Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin ko jikinmu yana samar da sabon jini akai-akai? Eh, gaskiya ne. A fannin magani, wannan shine abin da muke kira hematopoiesis. A taƙaice, wannan shine tsari mai ban mamaki da jikinmu ke samar da ƙwayoyin jini, ko ƙwayoyin jini. Kamar kawar da tsohuwar mota da siyan sabuwar mota, jikinmu yana cire tsoffin ƙwayoyin jini akai-akai kuma yana samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin jini a madadinsu. Haka jikinmu ke kula da samar da jini akai-akai. Shin ba abin mamaki bane? Wannan tsari yana farawa kafin a haife mu kuma yana ci
gaba a tsawon rayuwarmu.
Menene hematopoiesis? A takaice dai...
To, bari mu ga ma'anar wannan kalmar Hematopoiesis. Ko da yake tana iya zama kamar kalma mai ban mamaki, ma'anar tana da sauƙi sosai. Wannan kalma ta fito ne daga haɗin kalmomi biyu da suka fito daga harshen Girka.
- 'Haîma' (Haima): Wannan yana nufin 'jini' ko ' jini '.
- Poesis (poesis): Wannan yana nufin 'yin wani abu' ko 'ƙirƙira'.
To idan aka haɗa waɗannan kalmomi guda biyu, sai a fara tunanin
'samuwar jini' ko
'samuwar jini' . Yana da sauƙin fahimta, ko ba haka ba? Wani lokaci ana kiran wannan tsari da ake kira
hematopoiesis da hemopoiesis, hematogenesis, ko hemogenesis. Duk waɗannan kalmomi suna nufin abu ɗaya.
Waɗanne nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jini ne ake samar da su ta hanyar hematopoiesis?
Jininmu ba ya cikin nau'in ƙwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya. Kamar yadda abinci ke ɗauke da nau'ikan abinci daban-daban kamar shinkafa, lentil, da kifi, jininmu ma yana ɗauke da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban. Duk waɗannan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jini ana samar da su ta hanyar tsarin
hematopoiesis . Bari mu ga menene su.
Kwayoyin jinin ja (erythrocytes)
Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta mafi yawa a cikin jininmu. Shin kun san cewa babban aikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja shine
ɗaukar iskar oxygen da ke shiga huhu lokacin da muke numfashi zuwa ga dukkan sauran gabobin jiki da kyallen jiki a cikin jiki. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna aiki kamar tankin iskar oxygen. Haka kuma, waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja suna taimakawa wajen dawo da iskar carbon dioxide da ba a so da ake samarwa a jikinmu zuwa huhu da kuma fitar da ita lokacin da muke fitar da numfashi. Tsarin samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja ana kiransa
erythropoiesis .
Kwayoyin jinin fari (Leukocytes)
Fararen ƙwayoyin jini kamar masu tsaron jikinmu ne. Kamar rundunar da ke kare ƙasa, waɗannan ƙwayoyin
suna kare mu daga cututtuka ta hanyar yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda ke shiga jikinmu. Ba wai kawai ba, waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin fari suna taimakawa wajen lalata ƙwayoyin halitta marasa kyau da ke girma a cikin jikinmu, kamar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Tsarin da ake samar da ƙwayoyin jinin fari ana kiransa da suna
Leukopiesis. Ba wai kawai nau'in ƙwayoyin jinin farin jini ɗaya ba ne, amma akwai manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jini da dama: Daga cikin waɗannan, neutrophils, basophils, da eosinophils suna da ayyuka iri ɗaya, don haka gabaɗaya ana kiransu granulocytes . Platelets (ko ƙwayoyin halitta masu rai)
Platelets kamar ƙananan likitoci ne a jikinmu. Idan kana da ƙaramin rauni kuma ka fara zubar jini, waɗannan platelets ɗin suna taimakawa wajen dakatar da zubar jini. Waɗannan ƙananan gutsuttsuran ƙwayoyin halitta ne masu mannewa. Suna taruwa a wurin raunin, suna samar da gudan jini, sannan su rufe raunin. Kamar sanya plaster ne. Shi ya sa jini ba ya fita daga jikinmu ba tare da wata matsala ba. Ana kiran tsarin samar da platelets thrombopoiesis . Ina wannan tsarin samar da jini yake faruwa?
Tambaya mai matuƙar muhimmanci! Wannan tsari mai ban mamaki da ake kira hematopoiesis galibi yana faruwa ne a wani ɓangare mai laushi a cikin ƙasusuwanmu. Muna kiran wannan ƙashin ƙashi. Shin kun ga jan ɓangaren da ke cikin ƙashi lokacin da kuke cin kaza? Haka wannan ƙashin ƙashi yake. Samuwar jini ta wannan hanyar a cikin ƙashin ƙashi ana kiransa medullary hematopoiesis . Kwayoyin jinin da aka samar ta wannan hanyar suna tafiya a cikin jikinmu ta cikin jijiyoyin jininmu. Duk da haka, wani lokacin, musamman a wasu yanayi na cututtuka, ana iya samar da jini a wasu sassan jikinmu ban da ƙashin ƙashi, misali, a cikin gabobin kamar hanta da saifa . Samuwar jini a wajen ƙashin ƙashi ta wannan hanyar ana kiransa extramedullary hematopoiesis . Akwai ƙananan canje-canje a wurin da aka samar da wannan jinin, kafin da kuma bayan an haife mu. Kafin haihuwa
Wannan jinin yana fara samuwa ne tun muna cikin mahaifar mahaifiyarmu, wato, a matsayin tayi.- Da farko, a cikin makonni 3 na farko na ciki, wani nau'in ƙwayar jinin ja yana fara samuwa a cikin tsarin da ke kewaye da tayin da ake kira jakar yolk . Waɗannan ba su da ɗan ci gaba kamar ƙwayoyin jinin ja da muke samarwa a lokacin da muke manya.
- Sannan, kimanin watanni 2-3 bayan ɗaukar ciki, ƙwayoyin jini ja da platelets suna fara samuwa a cikin hanta da saifa. Ana samar da fararen ƙwayoyin jini a cikin hanta, saifa, da kuma glandar thymus.
- Kafin watan biyar na ciki, yawancin samar da jini yana faruwa ne a cikin bargo na ƙashi. Duk da haka, wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jini na farin jini suma suna samuwa a cikin glandar thymus, spleen, da sauran kyallen lymph.
Bayan haihuwa
Bayan an haife mu, daga jarirai zuwa manya, yawancin samar da jininmu yana faruwa ne a cikin bargon ƙashi. Duk da haka, wani nau'in ƙwayar farin jini na musamman da ake kira lymphocytes shi ma yana tasowa a cikin glandar thymus ɗinmu. Duk da haka, a wasu yanayin cututtuka, misali, idan bargon ƙashi bai iya samar da ƙwayoyin jini yadda ya kamata ba, jikinmu yana ƙoƙarin sake samar da jini a wuraren da aka yi jini kafin haihuwa, kamar hanta, saifa, ko ƙwayoyin lymph. Wannan kamar dabara ce da ake amfani da ita a lokacin gaggawa. Ta yaya tsarin hematopoiesis ke faruwa?
Wannan tsari ne mai rikitarwa, amma mai tsari sosai. Kawai ka yi tunanin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jini daban-daban da za a iya samar da su daga ƙwayar halitta guda ɗaya! Duk waɗannan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jini suna da ƙwayar halitta iri ɗaya, mai farawa. Muna kiran wannan ƙwayar halitta mai tushe ta hematopoietic (HSC) . Wannan kamar "ƙwayar halitta ce ta asali." Wannan ƙwayar halitta ta HSC ta fara girma zuwa ƙwayar halitta mai tushe ko ƙwayar halitta mai "busa" . Wannan ƙwayar halitta mai tushe ta farko ta kasance ƙwayar halitta ce da ke kan hanyarta ta zama takamaiman ƙwayar halitta ta jini, amma ba ta ci gaba da girma ba tukuna. Wannan ƙwayar halitta mai tushe takan shiga ƙarin rarrabuwar ƙwayoyin halitta da yawa kuma ta canza kafin ta zama cikakkiyar ƙwayar halitta mai aiki. Akwai manyan sassa uku na hematopoiesis, bisa ga yadda nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta guda uku da muka tattauna a baya aka samar:- Erythropoiesis: Samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja.
- Leukopies: Samar da ƙwayoyin jinin fari.
- Thrombopoiesis: Samar da platelets.
Da duk waɗannan canje-canjen, wannan ƙwayar halitta ta asali (HSC) tana ƙara zama ƙwararre. Wato, tana rasa halayen ƙwayar halitta ta asali kuma tana samun halayen ƙwayar halitta ta ja, ƙwayar halitta ta farin jini, ko platelet. Samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja (erythropoiesis)
Ana samar da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini a cikin ƙashin mu. Babban ƙwayar jinin (HSC) da farko ta zama tantanin halitta mai suna erythroblast . Wannan erythroblast daga nan ya zama tantanin jinin ja da ba shi da girma wanda ake kira reticulocyte . A ƙarshe, wannan reticulocyte ya zama tantanin jinin ja mai cikakken girma, mai aiki. Yadda ake samar da ƙwayoyin jini masu farin jini (Leukopiesis)
Ba dukkan ƙwayoyin jinin fararen fata ake ƙirƙirar su ta hanya ɗaya ba. Kwayoyin halittar granulocytes da muka tattauna a baya - wato, basophils, eosinophils, da neutrophils - ana ƙirƙirar su ta wata hanya daban da ta monocyte da lymphocytes. Yadda ake samar da granulocytes
Ana samar da dukkan nau'ikan granulocytes guda uku a cikin bargon ƙashi. Lokacin da babban ƙwayar jini (HSC) ta ci gaba da yin su, tana tasowa ta hanyar da ake kira layin ƙwayar myeloid . Kalmar "myeloid" tana nufin "mai alaƙa da bargon ƙashi." Don haka, ana sanya wa waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna ne saboda ana samar da su a cikin bargon ƙashi. Don yin granulocytes, ƙwayar HSC ta fara zama ƙwayar da aka riga aka sani da ake kira myeloblast . Wannan myeloblast daga nan ya zama myelocyte , wanda a ƙarshe ya bambanta zuwa basophil, eosinophil, ko neutrophil. Yadda ake samar da ƙwayoyin mononuclear
Ana samar da ƙwayoyin halitta masu kama da monocyte a cikin bargon ƙashi. Lymphocytes - wato, ƙwayoyin halitta na B, ƙwayoyin halitta na T da ƙwayoyin halitta masu kisa - ana samar da su a cikin bargon ƙashi da sauran kyallen lymphoid, kamar glandar thymus. Misali, ƙwayoyin halitta suna samuwa a cikin bargon ƙashi tun suna ƙanana, sannan su yi ƙaura zuwa glandar thymus, inda suke girma zuwa ƙwayoyin halitta na T.- Kwayoyin halittar monocytes suna girma ta hanyar layin ƙwayoyin myeloid: Saboda suna kuma samuwa a cikin bargo na ƙashi, da farko suna girma zuwa ƙwayar halitta mai suna monoblast , kuma sai bayan haka ne suke zama ƙwayoyin halitta masu cikakken girma.
- Lymphocytes suna girma tare da layin ƙwayoyin lymphoid: saboda an samar da su a cikin kyallen lymphoid, kamar ƙashi bargo da glandar thymus. Saboda haka, ƙwayoyin HSC waɗanda suka zama lymphocytes suna girma zuwa ƙwayoyin precursor da ake kira lymphoblasts . Waɗannan su ne waɗanda daga ƙarshe suka bambanta zuwa ƙwayoyin T, ƙwayoyin B, ko ƙwayoyin kisa na halitta.
Samar da platelets (Thrombopoiesis)
Samar da platelets kuma yana faruwa a cikin bargo na ƙashi. A nan, babban ƙwayar jini (HSC) ya fara girma zuwa ƙwayar halitta mai suna megakaryoblast . Wannan megakaryoblast daga nan ya girma ya zama babban ƙwayar halitta da ake kira megakaryocyte . A ƙarshe, platelets suna samuwa lokacin da sassan wannan megakaryocyte suka karye. Shin ba abin mamaki ba ne? Har yaushe wannan tsari na hematopoiesis yake ɗauka?
A zahiri, saurin samar da ƙwayoyin jini ya dogara ne da buƙatun jikinka. Misali, idan ka yi rashin lafiya, jikinka yana ƙara samar da ƙwayoyin jinin farin jini don yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta. Yawanci, tsarin hematopoiesis yana faruwa akai-akai, saboda ƙwayoyin jini suma suna da takamaiman tsawon rai. Idan ƙwayar jini ɗaya ta mutu, jiki mai lafiya yana yin sabo don maye gurbinsa. Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar ƙwayoyin jini shine kamar haka:- Kwayoyin jinin ja: Suna rayuwa kimanin kwanaki 120.
- Fararen ƙwayoyin jini: Rayuwa daga 'yan awanni kaɗan zuwa 'yan kwanaki.
- Platelets: Suna rayuwa tsakanin kwana 5 zuwa 9.
Don haka, jikinmu yana ci gaba da kawar da waɗannan tsoffin ƙwayoyin halitta kuma yana ci gaba da yin sababbi.
Me zai faru idan akwai matsala tare da tsarin hematopoiesis?
Jikinmu yana da kyau sosai wajen sarrafa samar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin jini, ma'ana muna da daidai adadin ƙwayoyin jini. Duk da haka, wasu yanayi na lafiya na iya kawo cikas ga wannan tsarin hematopoiesis. Wannan na iya haifar da ƙarancin ƙwayoyin jini da ake samarwa ko kuma da yawa. Idan adadin ƙwayoyin jini ya canza yadda ya kamata ta wannan hanyar, alamu da yanayi daban-daban na lafiya na iya faruwa.- Matsaloli da ƙwayoyin jinin ja:
- Idan adadin ƙwayoyin jininka na ja ya ragu, ana kiransa da anemia . Za ka iya jin gajiya da rauni saboda kyallen jikinka ba sa samun isasshen iskar oxygen.
- Ana kiran ƙaruwar adadin ƙwayoyin jinin jajayen jini erythrocytosis . A cikin yanayi masu sauƙi, wannan na iya haifar da wasu alamu marasa daɗi. Duk da haka, a cikin mawuyacin hali, ƙaruwar ƙwayoyin jinin jajayen jini na iya sa jinin ya yi kauri, yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da bugun zuciya ko bugun jini.
- Matsalolin da ke da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin jinin fari:
- Idan adadin farin jininka ya ragu, ana kiransa leukopenia . Wannan yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka.
- Ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin jinin fararen ana kiransa leukocytosis . Wannan yawanci alama ce ta kamuwa da cuta. Duk da haka, wani lokacin yawan ƙwayoyin jinin fararen na iya zama alamar cutar jini ko ciwon daji.
- Matsalolin da suka shafi platelet:
- Ana kiran ƙarancin adadin platelets thrombocytopenia . Wannan yanayin na iya sa mutum ya zubar da jini cikin sauƙi da kuma kuraje cikin sauƙi.
- Idan yawan platelets ya ƙaru, ana kiransa thrombocytosis . Wannan yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da mummunan toshewar jini.
Waɗanne yanayi ne ke kawo cikas ga tsarin hematopoiesis?
Akwai abubuwa da dama da za su iya kawo cikas ga tsarin hematopoiesis. Wasu daga cikinsu na iya samun sakamako mai sauƙi, yayin da wasu kuma na iya zama masu tsanani. Misali, yayin da muke tsufa, kitse na iya taruwa a cikin ƙashin ƙashinmu, wanda ke rage ikon yin jini. Cututtukan da suka shafi jini da cutar kansar jini , kamar cutar sankarar jini, lymphoma, da myeloma, suma suna iya kawo cikas ga samar da ƙwayoyin jini. Waɗannan cututtukan suna haifar da yawan samar da ƙwayoyin jini marasa kyau da ba su da lafiya. Wani abu kuma shi ne cewa wasu magunguna na iya kawo cikas ga tsarin hematopoiesis, wanda ke haifar da raguwar adadin ƙwayoyin jini. Misali, chemotherapy, wanda ake amfani da shi don lalata ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, na iya haifar da raguwar adadin ƙwayoyin jinin farin jini. Wannan ana kiransa neutropenia . Don haka, wasu magunguna na iya haifar da raguwar ƙwayoyin jini a matsayin sakamako mai illa. Abu mafi mahimmanci da muke son ɗauka daga wannan labarin (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)
To, yanzu kun fahimci cewa wannan tsarin samar da jini, wato tsarin samar da jini da muka yi magana a kai a yau, wani abu ne da ke faruwa akai-akai, wani abu ne da yake da mahimmanci ga rayuwarmu da kuma rayuwarmu cikin koshin lafiya. Wannan isasshen jini yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen samar da iskar oxygen ga kyallen jikinmu da kuma kare mu daga cututtuka. Ka tuna, wannan tsari galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin ƙashin ƙashinmu. Abubuwa da yawa da ke shafar lafiyarmu na iya shafar wannan ikon yin jini.
Saboda haka, kiyaye lafiyarmu gaba ɗaya ta hanyar cin abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki, da bin shawarwarin likita zai taimaka wajen ci gaba da gudanar da wannan tsari mai ban mamaki na zubar jini cikin sauƙi. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da wannan, kada ku ji tsoron yin magana da likita.
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