An duba jinin haemoglobin ɗinka? Bari mu yi magana game da gwajin Hemoglobin Electrophoresis!

Sannu! Yau za mu yi magana game da gwajin jini wanda wataƙila ya zama sabon abu a gare ku, amma yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen gano wasu cututtuka. Wannan gwaji ne da ake kira Hemoglobin Electrophoresis . Wataƙila likitanku ya nemi ku yi wannan gwajin, ko kuma kun ji wannan sunan a wani wuri. Ko da yake sunan yana da ɗan tsayi, kada ku ji tsoro! Yana da sauƙi sosai. Za mu yi magana a kai a sarari a cikin wannan labarin a yau.

Menene Hemoglobin Electrophoresis?

A taƙaice dai, wannan hanya ce ta nazarin wani furotin da ake kira hemoglobin a cikin ƙwayoyin jininmu masu ja. Za ku iya tuna cewa hemoglobin muhimmin furotin ne wanda ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen a cikin jikinmu kuma yana ba wa ƙwayoyin jinin ja launin ja. Tsarin halittarmu yana sarrafa samar da wannan haemoglobin yadda ya kamata.

Duk da haka, wani lokacin, wasu canje-canje, ko maye gurbi, na iya faruwa a cikin kwayoyin halittar da ke sarrafa haemoglobin. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, maimakon ƙwayoyin jinin ja masu lafiya, ƙwayoyin jinin ja da suka lalace, waɗanda ba su da aiki, suna fara samuwa. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin da suka lalace suna narkewa da sauri, wanda zai iya haifar da yanayi kamar anemia , ko cututtuka masu tsanani da suka shafi jini kamar sickle cell anemia da thalassemia .

Don haka, wannan gwajin electrophoresis na haemoglobin yana bawa likitoci damar gano ko akwai irin waɗannan yanayi. Haka kuma, wannan gwajin yana ɗaya daga cikin gwaje-gwaje kaɗan da ake yi wa jarirai. Yana taimakawa wajen gano cututtuka masu wuya amma masu yuwuwar tsanani kamar cutar sikila.

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin gwajin haemoglobin da electrophoresis na haemoglobin?

Wannan kuma shine inda mutane da yawa ke rikicewa. Gwajin haemoglobin na yau da kullun yana auna adadin haemoglobin a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ku. Wato, yana duba ko haemoglobin ɗinku yana da ƙasa, babba, ko kuma na al'ada.

Duk da haka, gwajin electrophoresis na haemoglobin yana yin wani abu mai zurfi fiye da haka. Yana nazarin nau'ikan haemoglobin daban-daban a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ku, da kuma adadin kowanne nau'in da ke akwai. Shin kun fahimci bambancin? Ɗaya yana kallon adadin, ɗayan kuma yana kallon nau'ikan da adadin waɗannan nau'ikan.

To, menene waɗannan nau'ikan haemoglobin?

Likitoci yawanci suna mai da hankali kan manyan nau'ikan haemoglobin guda huɗu a cikin wannan gwajin. Bari mu ɗan ƙara koyo game da su.

• Hemoglobin A1 da A2 (HgbA1 da HgbA2): Wannan nau'in hemoglobin, wanda ake kira hemoglobin A1, shine nau'in da ya fi yawa a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja na babba mai lafiya. Hemoglobin A2 ƙaramin nau'i ne, wanda ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 2% zuwa 3% na jimlar hemoglobin. Ana kuma kiran waɗannan "hemoglobin manya."

• Hemoglobin F (HgbF): Wannan ana kiransa "Hemoglobin Fetal"Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, ana samun wannan nau'in HgbF a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja na tayi, jarirai, da yara har zuwa kimanin shekaru 3. Duk da haka, yana iya zama abin mamaki a sami matakin HgbF mafi girma fiye da yadda aka saba a cikin jinin babba.

• Hemoglobin S (HgbS): Wannan nau'in haemoglobin babban siffa ne na cutar sickle cell anemia . Ciwon sickle cell anemia wani mummunan yanayi ne wanda ke cikin rukunin cututtukan sickle cell . Wannan yanayin ya zama ruwan dare musamman ga mutanen da suka fito daga Afirka . HgbS yana sa ƙwayoyin jinin ja su canza zuwa siffar sickle, wanda zai iya toshe tasoshin jini.

• Hemoglobin C (HgbC): Wannan nau'in hemoglobin yana da alaƙa da wata cuta da ake kira hemolytic anemia . Wannan yanayi ne da ƙwayoyin jinin ja ke lalacewa da sauri fiye da ƙwayoyin halitta na yau da kullun ko kuma tsawon rayuwarsu ya gajarta. Kamar cutar sickle cell anemia, wannan yanayin HgbC ya fi yawa a cikin mutanen da suka fito daga Afirka .

Yanzu ya bayyana a gare ku cewa akwai nau'ikan haemoglobin da yawa, kuma kowane nau'in yana da takamaiman ayyuka da tasirinsa.

Ta yaya ake yin wannan gwajin? Ta yaya ake ɗaukar samfurin jinin?

Domin yin wannan gwajin, muna buƙatar samfurin jini kawai. Likitoci, akwai hanyoyi da dama na ɗaukar wannan samfurin jini. Bari mu ga menene su.

1. Zubar da jinin jijiyoyin jini

Wannan ita ce hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita wajen tattara jini daga manya da yara manya. Wataƙila ka ba da jini ta wannan hanyar.

• Da farko, ma'aikaciyar jinya ko likita za ta tsaftace yankin da jijiyarka take a hannunka da barasa.
• Sannan, sai su sanya maka tourniquet, su matse shi, sannan su roƙe ka ka matse hannunka. Wannan zai sa jijiyoyin su bayyana sosai kuma ya sauƙaƙa ɗaukar jini.
• Bayan haka, ma'aikaciyar jinya za ta saka allura a cikin jijiyar. A wannan lokacin, za ka iya jin ɗan ciwo, kamar tururuwa ta cije ka. Amma yana ɗaukar 'yan daƙiƙa kaɗan ne kawai.
• A tattara jinin da ake buƙata a cikin ƙaramin kwalba sannan a aika shi dakin gwaje-gwaje don gwaji.
• Bayan an ɗauko jinin, sai a shafa ƙaramin siminti a wurin da aka saka allurar. Yankin na iya ɗan yi rauni kaɗan, har ma ya yi shuɗi na tsawon kwanaki. Wannan abu ne na al'ada, kada ku damu.

2. Sanda mai yatsa

Sau da yawa ana amfani da wannan hanyar don ɗaukar samfurin jini daga ƙananan yara.

• Wannan ya ƙunshi huda yatsan yaron da ƙaramin kayan aiki da kuma shan ɗigon jini kaɗan.
• Ana sanya jinin a kan wani tsiri na gwaji da aka tsara musamman ko kuma a cikin ƙaramin kwalba.
• A wasu lokutan, akwai na'urori da za su iya tattara jini su zuba a lokaci guda. Wannan hanya ce mai sauri da sauƙi.

3. Sanda ta diddige

Ana yin wannan ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na gwajin lafiyar jarirai. Yawanci ana yin wannan gwajin cikin awanni 48 da haihuwar jariri.

• A cikin wannan, ana saka ƙaramin allura a ƙarƙashin diddigen jariri sannan a sami ɗigon jini kaɗan.
• A wannan lokacin, ko dai uwa ko uba za su iya riƙe jaririn. Sannan jaririn ma zai ji daɗi.
• Ana ɗaukar samfurin jinin a aika shi dakin gwaje-gwaje bayan an shafa masa a kan takarda.
• Ana amfani da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen don tantance jarirai don ganin alamun cututtuka masu wuya amma waɗanda za a iya magance su kamar cutar sikila, wanda ke nufin suna da bambance-bambancen haemoglobin marasa kyau.

Ta yaya za a yi nazarin wannan samfurin jinin a dakin gwaje-gwaje?

To, yanzu mun ɗauki samfurin jini. Me zai faru a gaba? A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ana raba waɗannan nau'ikan haemoglobin kuma ana gano su ta hanya mai ban sha'awa. Wannan ana kiransa ta amfani da cajin lantarki . Manyan nau'ikan haemoglobin suna da cajin lantarki daban-daban.

Ga yadda wannan gwajin yawanci yake aiki:

• Da farko, ana raba ƙwayoyin jinin ja daga samfurin jinin sannan a narkar da shi. Wannan samfurin ƙwayoyin jinin ja da aka narkar ana sanya shi a kan wani tsiri na musamman, kamar tsiri na cellulose .
• Sannan, za a sanya tsiri da ke ɗauke da samfurin a cikin injin da ake kira ɗakin electrophoresis . Wannan injin yana ratsa wutar lantarki ta cikin samfurin.
• Dangane da wutar lantarki, nau'in haemoglobin mai caji daban-daban yana rabuwa da juna kuma yana tafiya tare da tsiri a cikin gudu daban-daban.
• Daga ƙarshe, waɗannan nau'ikan haemoglobin da aka raba suna bayyana a matsayin nau'ikan launuka daban-daban a kan tsiri.
• Na gaba, ƙwararrun likitoci suna kwatanta waɗannan sakamakon gwaji da sakamakon samfurin haemoglobin na yau da kullun daga mutum mai lafiya.
• Idan matakin wani nau'in haemoglobin ya fi girma ko ƙasa da yadda aka saba, yana iya zama alamar rashin lafiyar jini. Misali, idan nau'in haemoglobin S (HgbS) ɗinka ya bambanta da HgbS na mutum na yau da kullun, yana iya zama alama cewa kana da cutar sikila.

Ka yi tunanin haka, kamar lokacin da ka jefa duwatsu masu nauyi daban-daban a cikin rafin ruwa, duwatsun suna tafiya nesa daban-daban dangane da nauyinsu. A nan, wutar lantarki tana aiki kamar wannan "rafin ruwa."

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin mayar da hankali ga isoelectric (IEF) da electrophoresis?

Isoelectric focusing (IEF) wata hanya ce da ake amfani da ita don gano nau'ikan haemoglobin marasa kyau. IEF da electrophoresis suna amfani da kwararar lantarki don raba nau'ikan haemoglobin. Duk da haka, akwai wasu bambance-bambancen fasaha tsakanin hanyoyin biyu. Wani lokaci, ana iya amfani da hanyoyin biyu don gano nau'ikan haemoglobin daidai.

Har yaushe ne rahoton zai isa?

Gwajin na iya ɗaukar kimanin awa ɗaya kafin a kammala a dakin gwaje-gwaje. Duk da haka, yana iya ɗaukar ƴan kwanaki kafin likitanka ya karɓi sakamakon, ya sake duba su, sannan ya yi maka bayani. Don haka kada ka yi tsammanin rahoton nan da nan bayan gwajin. Likitan zai gaya maka ranar da kake buƙatar zuwa don karɓar rahoton.

Me rahotona yake nufi? Ta yaya zan fahimta?

Wannan shine mafi mahimmanci. Rahoton electrophoresis na haemoglobin ɗinku zai lissafa wasu jeri ga kowane nau'in haemoglobin. Misali, idan matakin hemoglobin F (HgbF) ɗinku ya fi na al'ada girma, yana iya zama alamar wani nau'in thalassemia.

Amma, kana buƙatar tunawa da wannan sosai:

Kada ka yanke shawara game da kowace cuta bisa ga alkaluman da ke cikin rahoton. Wannan sashe ɗaya ne kawai na ganewar cutar. Mafi kyawun mutumin da zai fahimci ainihin abin da ke cikin rahotonka da kuma yadda yake shafar lafiyarka shine likitanka . Zai yi la'akari da komai daga alamominka, sauran sakamakon gwaji, da tarihin lafiyarka don yin cikakken ganewar asali.

Idan akwai wasu matsaloli a cikin rahotona, ya kamata in kira likita?

Eh, babu shakka. Idan an yi muku wannan gwajin haemoglobin electrophoresis saboda wata alama (misali, yawan gajiya, faɗuwa, da kuma wahalar numfashi), ya kamata ku ga likitanku nan da nan don tattauna sakamakon rahoton.

Gwajin hasken haemoglobin electrophoresis yana ba mu hoton nau'ikan haemoglobin a cikin jininku a wannan lokacin. Matakan haemoglobin hanya ce ta tantance wannan muhimmin furotin a cikin ƙwayoyin jininmu masu ja. Canji mara kyau a matakin wani nau'in haemoglobin na iya zama alamar cewa kuna iya samun wata matsala ta lafiya.

Idan sakamakon gwajin ku ko na ɗanku ya nuna cewa kuna da wata mummunar cuta, yana da sauƙi ku ji tsoro da damuwa kawai ta hanyar kallon hoton. Musamman idan ya shafi lafiyar ƙaramin yaronku ko jariri, abu ne na al'ada a ji kamar an yi muku yawa. Amma ku yi ƙoƙarin kallon babban hoton maimakon firgita. Mutumin da ya fi dacewa da ku da shi shine likitanku. Zai iya bayyana yadda wannan "hoton" ya dace da lafiyar ku gaba ɗaya da kuma abin da kuke buƙatar yi a gaba.

Saƙon Ɗauka Gida

Ina fatan yanzu kun fahimci gwajin haemoglobin electrophoresis da muka tattauna a yau. Ga wasu abubuwa da ya kamata ku tuna:

• Hemoglobin electrophoresis wani gwaji ne na musamman na jini wanda ke gano nau'ikan haemoglobin daban-daban a cikin jini da adadinsu.
• Wannan yana taimakawa wajen gano cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da jini kamar su cutar sickle cell anemia da thalassemia .
• JariraiAna kuma yin hakan a matsayin wani ɓangare na binciken lafiya.
• Ana raba nau'ikan haemoglobin ta hanyar ɗaukar samfurin jini da amfani da wutar lantarki .
• Kullum ka yi magana da likitanka, ba wai ka yi ƙoƙarin fahimtar sakamakon rahoton da kanka ba.
• Idan sakamakon bai yi daidai ba, kada ku firgita ku bi umarnin likitan ku. Gano cutar da wuri shine matakin farko na samun nasarar magani.

Muna fatan wannan bayanin zai amfane ku. Ku kasance cikin koshin lafiya!

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis, Hemoglobin, Jajayen Kwayoyin Jini, Rashin Jini, Ciwon Sikila, Thalassemia