Shin matakin iskar oxygen na jininka daidai ne? Bari mu koyi game da gwajin ABG (Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyin Jini) ta hanya mai sauƙi!

Duk mun san muhimmancin iskar oxygen ga jikinmu. Numfashi yadda ya kamata da kuma samun isasshen iskar oxygen a cikin jini yana da mahimmanci don kasancewa cikin koshin lafiya. Don haka, wani lokacin likitoci suna buƙatar sanin ainihin adadin iskar oxygen da carbon dioxide a cikin jininku. A lokacin ne ake yin wannan gwajin da ake kira ABG (Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi).

Menene wannan gwajin ABG (Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyin Jini)?

A taƙaice dai, gwajin ABG (Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi) gwaji ne da ke amfani da samfurin jini da aka ɗauka daga jijiyarka don auna adadin iskar oxygen da carbon dioxide a cikin jininka. Ka yi tunani a kai, akwai nau'ikan jijiyoyin jini guda biyu a jikinmu, ɗaya ita ce jijiyoyin jini, ɗayan kuma ita ce jijiyoyin jini. Jijiyoyin jini suna ɗauke da jini mai tsabta, mai wadataccen iskar oxygen daga zuciya zuwa sauran jikin. Don haka, don wannan gwajin ABG, ana ɗaukar samfurin jini daga waɗannan jijiyoyin.

Wannan gwajin ba wai kawai yana auna iskar oxygen da carbon dioxide ba, har ma da ma'aunin acid-base , ko pH, na jininka. Jikinmu yawanci yana daidaita matakan iskar oxygen da carbon dioxide a cikin jininmu sosai. Idan matakin iskar oxygen a cikin jininmu ya faɗi (wanda muke kira 'hypoxemia' a likitanci), yana iya haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani . Yana iya lalata kwakwalwarka da zuciyarka musamman.

Gwajin ABG yana taimaka wa likitoci su fahimci cututtukan da suka shafi tsarin numfashi , tsarin zagayawar jini , da kuma hanyoyin rayuwa (yadda kake mayar da abincin da kake ci zuwa makamashi). Wannan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci musamman a lokutan gaggawa .

Akwai wani gwaji da ake kira "binciken iskar jini." A cikin wannan gwajin, ana iya ɗaukar samfurin jini daga ko'ina a cikin jiki (jijiya, jijiyar jini, ko kuma capillary). Duk da haka, a cikin gwajin ABG, dole ne a ɗauki jini daga jijiyar jini .

Wannan gwajin ABG yana da wasu sunaye da dama:

• Gwajin iskar gas na jini
• Iskar jini ta jijiya
• ABG
• Binciken iskar gas ta jini

Menene ainihin ma'aunin gwajin ABG?

Gwajin ABG yawanci yana aunawa:

• Yawan iskar oxygen (O2CT) : Wannan yana auna adadin iskar oxygen da ke cikin jininka.
• Hemoglobin : Hemoglobin wani furotin ne da ake samu a cikin jajayen ƙwayoyin jininmu wanda ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen a cikin jiki. Wannan yana auna adadin haemoglobin.
• Cikakken iskar oxygen (O2Sat) : Wannan yana auna adadin iskar oxygen da haemoglobin da ke cikin jininka ke ɗauka.
• Matsin iskar oxygen na wani ɓangare (PaO2) : Wannan yana auna matsin iskar oxygen da ke narkewa a cikin jininka. Yana nuna yadda iskar oxygen ke shiga cikin jininka daga huhunka.
• Matsin carbon dioxide na wani ɓangare (PaCO2): Wannan yana auna adadin carbon dioxide a cikin jininka da kuma yadda ake cire carbon dioxide daga jikinka.
• pH (`pH`) : Wannan yana auna daidaito tsakanin acid da tushe a cikin jininka. Yawanci, pH na jini ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 7.35 da 7.45. Duk wani abu da ya yi ƙasa da haka ana ɗaukarsa mai yawan acid, kuma duk wani abu da ya fi haka ana ɗaukarsa mai yawan acid ko alkaline .
• Bicarbonate (`Bicarbonate - HCO3`) : Ana ƙididdige wannan ta amfani da pH da PaCO2. Yana ƙayyade adadin mahaɗin tushe da aka samar daga carbon dioxide.

Yaushe ake yin gwajin ABG?

Likitoci yawanci suna yin odar gwajin ABG a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi:

• Maganin gaggawa : Wannan yana nufin cututtuka ko haɗurra waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawar likita nan take.
• Anesthesiology : Fannin likitanci da ya shafi kula da marasa lafiya kafin, lokacin, da kuma bayan tiyata.
• Ilimin Huhu : Fannin da ke magance cututtukan da suka shafi tsarin numfashi.

Likitoci suna amfani da gwajin ABG don gano wasu cututtuka, ciki har da:

• Ciwon damuwa na numfashi mai tsanani (ARDS) : Wannan cuta ce ta huhu da ke barazana ga rayuwa wadda ke haifar da ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin jini. Yana iya faruwa ne sakamakon cututtuka kamar su sepsis da COVID-19.
• Ciwon sepsis mai tsanani : Ciwon sepsis wani yanayi ne na gaggawa na lafiya wanda ke barazana ga rayuwa sakamakon amsawar jikinka ga kamuwa da cuta.
• Girgizar Septic : Wannan kuma yanayi ne mai barazana ga rayuwa wanda hawan jininka ke raguwa cikin haɗari bayan kamuwa da cuta.
• Girgizar Hypovolemic : Yanayi na gaggawa wanda zuciya ba ta iya fitar da isasshen jini zuwa jiki saboda yawan zubar jini ko asarar wasu ruwaye.
• Ciwon Ketoacidosis mai alaƙa da ciwon suga (DKA) : Wannan wata babbar matsala ce mai barazana ga rayuwa wadda ke shafar mutanen da ke fama da ciwon suga (musamman ciwon suga na nau'in 1) da kuma waɗanda ba a gano su ba, ciwon suga na nau'in 1. Yana sa jini ya zama mai tsami.
• Ciwon koda (Renal tubular acidosis) : A wannan yanayin, kodanku ba sa cire sinadarin acid daga jininku yadda ya kamata zuwa fitsarinku, wanda hakan ke sa jininku ya zama mai yawan sinadarin acid.
• Matsalar numfashi mai tsanani : Wannan shine lokacin da ruwa ke taruwa a cikin jakar iska a cikin huhu, wanda hakan ke sa huhu ya yi wahala ya fitar da iskar oxygen zuwa jini.
• Rashin ƙarfin zuciya mai tsanani: Wannan yanayi ne da zuciya ke raunana ba zato ba tsammani kuma aikinsa yana da iyaka.
• Ciwon Zuciya : Wannan shine lokacin da zuciyarka ta daina bugawa ba zato ba tsammani.
• Ciwon Asma : Ƙara yawan alamun cutar asma kwatsam wanda ke faruwa sakamakon matse tsokoki da ke kewaye da hanyoyin iska.
• Kurakuran da aka haifa a cikin metabolism : Waɗannan yanayi ne da ba kasafai ake samu ba, na gado (gado) wanda jikinka ba zai iya canza abinci zuwa makamashi yadda ya kamata ba.

Idan kana da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan cututtukan huhu, likitanka zai iya yin gwajin ABG don ganin ko maganinka yana aiki yadda ya kamata:

• Asma
• Cutar toshewar huhu ta yau da kullun (COPD)
• Ciwon Fibrosis na Ciki
• Ciwon zuciya

Wa ke yin gwajin ABG?

Mai ilimin numfashi yawanci yana ɗaukar jini don gwajin ABG. Yana ɗaukar jini daga jijiyar da ke wuyan hannu, hannu, ko makwancin kugu. Sannan suna gwada samfurin jinin da kansu, ko kuma suna aika shi da sauri zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, inda masana kimiyyar dakin gwaje-gwaje na likita ke gwada samfurin.

Me ke faruwa kafin gwajin ABG?

Kafin mai ilimin numfashi ya ɗauki jini daga wuyan hannunka, zai iya yin gwajin kwararar jini da ake kira gwajin Allen . Wannan ya haɗa da ɗaga hannunka sama da hannunka a cikin dunkulallen hannu. Mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali zai danna jijiyar da ke cikin wuyan hannunka na ɗan lokaci. Wannan gwaji mai sauƙi yana duba ko jijiyoyi biyu a cikin wuyan hannunka suna aiki yadda ya kamata kuma a buɗe suke.

Idan kana shan ƙarin maganin iskar oxygen, mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na iya kashe iskar oxygen ɗinka kimanin mintuna 20 kafin a ɗauki jinin. Ana kiran wannan gwajin iskar daki . Amma, idan ba za ka iya yin numfashi ba tare da ƙarin iskar oxygen ba, ba za su yi wannan gwajin ba.

Wane irin kwarewa kake samu yayin yin gwajin ABG?

Yawancin gwaje-gwajen jini suna ɗaukar jini daga jijiyarka. Amma don gwajin ABG, mai ilimin numfashi yana ɗaukar samfurin jini daga jijiyarka . Wannan saboda jinin jijiyoyin jini yana da iskar oxygen mafi girma fiye da jinin jijiyoyin jini.

Mai ilimin numfashi yawanci yana ɗaukar jini daga jijiyar radial da ke cikin wuyan hannu. Wani lokaci kuma yana iya ɗaukar jini daga jijiyar hannu a hannunka (jijiyar brachial) ko kuma kugu (jijiyar femoral).

Idan jariri ya buƙaci gwajin ABG, likita zai iya ɗaukar jini daga diddige ko igiyar jariri.

Muhimmi: Shan jini daga jijiyar jini yawanci yana ɗan yi wa mutum ciwo fiye da shan jini daga jijiyar. Wannan saboda jijiyar jini ta fi zurfi a jiki fiye da jijiyar jini, kuma suna da jijiyoyi a kusa da su. Za ka iya jin ɗan jiri, ko kuma tashin zuciya idan aka sha jinin.

Ga matakan da za a bi yayin shan jini don gwajin ABG:

1. Za a zauna a kujera ko a kan gado. Mai ba da shawara kan numfashi zai sami jijiyar jini, yawanci a cikin wuyan hannunka. Hakanan za su iya amfani da na'urar daukar hoton ultrasound ('hoton duban dan tayi') don nemo jijiyar.

2. Da zarar an gano jijiyar, sai a tsaftace wurin sannan a yi wa yankin maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.

3. Sannan za su saka ƙaramin allura a cikin jijiyarka su ɗauki samfurin jini. Za ka iya jin zafi mai tsanani yayin da allurar ta shiga cikin jijiyar.

4. Bayan an saka allurar, ana tattara ƙaramin jini a cikin sirinji.

5. Bayan sun sha isasshen jini don gwajin, za su cire allurar su shafa a wurin da auduga ko gauze don dakatar da zubar jinin. Idan kuna shan maganin rage jini, kuna iya buƙatar riƙe matsin na tsawon minti biyar zuwa goma ko fiye.

6. Sun sanya bandeji a wurin. Sannan aikin ya kammala.

Me za ku iya tsammani bayan gwajin ABG?

Za ka iya jin wani rauni da/ko ciwo a inda aka saka allurar. Likitanka zai iya gaya maka kada ka ɗaga wani abu mai nauyi na tsawon awanni 24 bayan an cire jinin.

Akwai wasu haɗari da gwajin ABG?

Idan mai ilimin numfashi ya yi wannan gwajin daidai, gwajin ABG ba shi da haɗari sosai . Jijiyoyin jikin kowa suna da girma daban-daban, kuma suna bambanta daga gefe ɗaya na jiki zuwa ɗayan. Don haka yana iya ɗan yi wa wasu wahala a sami jini fiye da wasu.

Hadarin da ke tattare da ɗaukar jini don gwajin ABG ba shi da yawa, amma irin waɗannan abubuwa na iya faruwa:

• Jin jiri ko kuma jin kasala.
• Dole ne a huda allura sau da yawa don gano jijiyar.
• Kumburin jini (hematoma - tarin jini a ƙarƙashin fata).
• Zubar jini mai yawa.
• Kamuwa da cuta (akwai ƙaramin haɗari a duk lokacin da fata ta karye).

Tsawon wane lokaci ake ɗauka kafin a sami sakamakon gwajin ABG?

Gwaje-gwajen ABG yawanci suna ba da sakamako cikin sauri . Masu ilimin numfashi da masana kimiyyar dakin gwaje-gwaje galibi suna amfani da na'urorin nazarin iskar jini ta atomatik, waɗanda za su iya samar da sakamako cikin mintuna 10-15.

Me sakamakon gwajin ABG ya ce?

Rahotannin gwajin jini, gami da rahotannin gwajin ABG, yawanci suna ɗauke da waɗannan bayanai:

• Sunan gwajin jini ko abin da aka auna a cikin jininka.
• Lambar ko auna sakamakon gwajin jininka.
• Wannan shine ma'aunin da aka saba amfani da shi don gwajin.
• Bayani da ke nuna ko sakamakonka na al'ada ne, na rashin kyau, ko kuma babba ko ƙasa.

Idan sakamakon gwajin ABG ɗinku bai yi daidai ba, yana iya nufin abubuwa kamar:

• Ba ka samun isasshen iskar oxygen.
• Ba ka fitar da isasshen iskar carbon dioxide ba.
• Jininku yana da rashin daidaiton pH (ko dai ya yi acidic ko kuma alkaline sosai).

Gwajin ABG zai iya taimakawa wajen gano wasu cututtuka. Idan sakamakon bincikenka bai yi daidai ba, likitanka zai iya yin odar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje (kamar wasu gwaje-gwajen jini da/ko duban dan tayi) don tabbatarwa ko kawar da ganewar asali.

Menene ƙimar da aka saba amfani da ita don gwajin ABG?

Matsakaicin ma'auni na iya bambanta kaɗan daga dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. Lokacin da ka sami sakamakon gwajin jininka, za su haɗa da bayanai da ke nuna ma'aunin ma'auni na yau da kullun ga kowane ma'auni daga wannan dakin gwaje-gwajen. Idan kana da wasu tambayoyi game da sakamakonka, tabbatar da tambayar likitanka .

Gabaɗaya, matsakaicin ƙimar a matakin teku kamar haka:

• pH : 7.35-7.45
• Matsin iskar oxygen na wani ɓangare (`PaO2`) : milimita 75 zuwa 100 na mercury (mmHg)
• Matsin carbon dioxide na wani ɓangare (`PaCO2`) : 35 zuwa 45 mmHg
• Bicarbonate (`HCO3`) : milliequivalents 22 zuwa 26 a kowace lita (mEq/L)
• Cikakken Iskar Oxygen (`O2Sat` ko `SaO2`) : 95% zuwa 100%

A tsayin ƙafa 3,000 (mita 900) zuwa sama, matsakaicin matakin iskar oxygen ya yi ƙasa sosai.

Yaushe ya kamata in ga likitana?

Idan kana da cutar huhu mai tsanani kamar COPD ko asma, za ka buƙaci ganin likitanka akai-akai kuma a yi maka gwaje-gwajen ABG don tabbatar da cewa maganinka yana aiki yadda ya kamata. Idan ka ga wasu alamu masu tayar da hankali da suka shafi cutar huhunka, yi magana da likitanka da wuri-wuri.

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna

Gwajin ABG kayan aiki ne mai amfani wajen gano wasu cututtuka , musamman a wasu yanayi na gaggawa. Likitoci kuma suna amfani da wannan gwajin don sa ido kan wasu yanayin lafiya. Idan kuna yin gwajin ABG, ku tuna cewa hanya ce ta ɗan bambanta da gwajin jini na yau da kullun, kuma yana iya zama ɗan zafi. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da aikin ko abin da za ku yi tsammani, kada ku yi jinkirin tambayar likitan ku . Suna nan don taimaka muku.

Gwajin iskar gas ta jini, iskar gas ta jini, iskar oxygen, iskar carbon dioxide, ƙimar pH, tsarin numfashi, gwaje-gwajen likita