana kiyaye fatar jikinka da kuma danshi daga ciki.
• Ku ci abinci mai wadataccen sinadarin antioxidants. Ku haɗa 'ya'yan itatuwa (musamman 'ya'yan itatuwa), kayan lambu (kayan lambu masu duhu kore), goro (almond, gyada), da kifi mai wadataccen sinadarin omega-3 (salmon, mackerel) a cikin abincinku.
• Rage fallasa ga muhalli tare da canje-canje kwatsam a yanayin zafi da danshi.
• Ka nisanci abubuwan da aka san kana da rashin lafiyan su, sinadarai da aka san suna da illa ga fata (masu ƙaiƙayi), da turare.
• Kullum a yi amfani da man kare rana mai kariya daga rana (SPF) akalla 30 ko fiye da haka duk lokacin da za a fita a rana. Ko da bai yi kama da rana ba, hasken UV zai iya zuwa ta cikin gajimare.
• Idan fatar jikinka tana da ƙaiƙayi ko ciwo, kada ka cire ko karce ta. Yin hakan na iya lalata fata kuma yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cuta.

To, menene mafi mahimmancin abin da muke buƙatar tunawa daga duk wannan?

To, mun yi magana sosai game da epidermis. A taƙaice dai, epidermis shine saman jikinmu, layin farko na kariya ga fatarmu. Yana kare mu daga haɗarin duniyar waje, yana kiyaye fatarmu danshi, yana samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin fata akai-akai, kuma yana ba fatarmu kyakkyawan launi.

Don haka, alhakinmu ne mu kiyaye fatar jikinmu mai daraja, wato dukkan fatarmu, lafiya da kyau. Za mu iya kiyaye fatarmu lafiya da farin ciki ta hanyar yin ƙananan abubuwa kamar shan ruwa mai yawa, cin abinci mai gina jiki, shafa man kariya daga rana lokacin fita a rana, da kuma tsaftace fatarmu. Mu kula da fatarmu da ƙauna!

` Epidermis, yadudduka na fata, lafiyar fata, kula da fata, keratin, melanin, cututtukan fata