Ke lohe ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo maʻi puʻupuʻu, makaʻu iki paha ʻoe, ʻeā? Manaʻo paha ʻoe i nā mea e like me, "Auē, e loaʻa pū ana anei iaʻu?" a i ʻole "ʻAʻole anei he maʻi weliweli kēia?" Akā ke ʻike pono ʻoe i ke ʻano o kēia maʻi, pehea e ulu ai, a me ka mea hiki iā mākou ke hana e pili ana i ia mea, e hoʻemi nui ʻia kēlā makaʻu. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, a i ʻole `(Tuberculosis – TB)`, ma ke ʻano maʻalahi, ma ke ʻano hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi loa.
He aha ka maʻi puʻupuʻu? I ka pōkole...
He maʻi ka maʻi puʻupuʻu i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi maʻi bacteria . I ka pololei, he meaola bacteria liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)` ke kuleana no kēia. Hoʻopilikia pinepine ia i ko mākou mau māmā . Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe o ke kino, e like me ko mākou iwi kuamoʻo, ka lolo, a me nā puʻupaʻa.
Loaʻa i nā kānaka a pau nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu? ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu huna a me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu hana
Eia kahi mea nui loa. ʻAʻole nā kānaka a pau i loaʻa i ka bacteria tuberculosis e loaʻa nā hōʻailona. ʻAʻole anei he mea kupanaha kēlā?
- ʻO ka maʻi TB huna: Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa kēia bacteria i loko o ko lākou kino a noho olakino me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona. Kāhea mākou i kēia 'latent TB'. E noʻonoʻo e like me ka ʻenemi e hiamoe ana i loko o kou kino. Inā ikaika kāu ʻōnaehana pale , hiki iā ia ke kaohi i kēia bacteria a hoʻomau i ka hiamoe. Ma kēia ʻano, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke noho me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona no ke koena o ko lākou ola. Ua manaʻo ʻia he 13 miliona mau kānaka ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e noho nei me kēia ʻano 'Latent TB'.
- TB Hana: Akā... inā ua nāwaliwali kou ʻōnaehana pale ma kekahi ʻano - malia paha ma muli o kekahi maʻi ʻē aʻe, kahi lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe ai, a i ʻole no kou ʻelemakule ʻana - hiki i kēlā mau bacteria hiamoe ke ala aʻe a lilo i hana. ʻO ia ka manawa e lilo ai ka maʻi i 'TB hana'. ʻO ia ka manawa e ʻike ʻia ai nā hōʻailona.
He aha nā hōʻailona o ka TB hana?
I kēia manawa, e nānā kākou i nā hōʻailona o kekahi me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu ikaika. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau mea, he manaʻo maikaʻi anei ke ʻimi i ke aʻo lapaʻau?
- ʻO ka ʻū ʻana nui e mau ana no nā pule ʻelua a ʻoi: ʻO kēia kekahi o nā hōʻailona nui.
- ʻEha umauma: Hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i ka ʻeha ma kou umauma i kou hanu ʻana a i ʻole ke kūlou ʻana.
- ʻUha ʻana i ka phlegm a i ʻole ke koko: Inā ʻoe e ʻuha i ka phlegm (sputum/mucus) me kahi koko liʻiliʻi, he mea nō hoʻi ia e makaʻala ai.
- Manaʻo luhi loa a make ke ola (Luhi/Nāwaliwali): Hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo ua luhi loa ʻoe a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kekahi hana.
- Ka nalowale o ka makemake e ʻai: E nalowale paha kou makemake e ʻai.
- Pohō kaumaha: Inā pohō kaumaha ʻoe me ka manaʻo ʻole.
- Anuanu a me ke kuni: ʻAʻole wale kekahi kuni, akā, he kuni e lawe mai i nā anuanu.
- Hou i ka pō: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hou nui i ka wā e hiamoe ana a pulu kou mau kapa moe.
E hoʻomanaʻo: Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe ka TB latent, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e hōʻike i kekahi mau hōʻailona. Akā inā ʻoe e lawe i kahi hoʻāʻo TB, hiki ke maikaʻi.
He aha ke kumu o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?
E like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ʻo ke kumu o kēia he bacteria i kapa ʻia ʻo `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)`. Hoʻolaha ʻia kēia germ ma ka lewa . Ke ʻū, kihe, kamaʻilio, hīmeni, a ʻakaʻaka paha ke kanaka me ka maʻi tuberculosis, hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia mau germs i ka lewa, a i ka wā e hanu ai mākou i kēlā ea, hiki iā lākou ke komo i loko o ko mākou mau māmā. I kekahi manawa, hiki i nā bacteria e komo i ke kino ma kēia ʻano ke hele i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.
Aia kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?
ʻAe, ʻo ke ʻano nui a maʻamau o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, ʻo ia ka maʻi puʻupuʻu e hoʻopilikia ana i nā māmā. Kāhea mākou iā ia ʻo Pulmonary Tuberculosis .
Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēia bacteria ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Kāhea mākou i kēia he maʻi puʻupuʻu extrapulmonary .
Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Miliary Tuberculosis . Hohola ia i loko o ke kino a hiki ke hana i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi e like me:
- Ka mumū ʻana o ka uhi o ka lolo - Kāhea mākou i kēia '(Meningitis)'.
- ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpū - Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo '(ka maʻi Pott)' a i ʻole '(Spinal Tuberculosis)'.
- ʻO ka maʻi ʻo Addison, kahi maʻi e pili ana i nā kelepa adrenal.
- Hepatitis.
- Ka pehu ʻana o nā lymph node ma ka ʻāʻī - Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo `(Scrofula)`.
Pehea e laha ai ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?
He mea kēia e pono ai kākou e ʻike pono. Hoʻolaha ʻia ka maʻi puʻupuʻu i ka wā e ʻū ai, e kihe ana, e kamaʻilio ana, e hīmeni ana, a e ʻakaʻaka ana paha kekahi me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu māmā . ʻO ka mea nui loa, hoʻolaha wale ʻia e ka poʻe i loaʻa ka maʻi i loko o ko lākou mau māmā .
Ma keʻano laulā, no ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia maʻi, pono ʻoe e launa pū me kahi mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi no ka manawa lōʻihi . ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana mai kahi mea āu e hālāwai ai ma ke alanui.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e hanu ana i ka bacteria TB he hiki ke hakakā i ka bacteria a hoʻōki iā ia mai ka ulu ʻana. ʻO ia ka manawa e kū mai ai ka TB huna aʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma mua.
ʻO wai ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi tuberculosis?
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o kekahi poʻe i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu. E nānā kākou iā lākou:
- Hiki i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu ke laha maʻalahi i ka poʻe e noho ana a hana paha ma nā wahi i piha i ka poʻe, e like me nā hale paʻahao, nā hale mālama maʻi, nā hale o nā poʻe ʻelemākule, nā kikowaena mālama ola, a me nā hale mālama ola.
- No ka poʻe e hana ana i nā keʻena hoʻokolohua microbiology (Mycobacteriology laboratory).
- Ma nā wahi i maʻamau ai ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, e like me ʻAmelika Latina, ka Caribbean, ʻApelika, ʻAsia, ʻEulopa Hikina, a me RusiaNo ka poʻe i noho a i huakaʻi paha.
- No ka poʻe i pili kokoke i kekahi kanaka i ʻike ʻia a i manaʻo ʻia paha he maʻi puʻupuʻu.
ʻO wai ka mea i ʻoi aku ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka TB latent a i ʻole ka TB hana?
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu latent e lilo i TB hana:
- No ka poʻe e hoʻokomo ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau intravenous.
- No ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale i nāwaliwali. Eia kekahi laʻana, nā pēpē, nā kamaliʻi ʻōpio, ka poʻe me ka maʻi HIV, a me ka poʻe e lawe ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻopau ana i ka ʻōnaehana pale.
- No ka poʻe me nā maʻi mau e like me ka maʻi puʻupaʻa a me ka maʻi diabetes mellitus.
- No ka poʻe i loaʻa i kahi hoʻoili kino.
- No nā poʻe e lawe ʻia ana i ka chemotherapy no ka maʻi kanesa.
Pehea e ʻike ai nā kauka i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?
Inā manaʻo ʻoe he maʻi puʻupuʻu kou, ke ʻike ʻoe i ke kauka, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua aʻe:
- Hoʻāʻo ʻili a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo koko: ʻO kēia ke ala mua e nānā ai inā ua pili ʻoe i ka bacteria maʻi puʻupuʻu.
- Nā hoʻokolohua lab ma ka sputum a me ka wai o ka māmā: Lawe ʻia kahi laʻana o kāu sputum a nānā ʻia no ka bacteria.
- X-ray o ka umauma: No ka ʻike ʻana inā he mau loli i loko o nā māmā.
- Nā scan CT: I kekahi manawa kōkua kēia i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kiʻi ʻoi aku ka maopopo ma mua o kahi X-ray.
Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka maʻi puʻupuʻu? Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia?
ʻAe! He maʻi hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia ka maʻi puʻupuʻu! Akā, pono e mālama pono ʻia.
Hoʻōla nā kauka i ka TB ola a me ka TB huna me nā ʻano antibiotic kikoʻī. No ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa ʻana i ka maʻi, pono ʻoe e lawe i kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa like.
He mea nui loa: Pono ʻoe e lawe i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau no ka manawa lōʻihi - ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻeono a ʻeiwa mahina . He mea nui loa ia e hoʻopau i ka papa holoʻokoʻa o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kuhikuhi ʻana a kāu kauka, me ka ʻole o ka hala ʻana o hoʻokahi lā. A laila wale nō e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau loa i kēia bacteria mai kou kino.
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He aha ka mea e hana ai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe pono i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole e hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana i ka hapalua? Hiki ke hoʻi hou mai ka maʻi. ʻO ka mea ʻoi aku ka weliweli, hiki i ka bacteria ke loli e kūʻē i ka lāʻau lapaʻau (kūʻē i ka lāʻau). Inā hana ʻia kēlā, lilo ia i mea paʻakikī loa ke mālama.
Nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi puʻupuʻu
Eia kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau e kuhikuhi ʻia e kāu kauka:
- ʻIsoniazid
- `(Rifampin)`
- ʻEthambutol
- `(Pirazinamide)`
- ʻO ka Rifapentine
(ʻO kēia nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia. E loiloi ke kauka i kou kūlana a kuhikuhi i ka hui kūpono loa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka nui o ka lāʻau.)
ʻEhia ka lōʻihi e ho'ōla ai?
Ma hope o kekahi mau pule o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e ʻoluʻolu iki ʻoe, a e hoʻomaka ana kāu mau hōʻailona e emi iho. E emi ana kou ʻūhū, a e piʻi aʻe kou makemake. Akā, mai hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mea ua ʻoluʻolu ʻoe! ʻO ka manawa lapaʻau holoʻokoʻa e lawe ma waena o 6 a me 9 mau mahina. Pono ʻoe e lawe pono i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ia manawa.
Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?
- Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, e ʻike koke i ke kauka.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu (ke kuni, ke kuni, ka pohō kaumaha), e hōʻoia e hoʻāʻo ʻia, no ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolaha i kekahi.
- Inā ʻoe e lawe ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi puʻupuʻu a manaʻo ʻoe e loaʻa ana iā ʻoe kekahi hopena ʻaoʻao mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau (e like me ke melemele o nā maka, ʻeha kino, nausea), e haʻi aku i kāu kauka e pili ana i kēlā.
He aha kā mākou e hana ai e pale aku i ka ulu ʻana a me ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?
He mea nui loa kēia. Hiki iā kākou a pau ke kōkua i kēia.
- E holoi mau i kou mau lima me ke kopa.
- E uhi i kou waha a me kou ihu me kou kuʻekuʻe lima a i ʻole kahi pepa ʻili i ka wā e ʻū ana a i ʻole e kihe ana. He mea nui hoʻi e pale i ka ʻū ʻana a i ʻole ke kihe ʻana i mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka wā ma waho.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, e hōʻemi i ka launa pū ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka hiki.
- Inā ʻoe e mālama ʻia nei no ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, e lawe pono i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a pau i kuhikuhi ʻia a no ka manawa i kuhikuhi ʻia.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi puʻupuʻu ikaika, mai hoʻi i ka hana a i ke kula a hiki i ka ʻae ʻana o kāu kauka.
Ma nā haukapila, ʻo nā mea nui e hoʻōki ai i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, ʻo ia ka ea kūpono a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā Mea Hana Palekana Pilikino (PPE) (e like me nā pale maka) e nā limahana lapaʻau.
Aia kekahi lāʻau pale no ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?
ʻAe, aia kekahi lāʻau pale i kapa ʻia ʻo `(BCG - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin)`. Hoʻohana kekahi mau ʻāina (ʻaʻole hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā ʻāina e like me ʻAmelika, akā hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻāina e like me Sri Lanka) ia mea. ʻOi loa aku ma nā ʻāina kahi i maʻamau ai ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, hāʻawi ʻia kēia lāʻau pale i nā keiki ʻōpio e pale iā lākou mai nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi.
Pehea ka maʻamau o ka maʻi puʻupuʻu?
Wahi a ka World Health Organization, i ka makahiki 2020, ua loaʻa i kahi 10 miliona mau kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, a ua make ma kahi o 1.5 miliona. I kekahi manawa, ʻo ka puʻupuʻu ke kumu nui o ka make ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou, ua emi koke ka nui o kēia mau maʻi i nā makahiki 1940 a me 1950. He pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ka puʻupuʻu ma Sri Lanka.
Akā, e hoʻomanaʻo, he maʻi hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia ka maʻi puʻupuʻu inā ʻoe e hahai i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ke kauka a lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo (Leka Lawe-Home)
No laila, ke lana nei koʻu manaʻo e hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomanaʻo i kekahi o nā mea nui loa mai nā mea a mākou i kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā e pili ana i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu.
ʻAʻole ka maʻi puʻupuʻu he mea e makaʻu ai, akā, ʻaʻole hoʻi ia he mea e lawe māmā ʻia.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona e like me ka ʻūlū e mau ana no nā pule ʻelua a ʻoi , ke kuni, ka hou ʻana o ka pō, a me ka pohō kaumaha, e ʻike pono i ke kauka.
- Inā ua pili kokoke ʻoe me kahi kanaka me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, e haʻi i ke kauka.
- Aia ka lāʻau no ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, a inā hana pololei ʻia ka lāʻau a no ka manawa i kuhikuhi ʻia, hiki ke ho'ōla loa ʻia.
- ʻOiai inā ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu iki i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, mai hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana a hiki i ka wā e ʻōlelo aku ai kāu kauka.
- ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kou olakino ponoʻī a me ke olakino o ka poʻe a puni ʻoe a hana me ke kuleana.
Inā he mau nīnau hou aku kāu e pili ana i kēia, mai kānalua e nīnau i kāu kauka ʻohana a i ʻole ke kikowaena olakino aupuni kokoke loa. E noho olakino!
ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, TB, kuni, māmā, maʻi, lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hōʻailona
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