Wani lokaci za ka iya ganin wani abu da ake kira "Ƙwayoyin cuta" a cikin rahoton jininka. Abu ne na al'ada a ji ɗan tsoro idan ka gan shi. Ko da jin kalmar "fashewa" na iya zama ɗan tsoro. Amma kafin ka fara jin tsoro, bari mu yi magana a taƙaice game da ainihin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta, dalilin da ya sa suke da mahimmanci ga jikinmu, kuma me zai faru idan sun ƙaru?
Menene ƙwayoyin fashewa? Shin wannan shine kawai abin da kuke buƙatar sani?
Eh, yana da muhimmanci a san wannan. A taƙaice dai, ƙwayoyin cuta na fashewa nau'in ƙwayoyin halitta ne da ba su kai girman da suka kai ba, ko kuma waɗanda ba su kai girman da suka kai ba, a jikinmu. Waɗannan su ne ƙwayoyin da ke haifar da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban a jikinmu. Amma idan ka sami rahoton dakin gwaje-gwaje da ke cewa "busassun ƙwayoyin cuta," yawanci yana nufin ƙwayoyin jini marasa girma. Domin masana ilimin jini da kuma likitocin ciwon daji suna amfani da abubuwa kamar adadin ƙwayoyin cuta masu fashewa a cikin jininka don gano wasu cututtuka da suka shafi jini, kamar cutar sankarar jini mai tsanani.
Idan kana da ƙwayoyin cuta masu siffar da ba ta dace ba ko kuma yawansu a cikin jininka, hakan na iya zama alamar wani ciwon daji na jini. Shi ya sa ya kamata ka damu da wannan.
To, menene bambanci tsakanin ƙwayoyin jini da ƙwayoyin fashewa?
Wannan na iya zama kamar abu ne mai rikitarwa, amma a zahiri abu ne mai sauƙi. Ka yi tunani a kai, waɗannan matakai ne masu mahimmanci a cikin ci gaban ƙwayoyin halittarmu.
Kwayoyin halittar jini kamar uwa suke samar da dukkan sauran nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta.
Kwayoyin fashewa suna tasowa daga waɗannan ƙwayoyin tushe. Ana kuma kiran su da "progenitor" ko "precursor". Wato, suna matakin "pre" kafin ƙwayar halitta ta girma gaba ɗaya. Ba kamar ƙwayar tushe ba, ƙwayar fashewa ta riga ta ƙaddara ta zama takamaiman nau'in ƙwayar halitta. Kamar zuwa jami'a ne da kuma nazarin fannoni na gabaɗaya da farko, sannan a mai da hankali kan wani fanni na musamman.
Menene amfanin ƙwayoyin fashewa ga jikinmu?
Kwayar fashewa mataki ne kawai na farko na samuwar ƙwayoyin jini. Jikinka yana yin sabbin ƙwayoyin jini (tare da ƙwayoyin fashewa) don maye gurbin tsoffin ƙwayoyin halitta. Wannan tsari na samuwar jini ana kiransa hematopoiesis . Wannan yana faruwa ne a mafi yawan lokuta a cikin bargon ƙashi .
A cikin ƙashin ku, akwai ƙwayar halitta gama gari da ake kira "ƙwayar halitta mai tushe ta hematopoietic" (HSC). Wannan yana haifar da manyan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta guda biyu:
- Myeloblast: Wannan nau'in ƙwayar fashewa an samo shi ne dagaAna samar da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, fararen ƙwayoyin jini (misali, granulocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, da eosinophils), da kuma platelets.
- Lymphoblast: Wannan nau'in ƙwayar cuta tana haifar da lymphocytes, wani nau'in ƙwayar cuta ta jini.
Kwayoyin jini masu cikakken girma da girma suna barin bargon ƙashi suna tafiya ta cikin jinin jikinka. Duk da haka, ƙwayoyin fashewar da ke ci gaba da tasowa suna cikin bargon ƙashin jikinka, ba a cikin jininka ba. Shi ya sa rahoton dakin gwaje-gwaje da ke nuna ƙwayoyin fashewar a cikin jininka zai iya zama matsala.
Me yasa waɗannan ƙwayoyin fashewar suke ƙaruwa? Shin akwai matsala?
Idan rahoton dakin gwaje-gwaje ya nuna cewa kana da yawan ƙwayoyin cuta masu fashewa a cikin bargon ƙashi ko jininka, hakan na iya zama alamar cutar kansar jini, kamar cutar sankarar jini. Musamman idan ƙwayoyin suka yi kama da marasa kyau idan aka duba su a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa. Yawanci, kashi 5% ne kawai na jimillar ƙwayoyin jini a cikin bargon ƙashi ya kamata su zama ƙwayoyin cuta masu fashewa. Ba shi da kyau a sami ƙwayoyin cuta masu fashewa a cikin jininka kwata-kwata.
Akwai manyan dalilai da yawa da yasa ƙwayoyin fashewar ke ƙaruwa:
- Ciwon sankarar myeloid mai tsanani (AML)
- Ciwon Myelodysplastic (MDS)
- Ciwon sankarar myeloid na yau da kullun (CML)
- Ciwon sankarar lymphoblastic mai tsanani (DUKA)
- Wasu cututtuka da jiyya marasa ciwon daji
Bari mu duba kowanne daga cikin waɗannan dalla-dalla.
Bari mu yi bayani game da cutar sankarar myeloid mai tsanani (AML)
A mafi yawan lokuta, idan likitoci suka yi magana game da ƙwayoyin cuta masu fashewa, suna nufin cutar sankarar myeloid mai tsanani (AML) . AML nau'in ciwon daji ne mai matuƙar ƙarfi wanda ke yaɗuwa da sauri. Saboda haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gano cutar kuma a fara magani da wuri-wuri. Gwaji don waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta masu fashewa hanya ce mai mahimmanci don gano cutar da wuri.
A cikin AML, ƙwayoyin fashewa marasa kyau suna taruwa a cikin bargon ƙashi kuma suna ɓuɓɓuga cikin jininka. Yawancin waɗannan nau'in ƙwayoyin halitta ne da ake kira myeloblasts. Waɗannan sun shirya su zama fararen ƙwayoyin jini (granulocytes) kafin su zama ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
Saboda waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta masu fashewa ba su da girma kuma ba su da kyau, ba sa yin wani aiki mai amfani ga jiki. Madadin haka, suna ɗaukar sarari mai yawa a cikin ƙashi har suna hana jikinka ƙirƙirar sabbin ƙwayoyin jini masu lafiya da yake buƙata. Ba tare da ƙwayoyin jini masu girma da aiki yadda ya kamata ba, jikinka ba zai iya aiki yadda ya kamata ba.
Idan kana da kashi 20% ko fiye na ƙwayoyin cuta masu fashewa a cikin ƙashin ƙashi ko jininka, to wannan alama ce ta AML.
Menene Ciwon Myelodysplastic (MDS)?
Ciwon Myelodysplastic (MDS) shi ma wani nau'in ciwon daji ne na jini. Abin da ke faruwa a nan shi ne ƙwayoyin fashewa ba sa girma zuwa ƙwayoyin jini na yau da kullun. Sau da yawa, waɗannan ƙwayoyin fashewa suna mutuwa kafin su girma yadda ya kamata. Ko da yake akwai ƙwayoyin fashewa da yawa, lokacin da ƙwayoyin halitta ba su da yawa waɗanda za su iya yin aikinsu, matsaloli kamar rashin jini na iya faruwa. Haka kuma, kuna iya samun kamuwa da cuta akai-akai (saboda ƙarancin ƙwayoyin jini na farin jini) kuma kuna zubar da jini ko kumbura cikin sauƙi (saboda ƙarancin ƙwayoyin platelets).
Idan kana da ƙwayoyin cuta tsakanin kashi 5% zuwa 20% a cikin ƙashin ƙashin ka, to alama ce ta wata cuta da ake kira 'MDS'. Kimanin kashi 30% na mutanen da ke da 'MDS' za su kamu da 'AML' daga ƙarshe.
Bari mu kuma duba cutar sankarar jini ta Myeloid (CML) mai tsanani.
Ciwon sankarar myeloid na tsawon lokaci (CML) ciwon daji ne na jini na dogon lokaci (na yau da kullun). Hakanan yana haifar da ƙaruwar adadin ƙwayoyin fashewa a cikin bargo ko jini. Likitoci suna rarraba tsananin yanayin bisa ga matakin ƙwayoyin fashewar ku:
- Tsarin CML na Zamani: Kasa da kashi 10% na ƙwayoyin da ke cikin jininka ko ƙashin ƙashi ƙwayoyin fashewa ne.
- Tsarin CML Mai Sauri: Tsakanin kashi 10% zuwa 19% na ƙwayoyin da ke cikin jininka ƙwayoyin fashewa ne.
- Tsarin Blast Phase CML (rikicin fashewa): Fiye da kashi 20% na ƙwayoyin da ke cikin jininka ƙwayoyin fashewa ne. Wannan yayi kama da AML.
Menene Cutar Leukemia Mai Tsanani ta Lymphoblastic (DUKA)?
Ciwon sankarar lymphoblastic mai tsanani (ALL) shine nau'in ciwon daji da ya fi yawa a cikin yara. A DUKKAN, ƙashi yana samar da ƙwayoyin cuta marasa kyau (masu ciwon daji) da ake kira lymphoblasts. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta marasa kyau suna rabuwa da sauri kuma suna yin kwafi da yawa na kansu. Wannan yana sa ya yi wa bargon ƙashi wahala ya samar da ƙwayoyin halitta na yau da kullun da jikinka ke buƙata.
A DUKKAN, aƙalla kashi 20% na ƙwayoyin jini a cikin ƙashin ku ƙwayoyin blast ne. Yawancin mutanen da aka gano suna da cutar (kimanin kashi 90%) suma suna da ƙwayoyin blast a cikin jinin su.
Shin ƙwayoyin fashewa za su iya ƙaruwa saboda wasu dalilai banda ciwon daji?
Eh, wannan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Kada ku ɗauka cewa ciwon daji ya samo asali ne daga rahoton dakin gwaje-gwaje da ke nuna yawan ƙwayoyin cuta masu fashewa. Wasu yanayi da dalilai marasa ciwon daji kuma na iya haifar da ƙaruwar ƙwayoyin cuta na ɗan lokaci. Misalan sun haɗa da:
- Cututtuka masu tsanani: Idan jikinka ya kamu da wata mummunar cuta, kamar kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani (sepsis), ƙwayoyin cuta masu fashewa za su iya shiga jini.
- Maganin Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF): Ana iya ganin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jini bayan an yi musu allurar da ake kira G-CSF. Waɗannan allurar suna ƙarfafa ƙashin ƙashin ku don samar da ƙarin ƙwayoyin jini na farin jini don kare ku daga kamuwa da cuta. Ana iya buƙatar waɗannan idan kuna karɓar maganin chemotherapy ko kuma idan kuna da ƙarancin ƙwayoyin jini na farin jini (neutropenia).
- Dashen ƙwayoyin halitta: Idan an yi maka dashen ƙwayoyin halitta a matsayin maganin wata cuta ta lafiya, za ka iya samun ƙaruwar ƙwayoyin halitta masu fashewa. Dashen ƙwayoyin halitta na iya zama dole ga cututtuka kamar cututtukan jini, ciwon daji, ko cututtukan da ke shafar garkuwar jiki waɗanda jikinka ba zai iya samar da ƙwayoyin jini na yau da kullun ba.
Amma abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne, ba kamar ƙwayoyin fashewa da ke da alaƙa da ciwon daji ba, ƙwayoyin fashewar da aka gani a waɗannan lokuta galibi suna kama da lafiya a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa. Hakanan suna iya haɓaka zuwa ƙwayoyin jini na yau da kullun. Bayan lokaci, wannan adadin yana raguwa.
Ta yaya ake duba matakin ƙwayoyin fashewa daidai? Menene waɗannan gwaje-gwajen?
Akwai gwaje-gwaje da dama da ke nuna matakan ƙwayoyin cuta masu fashewa:
- Gwajin jini na gefe (PBS): Wannan gwajin yana nuna kasancewar ƙwayoyin fashewa a cikin jininka. A cikin gwajin PBS, likitan cututtuka yana duba samfurin jininka a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa don ganin ko akwai ƙwayoyin fashewa da yawa ko kuma idan sun yi kama da marasa kyau.
- Gwaje-gwajen ƙashi: Gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka yi bayan an yi gwajin ƙwayoyin halitta ko kuma an yi musu gwaji na iya gano ƙwayoyin halitta masu fashewa a cikin ƙashi. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da gwaje-gwaje kamar su cytometry na kwarara, immunohistochemistry, ko fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) don neman canje-canjen kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta .
- Haka kuma za ku iya buƙatar samun cikakken ƙidayar jini (CBC) tare da bambancin don duba ƙwayoyin jininku masu ja da fari da kuma platelet, domin adadin ƙwayoyin jininku masu lafiya zai iya raguwa yayin da adadin ƙwayoyin fashewar ke ƙaruwa.
Likitoci suna la'akari da sakamakon gwaji da dalilai daban-daban kafin su gano wata cuta kamar cutar sankarar jini. Ba sa yanke shawara mai girma bisa ga gwaji ɗaya kawai.
A ƙarshe, wasu abubuwa da za a tuna
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine kada ka firgita idan ka ga kalmar "blasts" a cikin rahoton dakin gwaje-gwajenka.Gaskiya ne cewa samun ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jininka na iya zama alamar rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Amma ya danganta da lafiyarka. Wani lokaci, ƙaruwar ƙwayoyin cuta na ɗan lokaci ne. Adadin yana raguwa akan lokaci. A wasu lokutan, yana iya zama alamar wani abu mafi tsanani, kamar cutar sankarar bargo mai tsanani. Likitanka ne kawai zai iya bayyana ainihin ma'anar sakamakonka ga lafiyarka. Don haka, idan kana da wasu tambayoyi, kada ka yi jinkirin tambayar likitanka.
` Ƙwayoyin cuta, cutar sankarar bargo, ciwon daji na jini, ƙashi, gwaje-gwajen jini, ƙwayoyin halitta, lafiya
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