Ya kamata mu san ainihin matakin tsakiyar fatarmu, wato dermis?

Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin yadda fatar jikinka take aiki da ban mamaki? Fatarmu ba wai kawai suturar jikinmu ba ce. Gaba ce mai matuƙar rikitarwa kuma mai mahimmanci. Fatarmu ta ƙunshi manyan layuka uku. A yau za mu yi magana game da mafi mahimmancin waɗannan layukan, wato tsakiyar layi. Muna kiransa da dermis . Wani lokaci ana kiransa da corium , wanda kalma ce ta Latin da ke nufin "fata."

Menene dermis? A takaice dai...

A taƙaice dai, tsakiyar fatar jikinka shine dermis. Ana kiran saman Layer ɗin epidermis, kuma ƙasan Layer ɗin ana kiransa hypodermis. Don haka dermis ɗin yana tsakanin saman Layer ɗin da ƙasan Layer ɗin.

Ka yi tunanin kamar sanwici. Babban yanki na burodi shine epidermis, ƙasan kuma shine hypodermis. Ciko mai daɗi a tsakiya shine dermis. A cikin wannan dermis, akwai wasu layuka biyu na nasu. Bari mu kalli hakan ma.

Mene ne layuka biyu na dermis?

Eh, wannan fatar ba ta da wani layi ɗaya. Akwai ƙarin sassa biyu a ciki. Su ne:

1. Reticular Dermis - Layer na ƙasa

Wannan shine mafi kauri na fatar jiki, a ƙarƙashinsa. Kamar harsashin gida ne. A cikin wannan ne ake samun abubuwa da yawa da suke da matuƙar muhimmanci ga fatarmu.

• Jijiyoyin jini: Waɗannan su ne abubuwan da ke kawo abinci mai gina jiki ga fata.
• Glands: Abubuwa kamar glandar gumi, glandar sebaceous (waɗanda ke samar da mai).
• Gashin gashi: Nan ne gashin da ke jikinmu ke tsiro.
• Lymphatics: Yana da alaƙa da tsarin garkuwar jiki.
• Jijiyoyi: Waɗannan suna ba da jin daɗi.
• Kwayoyin kitse.

Wannan fatar reticular dermis tana kewaye da hanyar sadarwa ta elastin da zare na collagen. Ka yi tunanin hakan ta wannan hanyar: elastin kamar roba ne, kuma collagen kamar zare ne mai ƙarfi. Waɗannan biyun suna ba wa fatarmu ƙarfi da sassauci. Waɗannan biyun suna ba mu damar shimfiɗawa da shimfiɗa fatarmu.

2. Papillary Dermis - Layer na sama

Wannan shine ƙaramin siriri a saman dermis. Ya fi kauri fiye da reticular dermis. Hakanan yana da ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa:

• Zaruruwan Collagen.
• Kwayoyin Fibroblast: Waɗannan su ne ƙwayoyin da ke taimakawa wajen samar da abubuwa kamar collagen.
• Kwayoyin kitse.
• Madaukai na Capillary: Suna taimakawa wajen ciyar da epidermis.
• Zaruruwan jijiyoyi.
• Masu karɓar taɓawa (misali Meissner corpuscles): suna taimaka mana mu fahimci taɓawa.
• Kwayoyin halitta masu yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta (phagocytes): Kamar masu kariya a fatarmu.

Wannan fatar fata ta papillary ta miƙe zuwa saman ƙasa na epidermis. Waɗannan layukan biyu suna da alaƙa da juna kamar yatsun hannunmu da aka haɗa tare . Shi ya sa akwai haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi tsakanin saman saman da tsakiyar saman.

To, menene bambanci tsakanin dermis da epidermis?

Yanzu da ka samu ɗan fahimta game da waɗannan matakai biyu, bari mu yi bayani kaɗan.

• Epidermis: Wannan shine mafi sirara kuma mafi kyawun fata. Kamar tufafinmu ne. Yana kiyaye jikinmu danshi, yana samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin fata, kuma yana kare mu daga lalacewa ta waje (kamar yankewa, ƙaiƙayi, da ƙwayoyin cuta). Hakanan shine inda ake yin melanin wanda ke ba fatarmu launinta.

• Dermis: Wannan shine tsakiyar fata, mafi kauri . Ya fi epidermis kauri sosai. Yana dauke da collagen da elastin, wadanda ke ba wa fata karfi, kauri, da kuma tallafawa tsarinta.

Ka yi tunanin, idan fatar jiki ta yi kama da rufin gida, fatar jiki ita ce bango da ginshiƙai da ke riƙe rufin tare.

Nau'ikan haɗin gwiwa, ƙarshen jijiyoyi, glandar gumi, glandar mai, da kuma gashin gashi a fatarmu duk suna cikin fatarmu. Wannan yana nufin cewa yawancin "ma'aikatan" fata suna nan.

Waɗanne ayyuka ne fatar jiki ke yi wa jikinmu?

Duk wani abu da ke cikin fatarmu yana aiki tare don kare jikinmu. Daga cikinsu, fatarmu tana da ayyuka na musamman da yawa. Duba:

• Yana Taimakawa Epidermis: Dermis yana ba da kyakkyawan tallafi ga saman Layer saboda ƙarfin tsarinsa da kuma sassaucinsa. Haka kuma, jijiyoyin jini a cikin dermis suna ɗaukar abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata zuwa ga epidermis.
• Yana ba mu damar jin jijiyoyi daban-daban: Ƙarshen jijiyoyi a cikin fatar jiki sune abin da ke ba mu damar jin abubuwa kamar matsi, zafi, zafi, sanyi, da ƙaiƙayi . Ka yi tunani a kai, cizon sauro yana ciwo, kankara yana jin sanyi - duk waɗannan sigina suna fitowa ne daga fatar jiki.
• Gumi yana fitowa: Shin kana yin gumi idan kana jin zafi ko damuwa? Wannan gumin yana fitowa ne daga glandar gumi da ke cikin fatar jiki. Idan muka yi gumi, guminmu yana fitowa.Ana sarrafa zafin jiki (thermoregulation) .
• Yana kiyaye fata danshi: Fatar fata tana ɗauke da glandar sebaceous . Waɗannan suna fitar da wani abu mai mai da ake kira sebum . Wannan sebum shine abin da ke sa fatarmu da gashinmu su jike da sheƙi, ba tare da sun busar da su ba.
• Gashi yana fitowa: Gashi yana fitowa ne daga gashin da ke cikin fatar jiki, kusan ko'ina a jiki sai dai tafin hannunmu da kuma tafin ƙafafunmu.

Ta yaya dermis ke taimakawa sauran gabobin jiki?

Tare da sauran yadudduka na fata, fatar jiki tana kare tsarin kwarangwal ɗinmu, gabobin ciki, tsokoki, da kyallen jiki daga lalacewa ta waje, kamar harsashi mai kariya.

Ina fatar jikin yake? Ya girmansa? Da me aka yi shi?

Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, fatar jiki ita ce tsakiyar fata, wacce take tsakanin epidermis da hypodermis.

Kauri daga wannan ya bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri a jiki. Misali, yana da siriri sosai a fatar ido, kimanin milimita 0.6 . Amma a baya, yana iya zama kusan milimita 4 kauri .

Fatar jiki ta ƙunshi nama wanda ke da jijiyoyin jini da yawa. Haka kuma tana ɗauke da:

• Collagen
• Elastin
• Ruwa mai haske, mai kama da jelly (abun da aka yi ƙasa) wanda ke cike sararin da ke tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta da zare.
• Kwayoyin cuta daban-daban kamar su gumi da kuma sebaceous gland.
• Gashin gashi .

Akwai wasu cututtuka da ke shafar fatar jiki?

Eh, babu shakka. Akwai yanayi da cututtuka daban-daban da zasu iya shafar fatar jiki. Ga wasu misalai:

• Ciwon Ehlers-Danlos: Wannan wata cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta da ke shafar fata, gidajen abinci, da jijiyoyin jini.
• Urticaria / Kurajen fuska: Yanayi ne da ke nuna kurajen fuska masu ƙaiƙayi, ja, da kuma kurajen da suka taso ba zato ba tsammani a fata.
• Ciwon Marfan: Wannan kuma wata cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta da ke shafar kyallen haɗin gwiwa.
• Babban melanoma na fata: Wani nau'in ciwon daji na fata mai haɗari.
• Rana ta elastosis: Lalacewar fata da ke faruwa sakamakon tsawaita lokacin da ake shawagi a rana.
• Ciwon sclerosis na jiki (scleroderma): Cutar da fata ke kauri da tauri.
• Ciwon daji: Akwai nau'ikan kumbura daban-daban da za su iya faruwa a fata.

Mene ne halaye na yau da kullun na waɗannan nau'ikan matsalolin fata?

Ga wasu alamu na yau da kullun da zasu iya faruwa a cikin yanayin da ke shafar dermis:

• Extravasation shine zubar jini ko wani ruwa daga jijiyoyin jini ko capillaries zuwa kyallen takarda .
• Canje-canje a cikin ƙashi, idanu, huhu, fata, zuciya, da jijiyoyin jini .
• Duhu da ƙaiƙayi a fata.
• Kumburi mai sauƙi, ba kamar yadda aka saba ba .
• Yawan motsi na gidajen abinci .
• Fatar tana da santsi sosai, siriri, kuma ta fi laushi fiye da yadda aka saba .
• Kumburin nama .
• Tabo masu kama da kuraje (Welts) .

Idan kana da waɗannan alamomin, ya fi kyau ka nemi shawarar likita.

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ake yi don duba lafiyar fatar jiki?

Likitoci suna yin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban don tantance ko akwai matsala a fatar jiki. Wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da:

• Gwajin kwayoyin halitta: Waɗannan na iya taimakawa wajen gano wasu yanayi (misali ciwon Ehlers-Danlos).
• Binciken fata: Ana ɗaukar ƙaramin yanki na fata a duba shi ta hanyar na'urar hangen nesa (microscope) don duba ko akwai cuta, kamuwa da cuta, ko kuma cutar kansa.
• Hoton Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Ana iya amfani da shi don duba ciwon daji, kamar melanoma, a cikin kwakwalwa ko kashin baya.
• Hoton Positron Emission Tomography (PET): Wannan yana taimakawa wajen ganin ko ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph ko wasu sassan jiki da ke nesa da wurin da aka fara.

Menene maganin cututtukan fata?

Ga wasu magunguna don yanayin da ke shafar dermis:

• Corticosteroids: Waɗannan nau'in magani ne da ke rage kumburi da lalacewar nama. Ana iya ba su a matsayin man shafawa ko ƙwayoyi.
• Dashen Fata: Ana amfani da wannan hanyar don magance fatar da ta lalace wadda ba za ta iya warkewa da kanta ba. Tana iya taimaka wa mutanen da ke fama da mummunan lalacewar fata daga abubuwa kamar ƙonewa, cututtuka masu tsanani, da kuma gyambo.
• Madadin fata: Waɗannan sun haɗa da allografts, xenografts, ko fatar roba da aka yi daga ƙwayoyin halitta da polymers marasa halittu. Waɗannan suna da amfani ga mutanen da ke da raunukan fata masu zurfi, ƙonewa, da cututtuka.

Abubuwa masu sauƙi da za mu iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar fata: Abin da za mu iya yi!

Yanzu ka san yadda fatar jiki take da muhimmanci. Don haka muna buƙatar yin aiki tuƙuru don kiyaye ta lafiya. Ga wasu abubuwa masu sauƙi da za ku iya yi:

• Kafa kyawawan halaye na kula da fata:
• A sha akalla kofuna 8 na ruwa a rana. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a jika jiki daga ciki.
• Yi amfani da sabulun wanke-wanke masu laushi waɗanda ba sa cutar da fata.
• Bayan wanka da kuma lokacin da ake buƙataA shafa man shafawa .
• Bi umarnin likitanka.
• Kula da raunuka yadda ya kamata:
• Ko da ƙaramin rauni ne, a wanke shi da ruwa mai tsafta da sabulu domin hana kamuwa da cuta.
• Sai a shafa ɗan man shafawa na petroleum jelly (Vaseline™) ko man shafawa na fata (Aquaphor™) a kan raunin da auduga sannan a rufe shi da bandeji mai tsabta. Wannan zai taimaka wajen hana ƙura da ƙwayoyin cuta shiga.
• Kare kanka daga lalacewar rana:
• Tsawon lokaci yana lalata fata . Wannan kuma yana shafar fatar jiki, yana hanzarta tsufa, kuma yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansar fata.
• Idan za a fita a rana, a yi amfani da man kare rana mai aƙalla SPF 30 .
• Sanya tufafi da ke rufe fata gwargwadon iyawa (kamar tufafi masu dogon hannu da huluna).

Ka tuna, fatar jikinka tana kama da zuciyar fatarka. Ko da ƙaramin ƙoƙari don kiyaye ta lafiya zai iya yin babban tasiri ga lafiyar jikinka gaba ɗaya!

To, duk da cewa fatarmu ita ce tsakiyar fatarmu, hidimar da take yi ba ta da wani muhimmanci, ko ba haka ba? Daga kare mu daga duniyar waje, zuwa samar mana da abubuwan da ke ji, zuwa daidaita zafin jikinmu ta hanyar gumi, wannan fatarmu tana taimaka mana. Saboda haka, alhakinmu ne mu kula da ita. Za mu iya kiyaye lafiyar fatarmu ta hanyar yin abubuwa masu sauƙi kamar shan ruwa mai yawa, magance raunuka yadda ya kamata, da kuma kare kanmu daga rana.

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