Kalmar 'cholesterol' ta saba wa mutane da yawa a ƙasarmu yanzu, ko ba haka ba? Sau da yawa muna jin abubuwa kamar 'Ina da yawan cholesterol', 'Kada ku ci abinci mai mai ko za ku kamu da cholesterol'. Amma menene ainihin wannan cholesterol? Me yasa yake da haɗari? Mutane da yawa ba su san shi ba. Abu mafi haɗari shine jikinmu ba ya nuna wata alama duk da cewa cholesterol ɗinmu yana da yawa. Shi ya sa yake da matukar muhimmanci mu san wannan maƙiyin shiru.
Menene ainihin cholesterol?
A taƙaice dai, cholesterol wani nau'in kitse ne da ake samu a cikin jininmu. Ana buƙatarsa don gina ƙwayoyin halitta, kare jijiyoyi, da kuma samar da hormones. Amma matsalar tana farawa ne lokacin da muke da shi da yawa.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan cholesterol guda biyu:
1. Cholesterol na LDL (ƙananan yawan lipoprotein): Wannan shine abin da muke kira "mummunan" cholesterol . Kamar ƙura da ke makale a cikin bututun ruwa, wannan cholesterol na LDL yana taruwa a bangon jijiyoyin jininmu, yana ƙuntata su kuma yana toshe su.
2. Cholesterol mai yawan yawa na HDL (high-density lipoprotein): Muna kiran wannan cholesterol "mai kyau" . Yana aiki ta hanyar cire mummunan cholesterol na LDL daga jijiyoyin jini da tsaftace shi. Yana kama da mai tsaftacewa.
Baya ga waɗannan guda biyu, akwai wani nau'in kitse a cikin jininmu da ake kira triglycerides . Kamar LDL, idan waɗannan suka yi yawa, suna ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya.
A al'ada, hantarmu tana samar da cholesterol da muke buƙata. Amma kuma muna samun ƙarin cholesterol daga abincin da muke ci, musamman abincin da aka sarrafa (misali, donuts, pizza daskararre, biskit, patties, rolls) da abincin dabbobi (madara, ƙwai, nama). Bayan lokaci, wannan ƙarin cholesterol na iya fara lalata jikinmu ba tare da mun sani ba.
Menene alamun yawan sinadarin cholesterol?
Wannan shine mafi mahimmanci. Ko da cholesterol ɗinka yana da yawa, ƙila ba za ka nuna wata alama ba. Za ka iya samun matakan cholesterol masu haɗari a jikinka ba tare da ma an sani ba.
Saboda haka, hanya ɗaya tilo da za a san matakin cholesterol ɗin ku ita ce a yi gwajin jini.
Sanin waɗannan dabi'u na iya taimaka maka rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. Idan kana da cututtukan zuciya, rage yawan sinadarin cholesterol ɗinka zai iya taimakawa wajen rage haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon zuciya ko mutuwa mai alaƙa da hakan.
Yaya ake sanin matakin cholesterol?
Idan kana da shekaru sama da 20, likitoci suna ba da shawarar a duba matakan cholesterol ɗinka aƙalla bayan kowace shekara 5. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar yin gwajin jini mai sauƙi wanda ake kira lipid profile . Wannan gwajin yana nuna waɗannan abubuwa game da lafiyarka:
- Jimlar matakin cholesterol
- Matsayin LDL (mummunan) cholesterol
- Matsayin HDL (mai kyau) cholesterol
- Matakan Triglyceride
Yana da mahimmanci a duba cholesterol ɗinka har ma ga yara. Yawanci ana ba da shawarar yara su duba cholesterol ɗinsu sau ɗaya tsakanin shekaru 9 zuwa 11. Duk da haka, idan kuna da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan haɗari, yana da mahimmanci a duba shi da wuri (tsakanin shekaru 2 zuwa 10).
| Abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗarin da ke buƙatar gwajin cholesterol da wuri a cikin yara | |
|---|---|
| Tarihin iyali | Idan uwa ko kaka ta kamu da bugun zuciya, bugun jini, ko toshewar jijiyoyin jini kafin ta kai shekara 65. Idan uba ko kaka suna da irin wannan yanayin kafin ta kai shekara 55. Idan iyaye ko kakanni suna da matakin cholesterol sama da 240 mg/dL. |
| Wasu yanayin lafiya | Samun wasu cututtuka da suka shafi cututtukan zuciya, kamar hawan jini, ciwon suga, da kiba. |
Matakan cholesterol ɗinka na iya taimaka maka da likitanka wajen yanke shawara kan haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya, da kuma hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don rage shi. Misali, idan matakin LDL na babba ya kai 190 mg/dL ko sama da haka, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai girma sosai. Likitanka zai yi maka magana game da fara shan magani don rage shi. Hakazalika, idan matakin HDL (mai kyau) naka ya kai 60 mg/dL ko sama da haka, haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya zai ragu.
Menene dalilan da ke haifar da yawan sinadarin cholesterol?
Abubuwa daban-daban na iya haifar da ƙaruwa ko raguwar matakan cholesterol.
Abinci mai gina jiki
- Kitse mai cike da carbohydrates mai sauƙi: Rage cin abinci mai yawa a cikin waɗannan na iya taimakawa wajen rage yawan cholesterol a cikin jini.
- Kitsen Trans: A guji kitsen trans na wucin gadi. Waɗannan suna ƙara yawan cholesterol. Duba lakabin kayan gasa, abubuwan ciye-ciye, pizza daskararre, margarine, da sauransu. Idan lakabin ya ce "An ɗan yi hydrogen," yana nufin yana ɗauke da kitsen trans.
- Kitse Mai Kyau (Masu Kitse Mara Cikakken Kitse): Waɗannan ba sa ƙara yawan sinadarin cholesterol. Waɗannan kitse masu kyau ana samun su a cikin abubuwa kamar goro, kifi, man kayan lambu, man zaitun, da avocado.
- Sukari: Cin abinci da shan sukari da yawa zai iya ƙara yawan triglyceride.
- Fiber: Abincin da ke ɗauke da sinadarin fiber yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan sinadarin cholesterol. Ana iya samun fiber a cikin wake, kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, goro, da kuma hatsi gaba ɗaya.
Salon rayuwa da sauran abubuwa
- Yawan kiba: Kiba na iya haifar da cututtukan zuciya. Haka kuma yana ƙara yawan cholesterol. Rage nauyi zai iya taimakawa wajen rage yawan LDL, jimlar cholesterol, da triglyceride.
- Motsa Jiki: Motsa jiki akai-akai na iya rage mummunan cholesterol na LDL da kuma ƙara mai kyau na HDL cholesterol. Yi ƙoƙarin yin motsa jiki na akalla awanni 2 da rabi, kamar tafiya mai sauri, a kowane mako.
- Shan taba: Shan taba na iya ƙara yawan kitse a jini (triglyceride) da kuma rage yawan cholesterol mai kyau na HDL.
- Shekaru da gado: Matakan cholesterol suna ƙaruwa yayin da muke tsufa. Wani lokaci yawan cholesterol na iya zama na gado.
- Sauran yanayi da magunguna na lafiya: Cholesterol na iya ƙaruwa saboda yanayi kamar hypothyroidism, cutar hanta, cutar koda, da wasu magunguna kamar steroids.
Magunguna da ke rage cholesterol
Idan canje-canjen salon rayuwa kaɗai ba su isa su rage yawan sinadarin cholesterol ɗinka ba, likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar magunguna. Mafi kyawun zaɓi zai dogara ne akan haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya gaba ɗaya.
| Nau'in Magani | Misalan aiki da kuma yanayin aiki |
|---|---|
| Statins | Waɗannan su ne nau'in magunguna da aka fi amfani da su. Suna hana samar da cholesterol a cikin hanta. Misali: Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin. |
| Niacin | Wannan bitamin B ne. Yana rage LDL kuma yana ƙara HDL. |
| Masu rage sinadarin bile acid | Yana ɗaurewa da bile a cikin tsarin narkewar abinci kuma yana hana sake shan cholesterol. |
| Fibrates | Musamman yana taimakawa rage matakan triglyceride. |
| Masu hana shan cholesterol | Yana hana shan sinadarin cholesterol daga hanji. Misali: Ezetimibe. |
Muhimmi: Idan ka fuskanci ciwon tsoka da ba a bayyana ba yayin shan maganin rage kitse a cikin jini (cholesterol), kira likitanka nan da nan, domin hakan na iya zama alamar wata mummunar cuta.
Bugu da ƙari, wasu mutane na iya fuskantar illa kamar canje-canje a aikin hanta, ciwon ciki, da maƙarƙashiya. Haka kuma, a guji shan ruwan 'ya'yan inabi yayin shan wannan maganin. Yana iya shafar yadda maganin ke aiki.
Matsalolin da ke faruwa sakamakon yawan cholesterol
Idan cholesterol ya ƙaru, yana zuba a bangon jijiyoyin jini, yana rage yawan jini da kuma kauri a hankali. Muna kiran wannan yanayin atherosclerosis . Idan jijiyoyin suka yi ƙanƙanta ta wannan hanyar, kwararar jini tana toshewa. Sassan jiki, gami da zuciyarmu, suna samun iskar oxygen da suke buƙata daga jini. Matsaloli suna tasowa idan aka toshe wannan kwararar jini.
- Hawan jini: Dole ne zuciya ta yi aiki tukuru don ta fitar da jini ta cikin jijiyoyin da suka yi karanci.
- Ciwon ƙirji (Angina): Yana faruwa ne lokacin da tsokar zuciya ba ta sami isasshen jini da iskar oxygen ba.
- Ciwon zuciya da bugun jini: Wannan na iya faruwa ne lokacin da wani yanki na kitse ya karye ko kuma wani jini ya toshe, wanda hakan ke toshe hanyoyin jini da ke kaiwa ga zuciya ko kwakwalwa.
- Ciwon Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi (PAD): Toshewar jijiyoyin da ke samar da jini ga ƙafafu da ƙafafu.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Duk da cewa cholesterol yana da yawa, babu alamun cutar. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a yi gwajin jini akai-akai.
- Ka kula da matakan cholesterol naka na "mai kyau" (HDL) da "mara kyau" (LDL). Manufar ita ce rage mummunan LDL da kuma ƙara mai kyau HDL.
- Abinci mai kyau (ƙarancin mai da sukari, mai yawan fiber) da motsa jiki akai-akai sune manyan matakai na rage cholesterol.
- Idan likita ya rubuta magani, a sha shi kamar yadda aka rubuta kuma a kan lokaci.
- Kullum ku yi magana a fili da likitan ku game da matakan cholesterol ɗinku, abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari, da kuma tsarin magani.
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