Bari mu koyi komai game da gaban kwakwalwarka ta hanya mai sauƙi.

Kwakwalwarmu wata gabobi ce mai ban mamaki, ko ba haka ba? Ita ce ke da alhakin kusan duk abin da muke tunani, ji, da kuma yi. Don haka, a yau za mu yi magana game da wani ɓangare na musamman, mai matuƙar muhimmanci na sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa. Wannan shine ɓangaren gaba na kwakwalwa, ko kuma kamar yadda likitoci ke kiransa, "Frontal Lobe".

Menene gaban kwakwalwa? Ina take?

A taƙaice dai, "Frontal Lobe" yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan sassa biyar na kwakwalwarka. Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, yana nan a gaban kanka. A taƙaice dai, wannan muhimmin sashe yana bayan goshinka. Ka yi tunanin kamar "ɗakin sarrafawa" da ke cikin kanka.

Wannan `(Frontal Lobe)` yana aiki tare da sauran sassan kwakwalwa. Duk abin da muka yi da gangan, wato, tunani da lissafi, yanke shawara, wannan ɓangaren yana taimakawa a duk waɗannan. Dangane da girma, masana sun ce tsakanin kashi 25% zuwa 40% na `(Cerebral Cortex)`, saman da aka yi da kwalta a saman kwakwalwarmu, an yi shi ne da wannan `(Frontal Lobe).` Wannan ƙaramin girma ne, ko ba haka ba?

To, me ke faruwa da wannan (Frontal Lobe)? Me yake taimaka wa jikinmu da shi?

A gaskiya ma, akwai ayyuka da yawa da wannan "Frontal Lobe" ke yi. Bari mu dubi wasu daga cikin manyan:

• Hankali: Wannan ya haɗa da komai tun daga tunanin wani abu zuwa nazarin bayanai ta hanya mai sarkakiya. Tunani mai ma'ana, zuwa ga hukunci, yanke shawara, da ƙirƙirar sabbin abubuwa (ƙirƙira) duk suna ƙarƙashin wannan rukunin.
• Fahimtar zamantakewa: Wannan "(Frontal Lobe)" yana taimaka mana mu fahimci abubuwa kamar menene ƙa'idodi da aka yarda da su a cikin al'umma, yadda ya kamata mu yi hali, abin da ya dace a faɗi, da abin da ba shi da kyau a faɗi. Yana kama da "compass ɗin zamantakewa."
• Ayyukan Gudanarwa: Wannan na iya zama kamar abu ne mai rikitarwa, amma a takaice dai, ya haɗa da abubuwa kamar kame kai, hanawa, tsawon lokacin kulawa, da kuma ƙwaƙwalwar aiki, wanda shine ikon tuna bayanai da suka shafi wani abu yayin yin sa.
• Motsin tsoka na son rai: Duk motsin tsokar da kake yi da son rai, kamar ɗaga hannu, ɗaukar wani abu, ko tashi da tafiya, ana sarrafa su a nan. Haka kuma, ɓangaren kwakwalwa da ke sarrafa tsokokin da muke amfani da su wajen magana shi ma yana cikin wannan "Frontal Lobe" ɗin.
• Koyo da tunawa da bayanai: Wannan sashe yana taimaka maka ka koyi wani sabon abu, ka tuna da shi don amfani daga baya, da kuma tuna tsoffin abubuwa.

Ka yi tunanin, wannan "Frontal Lobe" yana taimaka maka tun daga lokacin da ka tashi da safe ka tsara ranarka, zuwa wurin aiki da magance wata matsala, zuwa yin magana da aboki.

Da me aka yi wannan (Frontal Lobe)?

Kamar sauran kwakwalwarmu, "Frontal Lobe" ta ƙunshi nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta na musamman. Akwai manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta guda biyu:

1. Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi: Waɗannan su ne manyan ƙwayoyin sadarwa a cikin kwakwalwa da tsarin jijiyoyi. Suna iya aika sigina zuwa wasu ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi. Waɗannan sigina suna tafiya a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi kamar saƙonnin lantarki (bugun jini). Sannan, waɗannan siginar lantarki ana canza su zuwa sinadarai kuma ana sakin su daga ƙwayar jijiya. Ƙwayar jijiya ta gaba tana gane waɗannan sinadarai kuma tana ƙirƙirar wata siginar lantarki. Haka nan saƙonni ke tafiya da sauri cikin kwakwalwa.

2. Kwayoyin Glial: Waɗannan su ne "ƙwayoyin taimako" na tsarin jijiyoyi. Ba sa aika sigina, amma suna yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa, kamar kula da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, cire sharar gida, samar da abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma kiyaye tsarin da ƙarfi.

Wadanne cututtuka da cututtuka ne suka fi shafar goshin gaba?

Kusan kowace cuta da za ta iya lalata kyallen kwakwalwa na iya shafar gaban goshi. Haka kuma, akwai wasu yanayi na ci gaban kwakwalwa da ke shafar ci gaban kwakwalwa waɗanda za su iya haifar da alamun da suka shafi gaban goshi. Bari mu kalli wasu daga cikin yanayin da za su iya shafar ta:

• Cutar Alzheimer
• Matsalolin magana, musamman `(Mai nuna aphasia)` ko `(Broca's aphasia)` (wanda ka san abin da kake son faɗa, amma kana da wahalar haɗa kalmomin)
• Rashin Hankali da Rashin Hankali (ADHD)
• Matsalar Autism
• Raunin kwakwalwa ko lalacewa (Raunukan kwakwalwa) (waɗannan na iya faruwa ne sakamakon cututtuka ko abubuwa kamar tiyata)
• Ciwon kwakwalwa (duka ciwon daji da kuma wanda ba ciwon daji ba)
• Gubar da ke dauke da sinadarin carbon monoxide
• Raunin kai, musamman raunin kwakwalwa da sauran manyan raunukan kwakwalwa
• Lalacewar Corticobasal
• Ciwon hauka na Frontotemporal (misali, cutar Pick)
• Yanayin kwayoyin halitta (misali cutar Huntington, cutar Wilson)
• Ciwon kai da Migraines
• Gubar ƙarfe mai nauyi ko shan wasu abubuwa masu guba
• Cututtuka (musamman cututtukan da ke haifar da zazzabin kwakwalwa, kamar encephalitis)
• Yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, misali matsalolin yanayi, matsalolin damuwa, da matsalolin halayyar mutum
• Lewy body dementia
• Karyewar jiki (musamman farfadiya ta gaba) da kuma matsalolin da suka shafi farfadiya kamar farfadiya
• Ciwon Shanyewar Jini da Haɗarin Ischemic na Wucin Gadi (TIA)

Mene ne alamomin da ake yawan samu na matsala da Frontal Lobe?

A gaskiya ma, akwai alamomi da yawa da matsala a cikin "Frontal Lobe" za ta iya haifarwa. Akwai dalilai guda biyu da ya sa waɗannan alamomin suka bambanta da juna:

1. Domin kuwa "Frontal Lobe" ɗinka yana yin ayyuka iri-iri.

2. Domin kuwa adadi mai yawa na cututtuka daban-daban na iya shafar wannan "Babban Lobe".

Duk da haka, akwai alamu da dama da ake gani da yawa idan aka yi la'akari da matsalolin da ke cikin "Frontal Lobe":

• Canje-canje a halayen mutum: Abubuwa kamar zama mai taurin kai fiye da da, yin fushi da sauri, da kuma yin abubuwa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.
• Wahala wajen ganin dalili da sakamako, mai da hankali, tsara abubuwa, tsara su, ko kuma sauya hankali daga aiki ɗaya zuwa wani.
• Rashin aikin zartarwa: Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, wahalar yanke shawara, tsarawa, da kuma kula da kamun kai.
• Wahalar da mutum ke fuskanta wajen sarrafa motsin zuciyarsa da ayyukansa, musamman rashin iko kan abin da mutum ke faɗa da aikatawa.
• Wasu nau'ikan rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (amnesia).
• Wahalar motsa wasu tsokoki, gami da tsokoki da ake amfani da su wajen magana.

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ne ake yi don duba lafiyar goshin gaba?

Likitoci suna da hanyoyi daban-daban na duba lafiyar goshin gabanka. Waɗannan sun haɗa da gwaje-gwajen ganewar asali, gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma hotunan hoto. Wasu misalai sun haɗa da:

• Gwaje-gwajen jini: Waɗannan na iya gano abubuwa iri-iri, tun daga matsalolin garkuwar jiki zuwa guba a jiki (musamman ƙarfe kamar jan ƙarfe, mercury, da gubar).
• CT scan (Lissafin Tomography - CT scan)
• Gwajin EEG (Electroencephalogram - EEG) (duba aikin lantarki na kwakwalwa)
• Gwajin EMG (Electromyogram - gwajin sarrafa jijiyoyi) (yana ganin saurin saƙonnin da ke tafiya ta cikin jijiyoyi)
• Gwaje-gwajen jijiyoyi (duba yadda ji ke tafiya zuwa kwakwalwa)
• Duban MRI (Hoton Magnetic Resonance - MRI)
• Gwajin ilimin halittar kwakwalwa (gwajin abubuwa kamar tunani, ƙwaƙwalwa, hankali, da sauransu)
• Scan na PET (Positron Emission Tomography - PET scan)

Wadanne magunguna ne ake amfani da su wajen magance matsalolin da ke shafar goshin gaba?

Maganin matsalolin da suka shafi Frontal Lobe na iya zama daban-daban kamar yadda yanayin yake. Likitan ku zai iya ba ku shawara mafi kyau game da mafi kyawun hanyoyin magani don yanayin ku da abin da likitan ku ya ba da shawara. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci ku nemi shawarar likita idan kuna da wata alama.

Me zan iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar lobe na gaba (frontal lobe)?

Akwai abubuwa da yawa da za ku iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar kwakwalwarku gaba ɗaya, gami da gaban gabanku. Wasu matsalolin kwakwalwa za a iya hana su. Duk da cewa ba za a iya hana wasu ba, za ku iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da su. Ga wasu abubuwan da za ku iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar kwakwalwarku:

• Cin abinci mai kyau: Abincin da kuke ci yana shafar lafiyar tsarin jijiyoyinku. Zagayawar jini mai kyau yana da mahimmanci ga kwakwalwa ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata (misali, bugun jini yana faruwa ne lokacin da matsalolin tsarin jijiyoyin jini ke shafar kwakwalwa). Haka kuma, yawan wasu bitamin ko ƙarancinsu na iya shafar kwakwalwa.
• Nemo hanyoyin kula da lafiyayyen nauyi da kuma motsa jiki: Nauyinka da matakin aikinka na iya taimakawa wajen hana ko jinkirta yanayin da ke shafar kwakwalwa, musamman matsalolin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini kamar hawan jini. Za ka iya tambayar likitan iyalinka don shawara kan yadda ake samun isasshen nauyi mai kyau a gare ka da kuma abin da za ka iya yi don kiyaye shi. Motsa jiki yana shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa kai tsaye. Yana taimakawa wajen samun ingantaccen zagayawar jini, kuma yana taimaka wa kwakwalwa wajen samar da sakonnin sinadarai da ake kira "neurotransmitters".
• Sanya kayan kariya idan ya zama dole: Tunda gaban gabanka yana gaban kanka, zaka fi fuskantar rauni a gwiwa da kuma raunin kwakwalwa. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a yi amfani da kayan kariya kamar kwalkwali da bel na kujera yayin hawa a cikin ababen hawa.
• Kula da yanayin da kake ciki na yau da kullun: Yawancin cututtuka da ke shafar kwakwalwa suna taɓarɓarewa akan lokaci. Duk da haka, tare da magani mai kyau, wani lokacin zaka iya dakatar da su ko jinkirta lalacewarsu. Misali, cututtuka kamar Ciwon suga na Type 2 da Farfadiya.

Labari mai ban sha'awa game da Frontal Lobe!

"Frontal Lobe" ɗinka shine inda sassan kwakwalwarka waɗanda ke sarrafa ko kai wanene, musamman halayenka da kuma yadda kake hali suke. Yadda kake tunani, ikonka na magance matsaloli, ikonka na ƙulla alaƙar zamantakewa, ɗabi'arka, da kuma ikonka na fahimtar daidai daga kuskure duk sun dogara ne akan sassan "Frontal Lobe" ɗinka.

Masana sun fahimci hakan ne saboda wani jami'in jirgin ƙasa mai suna Phineas Gage. A shekara ta 1848, sandar ƙarfe ta ratsa kan Gage a lokacin da aka yi fashewar wani abu a wurin gina layin dogo, wanda ya lalata gefen hagu na gabansa. Kafin hatsarin, Gage shugaba ne mai natsuwa da girmamawa a tsakanin abokan aikinsa. Abin al'ajabi, Gage ya tsira daga hatsarin. Amma bayan hatsarin, halinsa ya canza gaba ɗaya. Ya zama mai fushi, rashin girmamawa, kuma sau da yawa yana amfani da kalaman batanci.

Duk da haka, canje-canjen halayen Gage ba na dindindin ba ne. Shekaru huɗu bayan hatsarin, Gage ya tafi Chile, Kudancin Amurka, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin direban karusar dawaki. Likitan da ya duba Gage a ƙarshen 1858 ko farkon 1859 ya ba da rahoton cewa yana da ƙoshin lafiya kuma ba shi da "rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa."

Duk da cewa Gage ya warke sosai daga hatsarin, amma ya mutu a San Francisco a shekarar 1860 sakamakon farfadiya. Wataƙila farfadiya ta faru ne sakamakon raunin da ya samu a hatsarin. Duk da haka, lamarinsa ya taimaka sosai wajen fahimtar magungunan zamani game da abin da ke faruwa a gaban goshin mutum, musamman yadda yake shafar hali.

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Idan ka yi tunani game da "Frontal Lobe" ɗinka, a zahiri kana gaya wa wani ɓangare na kwakwalwarka ya yi tunani a kai. "Frontal Lobe" ɗinka yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman sassan kwakwalwarka. Yana sarrafa kuma yana sarrafa yawancin ƙwarewar da kake amfani da su a rayuwarka ta yau da kullun. Hakanan shine inda kake sarrafa abubuwa kamar halayenka, motsin zuciyarka, da hukunci.

Don haka, kula da "Babban Lobe" ɗinka sosai, da kuma samun magani ga matsalolin da ke shafarsa, zai iya kawo babban canji a yadda yake ba da gudummawa ga rayuwarka. Kwakwalwa wata hanya ce mai tamani, kuma alhakinmu ne mu kare ta.

Lobe na gaba, aikin kwakwalwa, hali, yanke shawara, lafiyar kwakwalwa, ilimin halittar kwakwalwa