Shin ka san wannan ƙaramin malam buɗe ido da ke wuyanka? Bari mu yi magana game da glandar thyroid!

Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin ƙaramin gaɓar da ke ƙarƙashin fata a gaban wuyanka? Wannan shine glandar thyroid. Wani ɓangare ne mai ban mamaki amma mai mahimmanci na jikinmu. A taƙaice dai, wannan ƙaramin mutum yana sarrafa ayyuka mafi mahimmanci a jikinmu.

Menene glandar thyroid? Kuma menene tsarin endocrine?

To, bari mu fara fahimtar menene wannan glandar thyroid. Na taɓa faɗi a baya, ƙaramin gland ne mai siffar malam buɗe ido . A takaice dai, yana gaban wuyanka, a ƙasa da bututun iska. Wannan wani ɓangare ne na tsarin endocrine ɗinmu. Yanzu kana tambaya, "Menene tsarin endocrine, likita?" Ka yi tunanin, muna da tarin ƙananan masana'antu a jikinmu. Waɗannan masana'antu suna yin sinadarai na musamman da ake kira hormones . Hanyar sadarwa ta waɗannan masana'antu ita ce abin da muke kira tsarin endocrine. Hormones da waɗannan gland ke yi suna shiga kai tsaye cikin jini, suna tafiya a cikin jiki, kuma suna ɗaukar saƙonni zuwa ga gabobin jiki daban-daban, fata, da tsokoki. Suna kama da manzanni a jikinmu. Suna gaya wa jikinmu abin da za a yi da lokacin da za a yi shi. Ga wasu gland waɗanda suke ɓangare na tsarin endocrine ɗinmu:

• Hypothalamus
• Ciwon Pituitary
• Ciwon parathyroid
• Glandan adrenal
• Pineal gland shine
• Pancreas
• Kwai (a cikin mata)
• Gwangwani (namiji)

Babban aikin glandar thyroid shine sarrafa yawan metabolism ɗinmu. "Metabolism" kawai yana nufin tsarin da abincin da muke ci yake canzawa zuwa makamashi. Kowace ƙwayar halitta a jikinmu tana buƙatar makamashi don aiki. Thyroid yana sarrafa yadda ake samar da wannan makamashi da sauri.

Kawai ka yi tunani, idan thyroid ɗinka ba ya aiki yadda ya kamata, zai iya shafar dukkan jikinka. Don haka yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ka san da wannan.

Me ke faruwa da cutar thyroid ta?

A matsayin glandar endocrine, thyroid yana samar da kuma fitar da wasu hormones. Waɗannan su ne:

• Thyroxine (T4):Wannan shine babban hormone da thyroid ke samarwa. Duk da haka, ba ya shafar metabolism kai tsaye. Bayan T4 ya shiga jini, ana canza shi zuwa T3 ta hanyar wani tsari da ake kira 'deiodination'.
• Triiodothyronine (T3): Thyroid yana samar da ƙasa da T3 fiye da T4. Duk da haka, hormone na T3 ne ke da babban tasiri ga metabolism .
• Juyawa triiodothyronine (RT3): Ana samar da wannan a ƙananan adadi. RT3 yana juya aikin T3.
• Calcitonin: Wannan hormone yana taimakawa wajen daidaita adadin sinadarin calcium a cikin jininmu.

Domin samar da waɗannan hormones na thyroid, glandar thyroid tana buƙatar wani sinadari da ake kira iodine . Muna samun iodine daga abinci (musamman gishiri mai iodized) da ruwa. glandar thyroid tana ɗaukar wannan iodine ɗin ta mayar da shi hormones na thyroid. Ka yi tunani a kai, idan jikinka yana da iodine da yawa ko kuma ƙasa da haka, yana iya shafar adadin hormones na thyroid da yake samarwa. Hormones na thyroid suna shafar abubuwa kamar:

• Yadda jikinmu ke amfani da makamashi ( metabolism )
• Yawan bugun zuciya
• Numfashi
• narkewar abinci
• Zafin jiki
• Ci gaban kwakwalwa
• Ayyukan tunani
• Kula da fata da ƙashi
• Haihuwa

Waɗanne sauran gabobin jiki da gland suna da alaƙa da glandar thyroid?

Tsarin endocrine ɗinmu yana da tsari mai rikitarwa. Yawancin gland da hormones suna aiki akan sigina daga wasu gland da hormones. Haka kuma, wasu hormones na iya danne wasu hormones. Akwai kuma wani tsari mai rikitarwa don sarrafa matakin hormones na thyroid a jikinmu. Da farko, hypothalamus, wanda shine ɓangare na kwakwalwarmu, yana fitar da wani hormone da ake kira thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH). Wannan TRH yana motsa wani ɓangare na glandar pituitary ɗinmu, wanda ke fitar da hormone mai motsa thyroid (TSH). Wannan TSH sannan yana motsa ƙwayoyin follicular a cikin glandar thyroid don samar da hormones na T4 da T3. Duk da haka, don wannan ya yi aiki, dole ne a sami isasshen iodine a cikin jiki. Glandar thyroid da hormones ɗinsa suna shafar kusan kowane tsarin jikinmu. Don bayar da wasu misalai:

• Tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini: Ciwon thyroid yana taimakawa wajen daidaita abubuwa kamar yawan jinin da zuciyarmu ke bugawa (fitar da jini daga zuciya), bugun zuciya, da kuma ƙarfin matsewar zuciyarmu.
• Tsarin jijiyoyi:Idan thyroid ba ya aiki yadda ya kamata, alamun da ke da alaƙa da tsarin jijiyoyi na iya faruwa. Misali, jin kasala , tingling , zafi, da kuma jin zafi a wasu wurare. Haka kuma, idan aikin thyroid ya ragu (hypothyroidism), damuwa na iya faruwa, kuma idan ya ƙaru (hyperthyroidism), damuwa na iya faruwa.
• Tsarin narkewar abinci: Haka kuma thyroid yana da hannu a cikin yadda abincin da muke ci ke motsawa ta hanyar narkewar abinci (motsi na ciki).
• Tsarin haihuwa: Idan akwai matsala da thyroid, zagayowar jinin mata na iya zama ba daidai ba kuma matsalolin haihuwa na iya faruwa.

Shin mutum zai iya rayuwa ba tare da glandar thyroid ba?

Eh, za ka iya. Duk da haka, za ka buƙaci shan maganin maye gurbin hormones har tsawon rayuwarka domin ka kasance cikin koshin lafiya da kuma guje wa illa. Tiyatar cire glandar thyroid, wadda ake kira thyroidectomy , tiyata ce da aka saba yi wa wasu matsalolin thyroid.

Ina glandar thyroid take? Menene sassanta? Girmanta nawa ne?

Kamar yadda na ambata a baya, glandar thyroid tana gaban wuyanka, kusa da bututun iska (trachea) . Yana da siffar malam buɗe ido - tare da ƙaramin ɗaya a tsakiya da manyan fikafikai biyu waɗanda suka bazu a kowane gefe. Kwayar thyroid mai lafiya yawanci ba a iya gani (ba ta yi kama da ƙulli a wuyanka ba), kuma ba za ka iya jin sa ba idan ka taɓa shi da yatsanka a gaban wuyanka. Glandar thyroid tana da manyan sassa biyu: lobes biyu (lobes) da kuma tsakiyar da ke haɗa waɗannan lobes guda biyu (thyroid isthmus) . Wannan ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin thyroid follicle (thyrocytes), waɗanda ke yin da adana hormones na thyroid (galibi T3 da T4), da C-cells , waɗanda ke yin hormone calcitonin. Glandar thyroid tana da tsawon inci 2. Glandar thyroid mai lafiya yawanci ba a iya gani kuma tana fitowa daga wuya. Duk da haka, wasu yanayi na lafiya na iya sa thyroid ya girma. Ana kiran wannan goiter . Wasu mutane kuma suna kiransa "goiter." Idan kana da goiter, za ka iya fuskantar alamu kamar haka:

• Kumburi a gaban wuya, a ƙasa da ƙashin wuya.
• Jin matsewar makogwaro.
• Sauye-sauyen murya, misali, sautin murya.

Waɗanne cututtuka da yanayi ne ke shafar glandar thyroid?

Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan thyroid da dama. Waɗannan sun zama ruwan dare. An kiyasta cewa kimanin mutane miliyan 20 a Amurka kaɗai suna fama da wani nau'in cutar thyroid. Mata sun fi maza sau biyar zuwa takwas fuskantar haɗarin kamuwa da cutar thyroid. Ciwon thyroid galibi ya kasu kashi biyu: na farko da na biyu .

• A cikin cutar thyroid ta farko, cutar tana farawa ne a cikin glandar thyroid kanta.
• A cikin cututtukan thyroid na biyu , cutar tana farawa ne daga glandar pituitary. Misali, idan kumburi ya taso a kan thyroid kuma ya sa ya samar da hormone na thyroid da yawa, to hyperthyroidism na farko ne. Amma, idan ƙari ya taso a glandar pituitary kuma ya sa ya samar da TSH da yawa, wanda ke motsa thyroid don samar da hormone da yawa, to hyperthyroidism na biyu ne.

Akwai manyan cututtuka guda huɗu da ke shafar glandar thyroid:

• Hypothyroidism (ƙananan glandar thyroid marasa aiki)
• Hyperthyroidism ( ƙara yawan aiki na glandar thyroid)
• Goiter ( ƙananan glandar thyroid/goiter)
• Ciwon daji na thyroid

Hypothyroidism - lokacin da glandar thyroid ba ta aiki yadda ya kamata ba

Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da glandar thyroid ɗinka ba ta samar da isasshen hormones na thyroid ba . Wannan yana rage jinkirin metabolism ɗinka. Wannan kuma cuta ce da aka saba gani. Akwai magunguna don hakan. Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke haifar da hypothyroidism:

• Cutar Hashimoto: Wannan cuta ce ta 'autoimmune'. Wannan yana nufin cewa tsarin garkuwar jikinmu yana kai hari ga thyroid.
• Ciwon thyroid: Kumburi a cikin glandar thyroid.
• Rashin sinadarin aidin.
• Matsalar thyroid da aka haifa.
• Yawan amfani da magunguna don hyperthyroidism.
• Cire glandar thyroid ta hanyar tiyata.

Hyperthyroidism - lokacin da glandar thyroid ke aiki sosai

Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da glandar thyroid ɗinka ke samar da kuma fitar da hormones na thyroid da yawa . Wannan yana hanzarta wasu daga cikin metabolism ɗinka. Akwai magunguna don wannan ma. Akwai dalilai da yawa da ke haifar da hyperthyroidism:

• Cutar Graves: Wannan kuma cuta ce ta garkuwar jiki.
• Ciwon thyroid.
• Ciwon thyroid.
• Ciwon thyroid bayan haihuwa: Kumburin glandar thyroid da ke faruwa bayan haihuwa.
• Yawan sinadarin aidin a cikin jini, ko dai daga abinci ko magunguna.
• Yawan amfani da magunguna don maganin hypothyroidism.
• Ciwon da ba shi da cutar kansa (mara kyau) na glandar pituitary.

Goiter - faɗaɗa thyroid

Goiter wani nau'in ciwon thyroid ne da ke faɗaɗa. Wannan kuma abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare. Dalilan sun bambanta dangane da nau'in ciwon goiter:

• Simple goiters: Waɗannan suna tasowa ne lokacin da glandar thyroid ba ta samar da isasshen hormones ga jiki ba. Sannan glandar thyroid tana ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa don rama ƙarancin.
• Ciwon goiter mai tsanani: Waɗannan suna faruwa ne a cikin mutanen da ba sa samun isasshen iodine daga abincinsu. A Sri Lanka, wannan yanayin yanzu ba kasafai yake faruwa ba saboda muna ƙara iodine a cikin gishirin da muke ci.
• Ciwon goiter na lokaci-lokaci: Mafi yawan lokuta, babu wani dalili bayyananne da ke haifar da waɗannan. Wani lokaci, wasu magunguna na iya haifar da su, kamar lithium.

Ciwon daji na thyroid

Wannan ciwon daji ne da ke farawa daga cikin kyallen thyroid. Maganin yawancin ciwon daji na thyroid yana da matuƙar nasara. Kada ku damu, ana iya warkar da shi a mafi yawan lokuta. Ciwon daji na thyroid ana rarraba shi bisa ga nau'in ƙwayar da ciwon daji ke tasowa daga gare ta:

• Papillary: Kimanin kashi 80% na cututtukan thyroid suna da irin wannan nau'in.
• Follicular: Kimanin kashi 15% na wannan nau'in ne.
• Medullary: Kimanin kashi 2%. Wannan kuma yana iya kasancewa saboda maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta.
• Anaplastic: Kimanin kashi 2%. Wannan ya fi tsanani, amma ba abu ne da aka saba gani ba.

Mene ne alamun gargaɗin farko game da matsalolin thyroid?

Cututtukan thyroid daban-daban suna da alamomi daban-daban. Duk da haka, tunda thyroid yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abubuwa da yawa a jikinmu, kamar bugun zuciya, metabolism, da kuma daidaita zafin jiki, ya kamata ku san waɗannan alamun:

• Rage ko ƙaruwar bugun zuciya.
• Zama siriri ko kiba ba tare da wani dalili ba.
• Wahalar jure sanyi ko zafi.
• Damuwa ko damuwa.
• Sauyin jinin al'ada mara tsari a cikin mata.

Idan kana da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan alamomin, ya fi kyau ka ga likita ka yi gwajin jini don duba aikin thyroid ɗinka.

Mene ne gwaje-gwajen da ake yi akai-akai don tabbatar da lafiyar thyroid?

Gwaji na farko kuma mafi mahimmanci don duba lafiyar thyroid shine gwajin jini don duba matakin TSH (Hormone Mai Ƙarfafa Thyroid). Wannan zai iya ba ku ra'ayin duka hypothyroidism da hyperthyroidism. Matsakaicin da aka saba yi don gwajin jini na TSH shine tsakanin 0.5 da 5.0 mIU/L (milli-international raka'a a kowace lita). Duk da haka, wannan na iya bambanta kaɗan daga dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje, ya danganta da abubuwan kamar shekarunku da yanayin ciki. Don haka kwatanta shi da ƙimar da ke cikin rahoton ku. Likitanku kuma zai iya duba matakan T4 da T3 (hormones na thyroid) a cikin jinin ku. Idan sakamakon gwajin ku bai dace ba, likitanku zai iya yin odar hoton thyroid.Za a iya tambayarka ka yi ko dai CT scan (wanda ke amfani da ƙaramin abu mai aminci na rediyoaktif don ɗaukar hotunan thyroid) ko kuma ka yi amfani da na'urar duban dan tayi ta thyroid .

Yaya ake magance cututtukan thyroid?

Akwai hanyoyi da dama na magance cutar thyroid. Ya danganta da irin cutar da kuma irin tsananinta. Akwai manyan hanyoyin magani guda uku:

• Magani
• Tiyata
• Maganin radiation da chemotherapy

Magani

Magunguna don cututtukan thyroid:

• Magungunan Antithyroid: Waɗannan magunguna suna hana thyroid samar da hormones. Ana ba su don hyperthyroidism.
• Magungunan hana ƙwayoyin cuta na beta: Waɗannan magunguna suna magance alamun hyperthyroidism (kamar bugun zuciya mai sauri), amma ba sa warkar da cutar thyroid kanta.
• Iodin mai aiki da rediyo: Wannan maganin yana lalata ƙwayoyin thyroid, wanda daga ƙarshe yana lalata glandar thyroid. Maganin hyperthyroidism da ciwon daji na thyroid ne.
• Magungunan hormones na thyroid: Waɗannan su ne hormones na thyroid na roba. Ana ba su ne don magance hypothyroidism. Mutanen da aka yi wa tiyatar thyroid ko kuma waɗanda thyroid ɗinsu ba ya aiki saboda iodine mai rediyoaktif za su sha waɗannan magunguna har tsawon rayuwarsu.

Tiyata

Babban aikin tiyatar cutar thyroid shine tiyatar thyroid . Wannan ya haɗa da cire dukkan glandar thyroid ta hanyar tiyata. Gyaran thyroid zaɓi ne na magani don cutar thyroid kuma shine magani na farko don ciwon daji na thyroid. Wani zaɓi na tiyata shine tiyatar lobectomy , wanda ke cire wani ɓangare na thyroid kawai.

Maganin radiation da chemotherapy

Waɗannan su ne hanyoyin magance cutar kansar thyroid. Duk waɗannan magunguna suna kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa kuma suna hana su girma. Duk da haka, yawancin cututtukan thyroid ba sa buƙatar maganin radiation ko chemotherapy.

Mene ne abubuwan da ke haifar da kamuwa da cutar thyroid?

Ciwon thyroid abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana iya shafar mutane na kowane zamani. Duk da haka, wasu dalilai na iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar thyroid:

• Samun tarihin iyali na cututtukan thyroid (haɗin gado).
• Samun cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki, kamar ciwon suga na nau'in 1, arthritis na rheumatoid, ko lupus.
• Shan maganin da ke ɗauke da sinadarin aidin da yawa.
• Kasancewar ke mace ce sama da shekaru 60, musamman idan ke mace ce.

Yaya zan iya kiyaye lafiyar thyroid ta?

Abin da Ya Kamata Ku Yi Don Kula da Ciwon Thyroid ɗinkuBabbar hanyar ita ce samun isasshen aidin daga abincin da kuke ci. Ciwon thyroid yana buƙatar aidin don samar da hormones na thyroid. Labari mai daɗi shine yawancin mutane suna samun isasshen aidin daga gishirin iodized da abinci mai ƙarin aidin. Sauran abinci da ke ɗauke da aidin:

• Cuku
• Madarar shanu
• ƙwai
• Yogurt
• Kifin teku
• Shellfish, kamar kaguwa da jatan lande
• Ciyawan teku
• Madarar waken soya
• Miyar waken soya

Duk da haka, shan sinadarin iodine da yawa ba shi da kyau kuma yana iya haifar da matsaloli. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi ko damuwa game da lafiyar thyroid ɗinku, kada ku yi jinkirin yin magana da likitanku.

Yaushe ya kamata in yi magana da likita game da cutar thyroid?

Idan kana fuskantar alamun cututtukan thyroid, kamar canje-canje a nauyinka, bugun zuciyarka, ko kuma yanayin zafin jiki , tuntuɓi likitanka. Zai iya yin gwajin jini mai sauƙi don ganin ko thyroid ɗinka yana haifar da alamun.

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Ciwon thyroid wani muhimmin gland ne a cikin tsarin endocrine. Yana shafar abubuwa da yawa a jikinka. Ciwon thyroid ya zama ruwan dare, kuma ana iya magance shi kuma a warkar da shi sosai.

Idan kana da alamun cutar thyroid, ko kuma kana son sanin ko kana da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da kamuwa da cutar thyroid, kada ka ji tsoro ko ka yi jinkirin yin magana da likitanka. Suna nan don taimaka maka. Kula da lafiyarka shine abu mafi mahimmanci!

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Ciwon thyroid, ciwon thyroid, hormones, hypothyroidism, goiter, ciwon thyroid