Akwai matsala game da chromosomes na jaririnka? Bari mu yi magana game da Aneuploidy a cikin sauƙi!

Abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a gare ku, waɗanda kuke tsammanin zama uwa, ku kasance cikin damuwa da tsoro game da abubuwa a wannan lokacin. Musamman idan kuna tunanin lafiyar ƙaramin yaron da ke cikinku. Wani lokaci muna tambayar likitoci, ko ma mutanen da ke ƙasa da mu, game da "cututtukan gado" ko "matsalolin chromosomes." Wannan shine abin da za mu yi magana a kai a yau, wata cuta da ake kira Aneuploidy . Sunan na iya yin kama da babban abu, amma kada ku damu. Za mu yi magana game da wannan a sauƙaƙe, ta hanyar da za ku iya fahimta.

Menene chromosomes? Bari mu fahimce shi a taƙaice.

Ka yi tunanin, kowace ƙaramar ƙwayar halitta a jikinmu tana da ƙananan ƙwallo na zare a ciki. Wannan shine abin da muke kira chromosomes . A cikin waɗannan chromosomes akwai DNA ɗinmu, wanda yake da matuƙar muhimmanci. Kamar shiri a kwamfuta, wannan DNA ɗin yana ɗauke da duk umarni da bayanai da jikinmu ke buƙata don girma, haɓaka, da yin komai. Muna samun waɗannan umarni daga mahaifiyarmu da mahaifinmu. Shi ya sa wani lokacin muke kama da mahaifiyarmu, wani lokacin kuma kamar mahaifinmu, wani lokacin kuma muna da gauraye biyu.

Ni da kai, dukkanmu mun sami chromosomes 23 daga mahaifiyarmu da kuma 23 daga mahaifinmu, jimillar chromosomes 46. Waɗannan an shirya su biyu-biyu a cikin ƙwayoyin halittarmu; wato, nau'i-nau'i 23. Daga cikin waɗannan, nau'i-nau'i 22 iri ɗaya ne ga kowa. Nau'i na ƙarshe yana ƙayyade ko mu mace ne ko namiji. Yawanci, idan mace ce, ana shirya ta a matsayin XX , kuma idan namiji ne, ana shirya ta a matsayin XY .

Ana maye gurbin ƙwayoyin jikinmu akai-akai. Idan tsofaffin ƙwayoyin halitta suka mutu, sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta suna samuwa. Muna kiran wannan rarrabuwar ƙwayoyin halitta . Wannan tsari ne mai sauƙi, kamar lokacin da kake 'kwafi' da 'manna' a kwamfuta. Lokacin da ƙwayoyin halitta suka rabu ta wannan hanyar, ƙwayoyin halittar da muka yi magana a kansu iri ɗaya ne, kuma suna shiga cikin sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta guda biyu da aka samar. Wannan yana faruwa a tsawon rayuwarmu. Haka kuma, lokacin da ƙwayoyin halitta na asali da ake buƙata don samar da sabon jariri, wato, ƙwai na uwa da maniyyin uba, wannan rabuwar ƙwayoyin halitta ma yana faruwa. Duk da haka, wani lokacin ana iya samun ƙananan kurakurai da rashin daidaito a cikin wannan rabuwar ƙwayoyin halitta. Adadin chromosomes da ya kamata a raba bazai zama iri ɗaya ba. Idan hakan ta faru, wasu ƙwayoyin halitta ba sa samun ainihin adadin chromosomes da ya kamata a raba. Wannan shine babban dalilin yanayin kwayoyin halitta kamar (Turner syndrome) ko (Down syndrome) .

To, menene wannan (aneuploidy)?

A taƙaice dai, aneuploidy shine rashin adadin chromosomes daidai a cikin ƙwayoyin halittarmu, wanda shine 46. A mafi yawan lokuta, wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne saboda ƙaramin kuskure da ke faruwa lokacin da aka samar da ƙwan uwa ko maniyyin uba. Sannan, yayin da jariri ya fara girma, yana farawa da canjin adadin chromosomes.

Akwai abubuwa biyu da za su iya faruwa a cikin wannan:

1.Trisomy: Wannan yana nufin akwai ƙarin kwafin ɗaya daga cikin ƙwayoyin halittar, wanda ke haifar da jimillar ƙwayoyin halittar guda 47.

2. Monosomy: Wannan yana nufin cewa chromosome ɗaya ya ɓace, wanda ke haifar da jimillar chromosomes 45.

Idan aka ɗauki cikin jariri da wannan nau'in rashin daidaituwar ƙwayoyin halitta, ɗaukar cikin ba ya ƙarewa da nasara. Akwai babban haɗarin zubar ciki . A gaskiya ma, bincike ya gano cewa wannan yanayin (aneuploidy) shine ke haifar da kusan rabin duk zubar da ciki da ke faruwa a lokacin farkon watanni uku na ciki.

Menene manyan nau'ikan aneuploidy?

Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, akwai manyan nau'ikan aneuploidy guda biyu: Trisomy da Monosomy.

Trisomy

Trisomy yana nufin cewa jaririn yana da ƙarin chromosome, wanda ke kawo jimlar adadin chromosomes zuwa 47. Akwai manyan yanayi da dama da zasu iya haifar da wannan:

• Ciwon Down Syndrome: Wannan shine yanayin da muke ji game da shi. Abin da ke faruwa a nan shi ne akwai ƙarin kwafin chromosome 21. Wannan yana nufin akwai kwafin chromosome 21 guda uku. Wannan kuma ana kiransa (Trisomy 21) .
• (Trisomy 18) Trisomy 18: Nan ne ake samun ƙarin kwafin chromosome 18. A da, an san shi da Edwards syndrome , wannan yanayin na iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya da yawa ga jariran da aka haifa da wannan yanayin.
• (Trisomy 13) Trisomy 13: Nan ne ake samun ƙarin kwafin chromosome 13. A da, an san shi da Patau syndrome , wannan ma yanayi ne da ke haifar da matsalolin lafiya masu tsanani.

Monosomy

Monosomy yana nufin cewa jariri yana karɓar ƙaramin chromosome ɗaya. Wannan yana haifar da jimillar chromosomes 45. Babban yanayin da ke haifar da wannan shine:

• Ciwon Turner: Wannan cuta ce ta chromosome ta jima'i. Yawanci, yarinya mace tana da chromosome X guda biyu (XX). Yarinya mace da ke fama da cutar Turner tana da chromosome X guda ɗaya kawai. Wannan ana kiransa (Monosomy X) . Tunda babu chromosome Y, ana haihuwar waɗannan jarirai a matsayin 'yan mata.

Su waye wannan yanayi zai fi shafa?

A gaskiya ma, wata cuta da ake kira aneuploidy na iya shafar kowace jariri . Yana faruwa ba zato ba tsammani. Duk da haka, wasu bincike sun gano cewa haɗarin yana ƙaruwa kaɗan yayin da uwa ke tsufa . Misali, uwa mai shekaru 20 tana da damar haihuwa ɗaya cikin 1,480 tare da rashin daidaituwar chromosome, yayin da uwa mai shekaru 40 tana da damar haihuwa ɗaya cikin 65. Duk da haka, wannan ba yana nufin cewa ƙananan uwaye ba sa cikin haɗari ba. A yanayin Turner syndrome, ana cewa shekaru ba su taka muhimmiyar rawa ba.

Shi ya sa, idan kana tunanin haihuwa, ka yi magana da likita ka nemi shawarar kwayoyin halitta.Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a same shi. Sannan za ku iya sanin waɗannan yanayi tun da wuri, ku fahimci haɗarin da ke tattare da ku, sannan ku yi magana game da gwaje-gwajen da suka wajaba.

Yaya yawan zubar da ciki yake faruwa a cikin mata masu juna biyu? Akwai alaƙa da zubar da ciki?

Matsalolin rashin haihuwa da na chromosome sun fi yawa fiye da yadda muke zato. Suna faruwa a kusan ɗaya cikin kowace ciki 150. Aneuploidy kuma yana da alhakin kusan kashi 50% na zubar da ciki da wuri . Wannan yana nufin cewa a mafi yawan lokuta, yanayi zai dakatar da ciki tare da matsalar chromosome maimakon ci gaba da shi.

Ta yaya rashin haihuwa zai iya shafar daukar ciki?

Samun ƙarin chromosome (Trisomy) ko rashin chromosomes (Monosomy) na iya shafar daukar ciki ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

Trisomy:

Yawancin ciki da ke ɗauke da trisomy suna ƙarewa da zubar ciki . Bincike ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 35% na dukkan zubar da ciki yana faruwa ne saboda trisomy. Duk da haka, ba kasafai ake haihuwar kusan kashi 1% na jarirai da ke ɗauke da cutar trisomy ba. Daga cikinsu, waɗanda suka fi yawa su ne jarirai masu (Trisomy 21) ko (Down syndrome). Idan aka haifi jariri da irin wannan cutar trisomy, adadin rayuwar jaririn na iya zama ƙasa da na jariri na yau da kullun. Wannan ya faru ne saboda matsaloli daban-daban da nakasar haihuwa da ke faruwa a lokacin haihuwa.

Monosom:

Yanayin monosomy ya fi rikitarwa fiye da trisomies. Kamar yadda aka sani, Monosomy X, ko Turner syndrome ne kawai ke haifar da haihuwa kai tsaye. Ciwon Turner yana faruwa ne lokacin da kwayar halitta X guda ɗaya kawai ke akwai. Saboda babu kwayar halitta ta Y, waɗannan jarirai ana haihuwar su ne a matsayin 'yan mata.

Menene alamun rashin isasshen jini (aneuploidy)?

Alamar da aka fi sani da rashin haihuwa a cikin mata ita ce zubar da ciki . Wannan shine lokacin da ciki ya ƙare a tsakiyar lokacin. Wannan yawanci yana faruwa ne a farkon watanni uku na ciki, amma wani lokacin yana iya faruwa daga baya. Alamomin zubar da ciki sun haɗa da:

• Ciwon ciki da na baya.
• Ciwon mara kamar lokacin haila.
• Wataƙila kaɗan, wataƙila zubar jini mai yawa.

Muhimmi: Idan kana tunanin kana da waɗannan alamomin, ya kamata ka ga likita nan da nan.

Duk da haka, duk da cewa kusan kashi 50% na zubar da ciki yana faruwa ne saboda dalilai na kwayoyin halitta kamar rashin haihuwa, jarirai a wasu lokutan ana iya haifar su da wannan yanayin. Irin waɗannan jarirai sun fi samun nakasa a haihuwa , da kuma jinkirin ci gaba da kuma nakasa a hankali .

Me yasa wannan (aneuploidy) ke faruwa? Menene abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan?

Aneuploidy lahani ne na kwayoyin halitta. Sau da yawa, wannan lahani yana faruwa kafin ƙwai na uwa da maniyyin uba su haɗu, wato, a lokacin da ƙwai da maniyyin suka haɗu. Mun yi magana a baya game da rabuwar ƙwayoyin halitta. Ana samar da ƙwai da maniyyi ta hanyar wani tsari na musamman na rarraba ƙwayoyin halitta da ake kira meiosis . A nan, ƙwayar halitta mai chromosomes 46 tana rabuwa sau biyu, tana ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin halitta huɗu (ƙwai ko maniyyi) tare da chromosomes 23 kowannensu. Aneuploidy yana faruwa ne lokacin da chromosomes suka haɗu ba su rabu yadda ya kamata ba a lokacin wannan meiosis, kuma wasu ƙwai ko maniyyi suna da chromosomes da yawa ko kaɗan.

Wannan wani abu ne da ke faruwa ba zato ba tsammani kuma ba zato ba tsammani . Kamar yadda firintar da ke ofis wani lokacin take daina aiki ba zato ba tsammani, ko kuma takardar takarda ta ɓace, DNA ɗinmu ma yana iya samun irin waɗannan kurakurai. Babu wanda zai iya faɗin lokacin ko yadda zai faru. Idan kana son ƙarin bayani game da wannan, yana da kyau ka yi magana da likita ka nemi shawarar kwayoyin halitta.

Akwai gwaje-gwaje da za su iya gano rashin isasshen jini a lokacin daukar ciki?

Eh, akwai gwaje-gwaje da dama da za a iya yi a lokacin daukar ciki don gano ko jariri yana da wata cuta da ake kira aneuploidy. Wasu daga cikinsu gwaje-gwajen tantancewa ne, yayin da wasu gwaje-gwajen gano cututtuka ne.

• Gwajin Haihuwa Mai Rashin Inzali (NIPT) / Gwajin Haihuwa Mai Rashin Inzali (NIPS): Wannan gwajin jini ne mai sauƙi wanda za a iya yi bayan makonni 10 na ciki. Yana ɗaukar samfurin jinin uwa kuma yana duba DNA na jaririn don ganin yadda zai iya samun cututtuka kamar Down syndrome, Trisomy 18, da Trisomy 13. Wannan yana gaya maka kawai haɗarin, ba ainihin dalilin ba.
• Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Wannan gwaji ne da ake yi tsakanin makonni 10 zuwa 13 na ciki. A nan, likita ya ɗauki ƙaramin samfurin ƙwayoyin halitta daga mahaifa ya gwada shi don gano yanayin kwayoyin halitta. Wannan zai iya gano yanayi kamar rashin isasshen jini. Duk da haka, yana da ƙaramin haɗarin zubar da ciki.
• Amniocentesis: Wannan gwaji ne da ake yi tsakanin makonni 15 zuwa 20 na ciki. A nan, likita ya ɗauki ƙaramin samfurin ruwan amniotic da ke kewaye da jaririn kuma ya duba ƙwayoyin halittar jaririn da ke ciki. Wannan kuma zai iya gano yanayi kamar rashin isasshen jini da wasu lahani na haihuwa daidai. Akwai kuma ƙaramin haɗarin zubar da ciki.

Kafin yanke shawara game da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a yi magana da likitanka a hankali kuma a fahimci fa'idodi da rashin amfani.

Yaya ake magance Aneuploidy?

A gaskiya ma, babu wani takamaiman magani ga wannan cuta (Aneuploidy).Yawancin cututtukan da ke haifar da rashin isasshen jini suna kashe jariri, ko kuma suna haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani kamar nakasa ta hankali da nakasa ta jiki. Saboda haka, maganin yana da nufin magance alamun da matsalolin kowane yaro. Wannan yana nufin ƙirƙirar tsarin magani wanda aka tsara shi don kowane yaro kuma ya sa shi ya kasance cikin koshin lafiya.

Idan kina da juna biyu, akwai haɗarin zubar da ciki saboda (aneuploidy). Zubar da ciki abu ne mai matuƙar wahala ga mace, a zahiri da kuma a ruhi. Idan haka ta faru, kina buƙatar ba wa kanki lokaci don warkewa.

Idan kana tunanin fara iyali, yi magana da likita game da gwajin kwayoyin halitta da hanyoyin da za ka ƙara damar samun nasarar daukar ciki.

Akwai wani abu da za mu iya yi don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar aneuploidy?

Ba za a iya hana Aneuploidy gaba ɗaya ba saboda lahani ne na kwayoyin halitta. Duk da haka, akwai abubuwa da yawa da za mu iya yi don rage haɗarin samun lahani ga jariri:

• Cin abinci mai kyau: Cin abinci mai gina jiki yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a lokacin daukar ciki.
• Yi gwajin kwayoyin halitta kafin ka yi shirin daukar ciki: Musamman idan wani a cikin iyalinka yana da cutar kwayar halitta, ko kuma idan kana da shekaru sama da 35.
• Ka guji shan taba da shan barasa gaba ɗaya.
• Shan bitamin da likitanka ya ba da shawarar yi a lokacin daukar ciki daidai: musamman bitamin da ke ɗauke da folic acid.

Idan kina da zubar jini saboda rashin isasshen jini, za ki iya sake daukar ciki?

Eh, a mafi yawan lokuta yana yiwuwa . Damar zubar da ciki saboda rashin samun isasshen jini yana da ƙasa sosai. Domin, kamar yadda muka faɗa a baya, wannan lamari ne da bazuwar gaske. Mata da yawa sun haifi jarirai masu lafiya bayan zubar da ciki saboda rashin samun isasshen jini. Duk da haka, yana da kyau ku yi magana da likitan ku game da haɗarin da ke tattare da ku da gwaje-gwajen da za a iya yi kafin ƙoƙarin sake yin ciki.

Me za ku iya tsammani idan kuna da ɗa mai fama da aneuploidy?

Sau da yawa, idan aka gano wata cuta (aneuploidy), iyaye suna fuskantar zubar ciki. Wannan abin baƙin ciki ne ƙwarai. Amma abin da yake da muhimmanci a fahimta shi ne cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda wata matsala ta kwayoyin halitta da ta faru yayin ɗaukar ciki, ba saboda wani abu da mahaifiyar ta yi a lokacin daukar ciki ba. Likitan ku zai taimaka muku wajen murmurewa ta jiki da ta motsin rai bayan zubar ciki.

Idan aka haifi yaro da ciwon rashin haihuwa, wannan yaron na iya fuskantar jinkiri a ci gaba , gajeriyar jiki, nakasar haihuwa, da kuma nakasa ta hankali a tsawon rayuwarsa. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a duba lafiyar yaron akai-akai tare da likita sannan a ba shi magani da tallafi da ake buƙata. Babu cikakken magani ga ciwon rashin haihuwa.

Yaushe ya kamata ka ga likita?

• Kana da alamun zubar da ciki.Idan kana da wata alama (ciwon ciki, ciwon baya, zubar jini), ka nemi likita nan take. Zai gaya maka ko kana buƙatar zuwa asibiti ko a'a.
• Bayan zubar da ciki, idan kun fuskanci ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamun, ku ga likita nan da nan, domin suna iya zama alamar kamuwa da cuta:
• Idan kana da mura da zazzabi (kamar sanyi, zazzabi)
• Idan kana zubar jini sosai (jini mai yawa)
• Idan kana yawan jin zafi da rashin jin daɗi

Waɗanne muhimman tambayoyi ne za ku yi wa likitanku?

Idan za ka yi magana da likita game da wannan, kar ka manta ka yi waɗannan tambayoyin:

• Shin ina cikin haɗarin samun ɗa mai cutar kwayar halitta?
• Bayan zubar da ciki saboda rashin isasshen jini, shin jikina yana da lafiya har ya sake samun wani jariri?
• Idan ina cikin haɗarin haihuwar ɗa mai cutar kwayar halitta, shin kuna ba da shawarar ƙarin gwaje-gwajen haihuwa?

Menene bambanci tsakanin (Aneuploidy) da (Polyploidy)?

Aneuploidy da polyploidy duka yanayi ne na kwayoyin halitta da ke faruwa sakamakon canjin adadin chromosomes a cikin DNA na jariri. Amma akwai ɗan bambanci.

• Aneuploidy shine kasancewar ƙarin chromosome ɗaya (misali 47) ko kuma ƙarancin chromosome ɗaya (misali 45). Ba kasafai ake samun chromosomes da yawa ba.
• Polyploidy yanayi ne na samun ƙarin tarin chromosomes (watau chromosomes 23). Misali, idan ka gaji chromosomes 23 daga mahaifiyarka da kuma chromosomes 46 daga mahaifinka (watau sau biyu adadin da aka saba), ana kiransa Triploidy. Waɗannan yanayi ne masu matuƙar wuya kuma galibi suna iya kashe mutum.

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Ciwon zuciya na iya zama abin tsoro idan ka ji labarinsa. Amma ka tuna, sau da yawa yakan faru ne ba zato ba tsammani, ba tare da laifinka ba. Kamar yadda kwamfutar da muke amfani da ita ta daina aiki ba zato ba tsammani, ko da ƙwayoyin halittarmu sun rabu, ƙananan kurakurai na iya faruwa a wasu lokutan.

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine a san cewa ba kai kaɗai ba ne. Akwai likitoci, dangi, da abokai waɗanda za su iya magana game da wannan, su ba ka shawara, kuma su taimake ka. Idan kana shirin yin ciki, ko kuma kana da juna biyu, yi magana a fili game da wannan tare da likitanka. Sami shawarar kwayoyin halitta. Wannan zai taimaka maka fahimtar yanayi kamar rashin haihuwa, haɗarinka, da gwaje-gwajen da za a iya yi. Haka kuma, idan dole ne ka fuskanci wata matsala mai ban tsoro kamar zubar ciki, kada ka yi jinkirin samun tallafin da kake buƙata don murmurewa daga gare ta ta jiki da ta ruhi.

Muna fatan komai zai tafi lafiya!

` Chromosomes, aneuploidy, kwayoyin halitta, ciki, zubar da ciki, Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, trisomy, monosomy, gwajin kwayoyin halitta, lahani na haihuwa, DNA, rarraba ƙwayoyin halitta