Menene wannan murfin myelin da ke kewaye da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyinmu? Bari mu yi magana dalla-dalla game da shi!

Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin yadda ƙananan manzannin da ke cikin jikinmu, wato ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, ke aiki da sauri da kuma wayo? A gaskiya ma, dukkan jikinmu, tun daga yadda muke tunani har zuwa yadda muke motsa hannayenmu da ƙafafunmu, wannan tsarin jijiyoyi yana ƙarƙashin iko. Don haka a yau za mu yi magana game da wani abu mai mahimmanci wanda ke taimaka wa waɗannan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi su yi aiki yadda ya kamata. Wannan shine Myelin Sheath .

Menene Myelin Sheath? Bari mu fahimce shi a taƙaice!

A taƙaice dai, murfin myelin wani rufi ne mai kariya wanda ke naɗe kowace ƙwayar jijiya (wanda muke kira `(Neuron)`). Kamar ƙaramin safar hannu ne. An yi shi da kitse (wato `(Lipids)`) da furotin. Wannan murfin yana rufe babban ɓangaren "ganga" na ƙwayar jijiya, wanda ake kira axon . Ka yi tunaninsa kamar wayar lantarki a gidajenmu. Yana da murfin filastik a kusa da wayoyin jan ƙarfe. Haka wannan murfin myelin ke kare ƙwayoyin jijiya kuma yana taimaka musu su yi aiki yadda ya kamata.

Menene sassan jijiyoyi? Kamar itace ne!

Kafin mu yi magana game da murfin myelin, bari mu fahimci menene ƙwayar jijiya da kuma sassanta. Ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi suna samar da tsarin jijiyoyinmu . Wannan tsarin jijiya yana kama da babban cibiyar musayar bayanai a jikinmu. Yana karɓar bayanai daga ko'ina cikin jiki, yana amsawa da shi, kuma yana daidaitawa da abin da ke faruwa a ciki da wajen jiki. Idan muka yi la'akari da ƙwayar jijiya, yana da manyan sassa uku. Ka yi tunanin cewa ƙwayar jijiya tana kama da itace : 1. Jikin Soma ko Kwayar Halitta: Wannan yana kama da tsarin tushen itace. Dendrites , waɗanda suke kama da tushen soma, suna shan "abinci" daga ƙasa. Amma a nan, "abinci mai gina jiki" saƙonnin sinadarai ne da ke fitowa daga wasu ƙwayoyin jijiya da ke kusa. Sannan ana canza waɗannan saƙonni zuwa abubuwan da ke motsa wutar lantarki. Tsarin ƙwayar halitta ma yana cikin wannan soma. 2. Axon: Wannan kamar dogon gangar itace ne. Kamar yadda sinadaran da aka sha daga tushen itace ke hawa gangar jikin, axon kuma yana ɗauke da abubuwan da ke fitowa daga soma tare da shi. 3. Tashar Axon: Wannan kamar ƙuraje ne a ƙarshen rassan bishiya. Ganye da pollen suna fitowa daga waɗannan ƙuraje. Ta wannan hanyar, ana "saki" motsin wutar lantarki daga wannan tashar axon don ƙwayoyin jijiya na gaba su iya ɗaukar su. Wannan tsari yana ci gaba har sai saƙon ya isa ga kwakwalwarka, kashin baya , ko wasu sassan jikinka. Sakamakon shine abubuwa kamar tsokoki waɗanda ke tarawa don motsa hannunka, taimaka maka numfashi, ko sa zuciyarka ta buga. Yanzu za ka iya samun ɗan ra'ayi game da tsarin ƙwayar jijiya.

Me ke faruwa da murfin Myelin?

Sheath ɗin myelin yana da manyan ayyuka guda uku:

• Samar da kariya: Kamar yadda na ambata a baya, wannan murfin furotin mai kitse yana samar da kariya ga kwayar halittar jijiya , kamar murfin filastik da ke kewaye da wayoyin kebul na lantarki.
• Sadarwa cikin sauri: Wannan shine dalilin da yasa motsin lantarki ke tafiya daga ƙwayar jijiya ɗaya zuwa ta gaba cikin sauri da inganci . Ba tare da myelin ba, wannan tafiya za ta yi jinkiri sosai.
• Kiyaye ƙarfin motsin rai: Wannan murfin myelin yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye ƙarfin saƙon yayin da yake tafiya tare da axon.

Ana yin Myelin ta hanyar ƙwayoyin halitta da ake kira oligodendrocytes a cikin kwakwalwarmu da kashin baya (wanda muke kira Tsarin Jijiyoyi na Tsakiya (CNS) . Hakazalika, ƙwayoyin Schwann ne ke yin myelin a cikin Tsarin Jijiyoyi na Peripheral (cibiyar sadarwa ta jijiyoyi a wajen tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya, waɗanda ke yaɗuwa a cikin jiki). Waɗannan jijiyoyi na gefe sune ke aika saƙonni tsakanin tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya da sauran jikin.

Menene sunan gibin da ke cikin murfin myelin?

Kada ka yi tunanin murfin myelin a matsayin wani abu mai kauri da ci gaba. A'a, kamar dogon akwati ne. Inda akwati ɗaya ya ƙare kuma akwati na gaba ya fara, akwai ƙaramin rata. Hakazalika, murfin myelin ya ƙunshi jerin zaren myelin waɗanda suka rabu da juna. Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan zaren myelin ana kiransa internode . Waɗannan ƙananan rata tsakanin zaren myelin guda biyu ana kiransu nodes na Ranvier . Waɗannan nodes na Ranvier suna ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na ions na sodium masu kyau. Lokacin da siginar lantarki, ko bugun jini, ke tafiya tare da axon, yana tsalle daga wani nodes na Ranvier zuwa na gaba. Lokacin da ya ketare wannan rata, ions na sodium suna sake cika siginar lantarki. Sannan siginar za ta iya ci gaba da tafiya ba tare da rasa cajinta ko rasa ƙarfinta ba. Wannan wata hanya ce mai ban mamaki, ko ba haka ba?

Me zai faru idan murfin myelin ya lalace?

An ce akwai kimanin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi biliyan 100 a jikinmu. Kowannensu yana aiki koyaushe, yana aika saƙonni da karɓar su, yana sarrafa kowane aiki a jikinmu. Ka yi tunanin abin da zai faru idan murfin myelin da ke kewaye da waɗannan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi ya lalace. To, saurin siginar lantarki zai ragu, ko kuma zai iya tsayawa gaba ɗaya. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke haifar da lalacewar myelin shine tsarin garkuwar jiki a jikinmu.Kwayoyin halittar suna tunanin cewa myelin wani abu ne da baƙon abu daga waje. Sannan tsarin garkuwar jikinmu ya fara kai hari ga myelin. Wannan yana haifar da samuwar abubuwa masu kumburi, waɗanda ke lalata myelin. Daga ƙarshe, ƙwayoyin da ke yin myelin (oligodendrocytes da ƙwayoyin Schwann) suma suna mutuwa. Wannan lalata murfin myelin ana kiransa demyelination . Dangane da inda aka kai hari ga myelin, alamun za su bambanta.

Waɗanne cututtuka ne ke lalata myelin?

Akwai cututtuka da dama da ke lalata myelin. Wataƙila kun ji labarin wasu daga cikin waɗannan cututtukan.

Cututtukan da ke shafar myelin a cikin tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya (CNS):

Cutar da aka fi sani da yawancin mutane, wacce ke kai hari ga myelin na tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya (wato, kwakwalwa da kashin baya), ita ce multiple sclerosis . Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu cututtuka da dama da ke shafar myelin na tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya:

• Ciwon Encephalomyelitis Mai Tsanani: Wannan wani nau'in rashin lafiya ne mai tsanani, mai tsanani, kuma mai tsanani wanda ke faruwa a cikin tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya.
• Schilder's Sclerosis: Wanda aka fi sani da "Diffuse Myelinoclastic Sclerosis", wannan cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta a cikin yara ba.
• Transverse Myelitis: Wannan cuta ce da ke haifar da kumburi a ƙashin baya.
• Neuromyelitis Optica: A cikin wannan, tsarin garkuwar jiki yana kai hari ga jijiyoyin ido da kashin baya ta hanyar ƙwayoyin rigakafi .
• Ciwon Jijiyoyin Ido: Wannan kuma ya shafi kumburin jijiyar ido.
• Ragewar Tumefactive: Wannan rauni ne guda ɗaya da ke lalata myelin wanda ya fi santimita 2 girma.

Cututtukan da ke shafar myelin a cikin tsarin juyayi na gefe:

• Ciwon Guillain-Barre: Waɗannan alamun na iya faruwa bayan kamuwa da cuta ko, ba kasafai ba, bayan allurar rigakafi.
• Ciwon kumburi na yau da kullun (Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy) ( CIDP ): Wannan cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cututtukan autoimmune da ke kai hari ga myelin.
• Paraproteinemic Demyelinating Neuropathy: Wannan nau'in neuropathy ne da ke da alaƙa da kasancewar wani maganin rigakafi da ke da alaƙa da ciwon daji.
• Cutar Hakora ta Charcot Marie nau'in 1 da nau'in X: Wannan cuta ce ta jijiyoyi da aka gada.
• Rashin Tagulla: Idan matakan tagulla suka yi ƙasa, myelin yana rasa kaddarorin kariya kuma yana iya fuskantar lalacewa.

Waɗanne wasu yanayi ne zasu iya lalata myelin?

Akwai wasu dalilan da yasa za a iya lalata ko lalata murfin myelin a cikin manya:

• Ciwon zuciya
• Cututtuka, Cututtukan Garkuwa da Cututtukan Metabolic ("(Rashin Lafiyar Metabolic)")
• Nau'ikan guba
• Rashin Vitamin B12
• Wasu magunguna, misali `(Ethambutol)`
• Shan barasa fiye da kima

Bugu da ƙari, a cikin cututtuka da dama da ba a taɓa gani ba, ƙurar myelin ba ta samuwa yadda ya kamata. Misalan sun haɗa da Cutar Tay-Sachs , Cutar Gaucher , Ciwon Hurler, da Cutar Niemann-Pick .

Ka yi tunanin irin yadda ayyukan jikinmu za su lalace idan aka toshe waɗannan hanyoyin sauri da ke ɗauke da saƙonni a jikinmu, kamar makale a cikin cunkoson ababen hawa. Shi ya sa lafiyar murfin myelin yake da matuƙar muhimmanci.

Za a iya gyara lalacewar myelin?

Wannan ita ce tambayar da mutane da yawa ke da ita. Eh, ana iya gyara myelin da ya lalace , a cikin tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya da kuma a cikin tsarin jijiyoyi na gefe. Amma yana da mahimmanci a kula da abubuwan da ke haifar da lalacewar myelin, kamar kumburi, da kuma amfani da hana/gyara garkuwar jiki (misali , steroids , globulin garkuwar jiki ta cikin jijiya (IVIG) , da sauran magunguna). Masana kimiyya sun sami babban ci gaba wajen fahimtar hanyoyin da za a iya inganta gyaran myelin. Kodayake akwai wasu bincike masu kyau, har yanzu ba a fayyace irin fa'idar da suka samu ga marasa lafiya ba. A halin yanzu babu magunguna da aka amince da su don gyaran myelin. Ga wasu misalai kaɗan daga binciken:

• Wani ƙaramin gwaji na asibiti na Phase II ya nuna cewa maganin antihistamine na baki clemastine yana da kaddarorin gyaran myelin. Clemastine ya inganta watsa siginar lantarki a cikin marasa lafiya da yawa na sclerosis tare da lalacewar jijiyoyi na gani. Wani gwajin farko na ɗan adam ya gano cewa haɗin maganin ciwon sukari metformin da clemastine ya taimaka wajen sake farfaɗo da myelin.
• Kwayoyin TusheTa hanyar toshe wani kwayar halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin oligodendrocyte, waɗanda ke yin myelin a cikin tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya (waɗannan su ne "tubalan gini" na duk nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta), beraye masu alamun cutar sclerosis da yawa sun sami damar gyara myelin ɗinsu kuma sun murmure har zuwa wani mataki.
• Bincike ya ci gaba da nuna yiwuwar ƙwayoyin halitta na gyaran lalacewar myelin da kuma rage ci gaban cutar.
• Wasu magunguna sun nuna alƙawarin kare tsarin jijiyoyi daga ƙarin lalacewa. Maganin hana kumburi ibudilast ya rage yawan mutuwar ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa (atrophy) sosai a gwajin Mataki na II. An nuna cewa maganin farfadiya phenytoin yana da aminci, yana rage lalacewar myelin da kashi 30% idan aka kwatanta da placebo. Lipoic acid na antioxidant na iya taimakawa wajen hana ƙarin lalacewa ga zaruruwan jijiyoyi.

Saƙon Ɗauka Gida

Don haka, yanzu za ku iya ganin yadda wannan murfin myelin yake da mahimmanci ga lafiyar tsarin jijiyoyinmu. Myelin yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen aiki na waɗannan biliyoyin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi waɗanda ke sadarwa da kowane ɓangare na jikinmu kuma suna sarrafa komai.

• Myelin wani abu ne mai kariya wanda aka yi da kitse da furotin wanda ke kewaye da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi.
• Yana taimakawa motsin jijiyoyi su yi tafiya cikin sauri da inganci.
• Lalacewar myelin na iya haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani kamar su sclerosis mai yawa.
• Ana ci gaba da bincike kan hanyoyin magancewa da gyara cututtukan da ke haifar da lalacewar myelin.

Cututtuka da yanayi da yawa na iya shafar myelin. Ciwon sclerosis mai yawa shine mafi shahara daga cikin waɗannan. Amma labari mai daɗi shine cewa masu bincike suna ci gaba da neman hanyoyin karewa, gyarawa, da kuma sake farfaɗo da myelin. Kuma suna samun ci gaba a yin hakan. Don haka, akwai bege!

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Myelin, sheath ta myelin, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, tsarin juyayi, tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, tsarin juyayi na gefe, demyelination, sclerosis da yawa