Duk mun ji labarin bugun jini, ko ba haka ba? Mun san yadda yake da haɗari. Amma za ku iya mamakin sanin cewa babban dalilin hakan yana cikin wuyanmu. Haka ne, manyan jijiyoyin jini guda biyu a kowane gefen wuyanmu waɗanda ke ɗauke da jini zuwa kwakwalwa sun toshe, wanda zai iya haifar da wannan yanayi mai haɗari. A yau muna magana ne game da wata cuta da ake kira 'Carotid Artery Stenosis', wato raguwar jijiyoyin jini a wuya.
A taƙaice dai, menene cutar jijiyar carotid?
Ka yi tunanin jijiyoyin jini a jikinmu a matsayin bututun ruwa mai tsafta. Jini yana ratsa ta cikinsa ba tare da toshewa ba. A kowane gefen wuyanmu akwai jijiyoyin jini guda biyu masu matuƙar muhimmanci da ake kira Carotid Artery . Waɗannan su ne waɗanda ke ba wa kwakwalwarmu, fuska, da kuma kanmu jini mai wadataccen iskar oxygen.
Yanzu, a cikin wani yanayi da ake kira 'Carotid Artery Stenosis', ma'ajiyar kitse (plaque) ta fara taruwa a cikin waɗannan jijiyoyin jini. Wannan 'plaque' tarin abubuwa ne kamar cholesterol. Kamar yadda tsatsa ke taruwa a cikin bututun ruwa, waɗannan ma'ajiyar 'plaque' a hankali suna rage sararin da ke cikin jijiyoyin jini. Wannan ƙuntatawa na jijiyoyin jini shine abin da muke kira atherosclerosis .
Idan jijiyoyin jini suka toshe ta wannan hanyar, adadin jinin da ke kwarara zuwa kwakwalwa yana raguwa. Haka kuma, wani lokacin ƙananan guntu na wannan kitse na iya karyewa su toshe wani babban jijiyoyin jini a cikin kwakwalwa gaba ɗaya. A lokacin ne wani yanayi mai haɗari da ake kira bugun jini ya faru. Wannan na iya faruwa a cikin ɗaya ko duka jijiyoyin jini a gefe ɗaya na wuya. Idan ba a yi maganinsa ba, wannan yanayin na iya ta'azzara akan lokaci har ma ya zama barazana ga rayuwa.
Wadanne abubuwa ne ke haifar da wannan matsala?
Wannan yanayin ba wani abu bane da ke tasowa cikin dare ɗaya. Wasu halaye da matsaloli a rayuwarmu da lafiyarmu suna faruwa ne a kan lokaci. Za mu iya canza wasu daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan. Duba ko waɗannan abubuwan sun shafe ku ma.
| Abin Da Ya Shafi Hadari | Yadda yake shafar abu ne mai sauƙi. |
|---|---|
| Shan taba da shan taba | Waɗannan suna lalata bangon jijiyoyin jini na ciki kuma suna hanzarta ajiyar kitse (plaque). |
| Kiba | Kiba kuma tana ƙara wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari kamar hawan jini, cholesterol, da ciwon suga. |
| Rashin motsa jiki (Salon rayuwa mai natsuwa) | Idan jiki ba ya aiki, zagayawar jini na iya yin rauni kuma matakan cholesterol na iya ƙaruwa. |
| Hawan jini (Hawan jini) | Idan hawan jini ya ƙaru, jijiyoyin jini suna lalacewa kuma tsarin ajiyar kitse yana ƙaruwa. |
| Yawan cholesterol | Wannan mummunan cholesterol shine babban sinadari da ke samar da ma'adanai masu kitse (plaque). |
| Ciwon suga | Idan matakan sukari na jini suka ƙaru, jijiyoyin jini suna lalacewa kuma atherosclerosis yana ta'azzara. |
| Tsufa | Yayin da jijiyoyin jini ke raguwa yayin da muke tsufa, haɗarin kamuwa da wannan yanayin yana ƙaruwa ta halitta. |
Mene ne alamun wannan cuta?
Babbar matsalar a nan ita ce wannan toshewar jijiyoyin jini ba zai iya haifar da wata alama ba har sai ya haifar da bugun jini ko kuma harin ischemic na ɗan lokaci (TIA) .
TIA wani lokaci ne na katsewar kwararar jini zuwa kwakwalwa, wanda daga baya zai dawo bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci. Ya kamata a ɗauki wannan a matsayin babbar alama ta gargaɗi kafin a sami babban bugun jini.
Idan kana da TIA ko bugun jini, ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa suna fara mutuwa, don haka samun magani da wuri-wuri na iya zama bambanci tsakanin rayuwa da mutuwa.
Alamomin bugun jini ko TIA
Idan kai ko wani ya lura da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamun,A je sashen gaggawa na asibiti nan take. Lokaci ne mai muhimmanci.
- Fuska ta faɗi gefe ɗaya: Gefen baki ɗaya ya faɗi. Idan aka nemi ya yi murmushi, gefe ɗaya ne kawai ya yi murmushi.
- Wahalar magana: Kalmomi masu ratsa zuciya, rashin iya faɗin abin da kake son faɗa, ko kuma wahalar fahimtar abin da wani ke faɗa.
- Rashin gani a ido ɗaya: Yana iya jin kamar labule baƙi yana faɗuwa a gaban ido ɗaya.
- Jin kasala a gefe ɗaya na jiki: Rashin jin daɗi a gefe ɗaya na hannu, ƙafa, ko fuska.
- Rashin ƙarfi a gefe ɗaya na jiki: rashin iya ɗaga hannu ko ƙafa a gefe ɗaya, rashin sanin yakamata.
Ta yaya likita zai gano wannan?
Sau da yawa ana gano wannan yanayin bayan kun fara nuna alamun gurguwar jiki. Ko kuma, idan likitanku ya duba ku ya sanya na'urar duba ku a wuya, za su iya jin wani irin sauti na "whoshing" (bruit) wanda yake kama da jini yana fitowa daga toshewar jijiyoyin jini.
Ana yin gwaje-gwaje da dama don tabbatar da wannan cuta da kuma tantance ainihin yadda tasoshin jini suka toshe da kuma inda aka toshe su.
- Duban dan tayi: Wannan gwaji ne mara zafi wanda ke amfani da raƙuman sauti don ɗaukar hotunan cikin jiki. Yana iya ganin yadda jini ke gudana ta cikin jijiyoyin jini da kuma inda toshewar yake.
- Angiography na kwamfuta (Computed Tomography) (CTA): Wannan hoton CT ne na musamman wanda ke amfani da hasken X. Yana ɗaukar hotunan jijiyoyin jininka a sarari ta hanyar allurar fenti na musamman a cikinsu.
- Kwakwalwar kwakwalwa: Wannan ya ƙunshi wucewar wani siririn bututu (catheter) ta cikin jijiyoyin jini don duba toshewar. Haka kuma ana allurar rini don ɗaukar hotunan jijiyoyin jini dalla-dalla.
- Na'urar daukar hoton MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography - MRA): Wannan yayi kama da na'urar daukar hoton CTA, amma yana amfani da karfin maganadisu maimakon X-ray don samun cikakkun hotunan jijiyoyin jini.
Bayan waɗannan gwaje-gwaje, likitanka zai tantance yawan jijiyoyin jininka da suka toshe. Yawanci ana rarraba shi a matsayin mai sauƙi (ƙasa da 50%), matsakaici (tsakanin 50% da 79%), da kuma mai tsanani (fiye da 80%) .
Yaya ake yi masa magani?
Babban burin magani shine a dakatar da cutar daga ta'azzara da kuma rage barazanar kamuwa da gurguwar jiki.
1. Canje-canje a salon rayuwa da magunguna
Wannan shine mataki na farko kuma mafi mahimmanci.
- Cin abinci mai kyau: Sabawa tsarin cin abinci mai ƙarancin mai, gishiri, da sukari.
- Motsa Jiki: Shiga cikin motsa jiki na yau da kullun.
- Daina shan taba: Wannan tabbas abu ne da ya kamata ka yi.
- Magunguna:Likitan ku zai iya rubuta muku magani kamar aspirin don rage yawan zubar jini, da kuma magungunan rage cholesterol da kuma magungunan hawan jini .
2. Tiyata da sauran hanyoyin
Idan cutar ta yi tsanani, ko kuma idan ka riga ka yi TIA ko bugun jini, likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar yin tiyata.
- Gyaran jijiyoyin jini na Carotid: A wannan aikin, likitan fiɗa yana yin ƙaramin yankewa a wuya, yana buɗe jijiyoyin jini, sannan yana goge layin kitse da ya toshe (plaque).
- Stenting: A cikin wannan tsari, ana saka babban na'ura mai kama da allura a cikin jijiyoyin jini sannan a sanya ƙaramin bututu mai kama da raga (stent) a yankin da aka toshe don faɗaɗa jijiyoyin jini. Wannan yana kawar da toshewar kwararar jini.
Abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne ba kowa ne ke buƙatar tiyata ba. Ko kana buƙatar tiyata ko a'a, kuma idan haka ne, wane irin tiyata ya dace, likitanka ne zai tantance, wanda zai auna haɗarin da ke tattare da yanayinka da haɗarin da ke tattare da tiyata.
Wannan na iya zama mai matuƙar haɗari idan ba a yi maganinsa ba. Duk da haka, idan aka gano cutar da wuri kuma aka yi mata magani yadda ya kamata, sakamakon zai yi kyau sosai. Yawancin mutane suna murmurewa da sauri bayan tiyata, suna zama a asibiti na kwana ɗaya ko biyu.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Ciwon jijiyoyin Carotid Stenosis wani yanayi ne mai tsanani wanda babban jijiyoyin jini a wuya ke toshewa saboda tarin kitse.
- Babban haɗarin wannan shine yana iya haifar da bugun jini kwatsam ba tare da nuna wata alama ba.
- Idan ka lura da wasu alamun gurguwar jiki, kamar su durƙushewa a fuska, magana mara kyau, ko kuma rashin jin daɗi a gefe ɗaya na jiki , je ka je Sashen Kula da Gaggawa na Asibiti (ETU) nan da nan.
- Ana iya hana wannan cuta da kuma shawo kanta ta hanyar sauye-sauyen salon rayuwa kamar guje wa shan taba, cin abinci mai kyau, da kuma motsa jiki.
- Idan kana da cututtuka kamar hawan jini, ciwon suga, ko cholesterol, ka riƙa zuwa wurin likitanka akai-akai kuma ka bi umarnin da aka ba ka.
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