Shin ɗanka yana tsufa da sauri? Bari mu koyi game da Ciwon Cockayne!

Wani lokaci muna jin tsoro sosai idan muka ga wasu canje-canje a cikin ci gaban 'ya'yanmu, ko ba haka ba? Musamman idan yaron ya yi abubuwa daban da sauran yara, ko kuma idan muka ga canje-canje a jiki. A yau za mu yi magana game da irin wannan yanayin rashin lafiya mai wuya amma mai matuƙar muhimmanci da ya kamata a sani. Wannan shine Ciwon Cockayne. Kuna iya damuwa idan kun ji wannan sunan, amma bari mu yi magana a kai a hankali kuma a bayyane.

Menene ainihin Ciwon Cockayne?

A taƙaice dai, Ciwon Cockayne wani yanayi ne na gado da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba. A cikin wannan, ƙwayoyin halittar da ke jikin yaron ba sa girma yadda ya kamata, kuma suna nuna alamun tsufa da wuri (progeria) . Ka yi tunanin, ko da yake yaro ne ƙarami, kamanninsa da wasu ayyukan jikinsa sun fara kama da na tsohon mutum.

Tare da wannan yanayin, ana iya ganin wasu manyan alamu:

• Jin Daɗin haske: A takaice dai, fata tana ƙonewa da sauri idan aka fallasa ta ga rana, kuma idanu ma suna jin rashin jin daɗi.
• Dwarfism: Tsawon yaron da nauyinsa sun yi ƙasa da yadda aka saba.
• Ciwon hauka mai ci gaba: Bayan wani lokaci, abubuwa kamar ƙwaƙwalwa da iyawar koyo na iya raguwa a hankali.

Akwai nau'ikan cutar Cockayne daban-daban?

Eh, akwai manyan nau'o'i uku na wannan yanayin, kowannensu yana da nasa alamun da kuma tsananinsu.

1. Nau'i na 1 (na gargajiya): Wannan shine nau'in da aka fi sani. Alamomin suna fara bayyana bayan yaron ya kai kimanin shekara ɗaya. Waɗannan alamomin suna ƙaruwa a hankali akan lokaci.

2. Nau'i na 2 (wanda aka haifa): Wannan shine nau'in da ya fi tsanani. Ana iya ganin alamun cutar a lokacin haihuwa. Waɗannan yara suna girma a hankali.

3. Nau'i na 3: Wannan ba kasafai yake faruwa ba. Alamomin ba su da tsanani sosai. Haka kuma, waɗannan alamomin suna bayyana daga baya a rayuwa.

Yaya wannan ciwon ya zama ruwan dare?

Ciwon Cockayne cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta ba. An ruwaito cewa wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne a cikin jarirai biyu zuwa uku kacal cikin kowace miliyan da aka haifa a ƙasashe kamar Amurka da Turai. Ana iya samun irin waɗannan marasa lafiya lokaci-lokaci a Sri Lanka.

Me ke haifar da cutar Cockayne?

Wannan abu ne mai ɗan rikitarwa, amma zan yi bayani a sauƙaƙe. Kwayoyin jikinmu suna ɗauke da wani abu da ake kira 'DNA'. Kamar littafi ne wanda ke ɗauke da duk bayanan da jikinmu ke buƙata don aiki. Wannan 'DNA' ɗin na iya lalacewa saboda dalilai daban-daban. Misali:

• Radiation
• Sinadarai masu guba
• Hasken ultraviolet daga rana
• Kwayoyin halitta marasa ƙarfi da ke samuwa a jikinmu (free radicals)

Yawanci, a jikin mutum mai lafiya, idan wannan "DNA" ya lalace, akwai wata hanya ta musamman don gyara shi. Kamar yadda idan wani abu a cikin gida ya lalace, ana gyara shi.

Duk da haka, a cikin yara masu fama da cutar Cockayne, wannan tsarin gyaran 'DNA' ('Matsalar gyaran DNA') ba ya aiki yadda ya kamata. Dalilin haka shine maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin halittar 'ERCC6' ko 'ERCC8'. Waɗannan kwayoyin halittar suna taimakawa wajen gyaran 'DNA'. Don haka, lokacin da waɗannan kwayoyin halittar ba su aiki yadda ya kamata ba, lalacewar 'DNA' tana taruwa ba tare da an gyara ta ba. Sannan ƙwayoyin ba za su iya yin aikinsu yadda ya kamata ba. Wannan shine babban dalilin duk waɗannan alamun.

Mene ne alamun cutar Cockayne?

Wannan yanayin na iya shafar sassa daban-daban na jiki. Bari mu dubi menene su.

Alamomin da suka shafi ido:

Idanu suna ɗaya daga cikin gabobin da wannan cuta ta fi shafa.

• Launin ido mara kyau.
• Girgizar ruwan tabarau na ido, kamar cataracts.
• Idanu masu ƙyalli (strabismus).
• Rashin iya rufe ido gaba ɗaya.
• Ganin nesa.
• Rage hawaye daga idanu.
• Ciwon ido.
• Rauni a hankali a hankali a cikin retina (Retina degeneration).
• Idanu ƙanƙanta fiye da girman da aka saba gani (microphthalmia).
• Idanun da suka faɗi (enophthalmos).

Siffofin fuska:

Ana iya ganin wasu takamaiman siffofi a yanayin fuska.

• Lalacewar haƙori yana da yuwuwar faruwa saboda rashin daidaiton haƙori.
• Ƙwayoyin kunne suna ƙara girma fiye da yadda aka saba kuma suna canzawa a siffarsu.
• Ƙaramin girman kai (microcephaly).
• Rage hanci.
• Fitowar muƙamuƙi na sama da na ƙasa (prognathism).

Matsalolin da suka shafi hormones:

• Jinkirin balaga.
• Matsalolin haihuwa.
• Gwangwani marasa girma a cikin samari.

Halaye da suka shafi tsarin jijiyoyi da ci gaba:

Waɗannan suna da matuƙar tasiri ga ayyukan yau da kullum na yaron.

• Taurin tsoka mara kyau (spasticity).
• Ragewar hankali a hankali a fannin iyawar tunani.
• Jinkirin ci gaba (misali, jinkirin tafiya, magana).
• Wahalar magana (aphasia).
• Girgizar gaɓɓai (Essential girgiza).
• Matsalolin motsi da daidaitawa (ataxia).
• Wahalolin koyo.
• Yana nuna alamun farfadiya `(Kamuwa)`.

Alamomin da suka shafi fata:

• Rage gumi (anhidrosis).
• Fatar tana da sauƙin ji rauni da tabo.
• Jin sanyi idan an taɓa fata.
• Canza launin shuɗi na fata (cyanosis) (musamman a gaɓoɓi).

Sauran tasirin:

• Hawan jini.
• Kitse mai yawa a kusa da zuciya (atherosclerosis).
• Ƙara girman hanta.
• Furewar gashi da wuri.
• Tsawo da nauyi sun yi ƙasa da matsakaicin da aka saba gani (dwarfism).
• Rashin ji.
• Manyan gidajen haɗi.
• Ƙarfin tsoka.
• Kyphosis.
• Dogayen hannaye da ƙafafuwa marasa kyau idan aka kwatanta da gajeriyar jiki.

Muhimmi: Ba duk waɗannan alamun za su bayyana a cikin kowane yaro ba, kuma tsananin alamun na iya bambanta daga yaro zuwa yaro.

Ta yaya ake gane cutar Cockayne?

Likita zai gano wannan yanayin ta hanyar duba yanayin lafiyar yaron da kuma takamaiman sakamakon gwaji. Manyan gwaje-gwajen da aka yi sune:

• Gwajin Halittar Halitta: Ana ɗaukar samfurin jini daga yaron kuma a gwada shi don gano maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin halittar ERCC6 ko ERCC8.
• Binciken Fata: Ana ɗaukar ƙaramin yanki na kyallen fata a gwada a dakin gwaje-gwaje don tantance ikon jiki na gyara DNA. Mutanen da ke fama da cutar Cockayne suna da saurin gyara DNA fiye da yadda aka saba.

Akwai wani muhimmin abu wajen gano wannan cuta. Wato, yana da muhimmanci a ga likita mai ƙwarewa a wannan cuta. Domin akwai wasu cututtuka masu irin wannan alamu (misali 'Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome', 'Laron syndrome', 'Seckel syndrome'). Don haka, domin a yi cikakken ganewar asali, ya zama dole a iya bambance wannan da irin waɗannan cututtuka.

Menene maganin cutar Cockayne?

Abin takaici, babu maganin cutar Cockayne. Duk da haka, hakan ba yana nufin babu abin da za mu iya yi ba. Babban burin magani shine hana da kuma magance matsalolin da cutar ke haifarwa. Wannan yana buƙatar goyon bayan ƙungiyar likitoci waɗanda suka ƙunshi ƙwararru daban-daban.

Bari mu duba wasu hanyoyin magani:

Kula da hakori:

• Ana buƙatar duba lafiyar hakori akai-akai don hana da kuma magance ruɓewar haƙori.

Kula da ido:

• Ciwon ido na iya buƙatar tiyata.
• Ga idanu masu haɗuwa, ana iya amfani da abin rufe fuska na ido don ƙarfafa tsokoki masu rauni na ido.
• Gilashi don ganin nesa.
• Gilashin rana don kare idanunku daga hasken rana mai haske.

Tallafi don samar da abinci mai gina jiki:

• Wasu yara na iya samun matsala wajen haɗiye abinci. A irin waɗannan yanayi, ana iya buƙatar a ba da abinci ta hanyar bututun da aka sanya ta hanci zuwa cikin ciki (bututun nasogastric) ko kuma bututun da aka sanya kai tsaye cikin ciki ta hanyar fata (perarcin endoscopic gastrostomy - PEG).

Maganin magana, motsa jiki, da kuma maganin motsa jiki:

• Na'urori da ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye yanayin jiki (misali, corset).
• Maganin motsa jiki da na aikin yi don magance ƙalubale kamar matsalolin tafiya.
• Maganin magance magana don haɓaka iya magana da haɗiyewa.

Sauran jiyya:

• Shirye-shiryen ilimi na musamman don jinkirin ci gaba.
• Magani ko abinci na musamman don sarrafa tarin kitse a cikin zuciya.
• Na'urorin ji don magance matsalar ji.
• Magunguna don rage taurin tsoka (jijiyar tsoka), rawar jiki, hawan jini, da farfadiya.
• Kariyar rana tana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Wannan yana nufin rage yawan fallasa rana, sanya huluna, da kuma sanya tufafi masu dogon hannu.

Za a iya hana cutar Cockayne?

Domin kuwa wannan yanayi ne na kwayoyin halitta, babu abin da za mu iya yi don hana shi. Idan aka haifi yaro da wannan yanayin, yana shafarsa har abada.

Duk da haka, idan kuna shirin fara iyali ko kuna tsammanin wani yaro, kuma wani a cikin iyalinku ya kamu da cutar Cockayne, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a sami shawarar kwayoyin halitta da gwajin kwayoyin halitta. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya gaya muku ko ku da abokin tarayya kuna da maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta na ERCC6 ko ERCC8. Idan haka ne, mai ba da shawara kan kwayoyin halitta zai iya bayyana muku yiwuwar samun ɗa mai cutar Cockayne.

Menene hasashen yara masu fama da cutar Cockayne?

Ciwon Cockayne wata cuta ce da ke shafar tsawon rai. Makomar yaron ya dogara ne da nau'in cutar.

• Nau'i na 1: Matsakaicin tsawon rai yana tsakanin shekaru 10 zuwa 20.
• Nau'i na 2: Waɗannan yaran yawanci ba sa rayuwa bayan ƙuruciya.
• Nau'i na 3: Yawancin waɗannan yaran za su iya rayuwa har zuwa matsakaicin girma.

Yaya rayuwa take da cutar Cockayne?

Rayuwar yaron ta yau da kullun ta dogara ne da nau'in cutar Cockayne da yake da ita. Ayyukan tallafi ga yara masu nakasa ta hankali da ci gaba na iya taimakawa wajen sauƙaƙa rayuwarsu. Akwai ayyukan gida da na al'umma don taimakawa ayyukan yau da kullun. Har ma kuna iya samun ayyukan zamantakewa na musamman.

Wasu yara suna zuwa makaranta har sai ƙwarewarsu ta ragu. Tsarin ilimi na mutum ɗaya (IEPs) da mataimakan koyarwa suna taimaka musu su koya tare da sauran yara. Duk da haka, yara masu fama da mummunan nau'in cutar ba za su amfana sosai daga halartar makaranta ba. Madadin haka, ayyukansu na yau da kullun na iya mayar da hankali kan magani da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali waɗanda ke taimaka musu su kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali.

Muhimmi sosai: Mutanen da ke fama da cutar Cockayne na iya samun rashin jituwa da ba a saba gani ba ga wasu magunguna.Musamman ma, ya kamata a guji metronidazole, wani maganin rigakafi da ake amfani da shi don magance cututtuka. Wannan maganin na iya haifar da gazawar hanta har ma da mutuwa ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar Cockayne. Saboda haka, kafin a ba da wani magani, a sanar da likita game da yanayin yaron a sarari.

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Ciwon Cockayne cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta ba, wacce ake gado sakamakon maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin halittar ERCC6 ko ERCC8. Yana iya shafar idanun yaro, iyawar hankali, fata, da kuma kamanninsa. Duk da cewa tsawon rayuwar waɗannan yaran ya fi guntu fiye da matsakaici, hanyoyin magani da tallafi daban-daban na iya ƙara musu jin daɗi da ingancin rayuwarsu.

Idan kana zargin cewa yaronka yana da waɗannan alamun, ya fi kyau kada ka firgita, amma ka nemi likita mai ƙwarewa da wuri-wuri. Samun ganewar asali da magani da wuri zai iya samar da sauƙi ga yaronka. Ka tuna, ba kai kaɗai ba ne, kuma akwai likitoci da wasu da yawa waɗanda za su iya taimaka maka a wannan tafiyar.

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