ʻO ke kilokilo e kōkua ai i ka maka e ʻike! E aʻo kākou e pili ana i ka retina ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi.

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe pehea mākou e ʻike maopopo ai i nā mea nani o kēia ao, nā kala, ko mākou mau hoaaloha, a me ko mākou ʻohana? Aia maoli kahi hana kupaianaha a paʻakikī loa e hana ʻia ana i loko o ko mākou mau maka. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻāpana nui o kēlā hana ʻo ia ka retina , a i ʻole e like me kā mākou e ʻōlelo nei ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania , ʻo ka retina . No laila, i kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia ʻāpana koʻikoʻi loa e kōkua iā mākou e ʻike (Retina) ma ke ʻano maʻalahi hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.

He aha maoli ka retina?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kou retina kahi papa o nā cell ma ke kua o kou maka. Ua like ia me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i loko o kahi kāmela. Ke paʻi ka mālamalama mai waho i ka retina, hoʻololi ia i kēlā mālamalama i mau hōʻailona nerve, ʻo ia hoʻi nā leka uila liʻiliʻi. A laila hele kēia mau hōʻailona ma kou nerve optic i kou lolo. Hoʻopili ka lolo i kēia mau hōʻailona a haʻi mai iā mākou i nā mea e like me, "ʻAuē, aia kahi pua," a "Eia ʻo Māmā," ʻo ia ka mea e hāʻawi iā mākou i ka ʻike .

E noʻonoʻo wale, inā ʻaʻole hana pono kēia ʻāpana o ka maka i kapa ʻia ʻo ka retina, hiki ke loli loa ke ʻano o kā mākou ʻike ʻana i ke ao nei. I kekahi manawa hiki ke lilo ka ʻike i mea pōuliuli, hiki ke nalowale nā ​​​​ʻāpana o ka maka, a nalowale loa paha. I ka hapa nui o nā hihia, he mau loa ka hōʻino ʻana i ka retina, a inā ʻaʻole i mālama koke ʻia, he paʻakikī ke loaʻa hou ka ʻike. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui e ʻike koke i ke kauka inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi loli koke i kou mau maka a i ʻole ka ʻike.

Aia ma hea ka retina? He aha kona mau ʻāpana?

Aia kou retina ma ke kua loa o kou maka. Aia ia ma hope o ka ʻāpana kala o kou maka (ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he iris) a me ka lens. Ke hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia, hui nā kukuna mālamalama a hāʻule pololei ma luna o ka retina.

ʻElua mau ʻāpana nui o ka retina. ʻO lākou kēia:

1. Makula

2. ʻO ka Retina Peripheral

E nānā kākou i kēlā me kēia.

ʻO ka ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka macula

ʻO kēia ka wahi liʻiliʻi koʻikoʻi loa ma waenakonu o ka retina. ʻO ka macula ka mea e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻokaʻawale maopopo i nā kikoʻī maikaʻi a me nā kala i nā mea a mākou e ʻike ai. E noʻonoʻo, ke heluhelu nei ʻoe i kahi puke, ke nānā nei i ka maka o kahi hoaaloha, ke hoʻokele nei i kahi kaʻa ... ʻO kēia nā cell kūikawā i loko o ka macula i kapa ʻia he mau cell cone . ʻO kēia mau cell ka mea e hāʻawi i nā kala a me ka ʻike ʻoi.

ʻO ka macula kekahi ʻāpana o ka retina he mea nui ia no ko mākou ʻike ʻoi, moakāka, a ʻōniʻoniʻo hoʻi.

ʻO ka ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka retina peripheral

ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana nui o ka retina e hoʻopuni ana i ka macula. ʻOiai ke nānā pololei ʻoe i mua, ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā mea a puni ʻoe.ʻO kēia ma muli o ka retina peripheral. Eia kekahi, i ka mālamalama haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka pō, loaʻa kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā cell i ʻike ʻia i ka mālamalama i kapa ʻia ʻo rod cells ma kēia ʻāpana. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa kēia mau mea i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kala, kōkua lākou iā mākou e ʻike i ka ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo a me ka mālamalama haʻahaʻa.

He aha nā maʻi maʻamau e hoʻopilikia ai i ka retina?

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, hiki i nā maʻi maka ʻē aʻe ke hoʻopilikia i ka retina. ʻO kekahi mau kūlana maʻamau:

• ʻO ka Degeneration Macular pili i ka Makahiki (AMD): ʻO kēia ka manawa e hōʻino ʻia ai ka ʻāpana o ka maka i kapa ʻia ʻo ka macula a mākou i kamaʻilio ai i ko mākou ʻelemakule ʻana. Hoʻolilo kēia i nā mea e like me ka ʻike maka maikaʻi a me ka heluhelu ʻana i mea paʻakikī.
• ʻO ka Retinopathy e pili ana i ka maʻi diabetes: I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hiki i ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes ke hōʻino i nā kīʻaha koko i loko o ko lākou mau maka, e hoʻopilikia ana i ka retina. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka nalowale o ka ʻike.
• ʻO ka Hypertensive Retinopathy: Hiki i ke koko kiʻekiʻe ke hōʻino i nā kīʻaha koko i loko o nā maka a hoʻoulu i nā pilikia me ka retina.
• Puka Macular: He puka liʻiliʻi ma waenakonu o ka macula.
• Macular Pucker: Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi ma luna o ka macula, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i ka ʻike.
• ʻO ka Migraine Maka: Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike i nā kukui o ke kukui i mua o ko lākou mau maka a i ʻole ka nalowale ʻana o ka ʻike no ka manawa pōkole i ka wā o ka migraine.
• Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka Vitreous Posterior (PVD): ʻO kēia ka manawa e hoʻokaʻawale ai ka mea like me ka jelly i loko o ka maka (vitreous) mai ka retina. Hana pinepine kēia i ko kākou ʻelemakule ʻana.
• Ke kahe koko ʻana o ka retina/Hemorrhage: Ke kahe ʻana o ke koko mai nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi i loko o ka retina.
• ʻO ka hemo ʻana o ka retina a me nā waimaka o ka retina: He pilikia kēia! Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka retina mai ka paia hope o ka maka. Pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau koke.
• ʻO ka Retinal Vein Occlusion a i ʻole ka Retinal Artery Occlusion / Eye Stroke: E like me ka hahau ʻana i ka lolo, ua ālai ʻia kahi kīʻaha koko e hoʻolako ana i ke koko i ka maka.
• ʻO ka mumū o ka retina / Uveitis: Ka mumū o nā ʻāpana o ka maka, me ka retina pū kekahi.
• Retinitis Pigmentosa: He maʻi hoʻoilina kēia e hoʻoulu mālie ai i ka nalowale o ka ʻike, ʻoiai ka ʻike pō a me ka ʻike peripheral.
• Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): He kūlana e hiki ke hana i nā pēpē i hānau mua ʻole ʻia.
• ʻO ka Retinopathy Lā:ʻO ka nānā pololei ʻana i ka lā (ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā o ka eclipse o ka lā) me ka ʻole o ka pale ʻana hiki ke hōʻino i ka retina.
• ʻO nā maʻi ʻaʻai maka (Retinoblastoma) a me nā maʻi ʻōpū ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana.
• ʻO ka makapō kala, no ka laʻana (Achromatopsia) - ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hiki ʻole ke ʻike i kekahi kala.

Mai makaʻu e ʻike i kēia papa inoa. ʻAʻole e hiki mai kēia mau mea a pau i nā kānaka a pau. Akā, he mea nui e ʻike i kēia mau mea.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka pilikia ma ka retina?

Inā he pilikia me kou retina, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kekahi mau hōʻailona. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau mea, e ʻike pono i ke kauka:

• ʻIke pōwehiwehi a ʻano ʻē paha: ʻAʻole maopopo nā mea, a i ʻole ke ʻano he kīkoʻo a ʻāʻī paha.
• Ka nalowale o ka ʻike peripheral / Tunnel vision: Me he mea lā e nānā ana ma o kahi ʻōmole, e emi ana kāu ʻike peripheral.
• ʻIke pālua (Diplopia).
• ʻĀlohilohi o nā maka/Photopsias.
• ʻIke ʻana i nā kiko ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​wili e lana ana i mua o kou mau maka (Eye floaters / Myodesopsias). E makaʻala loa inā e piʻi koke kēia mau mea a i ʻole e nui aʻe.
• ʻIke i ka mālamalama, hiki ʻole ke nānā aku i ka mālamalama (Light sensitivity / Photophobia).
• Nā kiko makapō/scotomas a i ʻole nā ​​​​hemahema o ke kahua ʻike.
• Inā e ʻino mālie, koke, a maopopo paha ka ʻike.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​mai hoʻowahāwahā iā lākou. ʻOi loa aku inā hoʻomaka koke lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi i loko o kekahi mau hola a i ʻole hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha lā, hiki ke lilo i pilikia.

He aha nā hoʻokolohua i hoʻohana ʻia e nānā i ka retina?

Ke ʻike ʻoe i kahi kauka maka, e nānā pono lākou i kou retina ke nānā lākou i kou mau maka. I kekahi manawa, e hoʻonui lākou i kou mau maka me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua kūikawā i hana ʻia e nānā i kou retina:

• Fundoscopy / Ophthalmoscopy: Nānā ke kauka i loko o kou maka me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kukui kūikawā a me ka lens (ophthalmoscope) e nānā i ka retina, ke aʻalolo optic, a me nā kīʻaha koko.
• Hoʻokolohua Kukui ʻoki: Ua like kēia me kahi microscope kūikawā. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ke alo a me ke kua o ka maka, me ka retina.
• Kiʻi ʻana o Fundus: Lawe i nā kiʻi o ka retina. He mea pono loa kēia no ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana ma hope.
• Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka Fundus Reflex / Red Reflex: He mea nui loa kēia i ka nānā ʻana i nā maka o nā keiki ʻōpio. Ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia ke kukui ma luna o ka maka, e nānā ʻia ka maka no ka reflex ʻulaʻula.
• Hoʻāʻo ʻIke Maka: ʻO kēia ka hoʻāʻo kaulana e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke heluhelu i nā leka mai kahi mamao aku. Ana ia i ka maopopo o kou ʻike ʻana.
• Nā Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke Kahua ʻIke: Ke nānā nei i ke ʻano o kāu ʻike peripheral.

Hiki i kēia mau hoʻokolohua ke kōkua i kāu kauka e hoʻoholo inā he pilikia me kou retina.

Pehea e mālama ai i ko mākou retina?

E like me ka waiwai o ko kākou mau maka, pēlā nō hoʻi ko kākou retina. No laila, pono kākou a pau e hoihoi i ka mālama ʻana iā ia.

• E nānā pinepine i kou mau maka: Inā ʻoe e kau ana i nā aniani a i ʻole, e ʻike i ke kauka maka ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, a i ʻole ma ka nui hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia ʻelua makahiki . Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi maʻi ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i kou mau maka, e like me ka maʻi diabetes, pono ʻoe e nānā i kou mau maka ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki . E haʻi aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe i ka pinepine o kou nānā ʻana i kou mau maka.
• E mālama i ke kaumaha olakino.
• E ʻai i ka meaʻai kaulike: He mea maikaʻi nā meaolaola e like me nā wikamina A, C, E, a me ka zinc no kou mau maka. E hoʻokomo i nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā huaʻai, a me nā iʻa (ʻoi aku ka iʻa ʻaila e like me ka sālemona a me ka tuna) i kāu meaʻai.
• E ʻaʻahu mau i ka pale maka i ka wā e pāʻani ai i nā haʻuki a i ʻole e hana ana i kahi hana e weliweli ai i nā maka (e like me ka hana lāʻau, ka wili ʻana).
• E pale iā ʻoe iho mai ka lā: E ʻaʻahu i nā aniani polarized e pale aku ai i nā kukuna UV ke hele ʻoe i waho. Mai nānā pololei i ka lā.
• E pale i kou retina mai nā kumu kukui ikaika: Mai nānā pololei i nā mea e like me ke kukui wili a i ʻole ka magnesium e ʻā ana (i loaʻa i nā lapalapa ma ke alanui a me nā mea hoʻomaka ahi hoʻomoana). Hiki i kēia ke hōʻino mau loa.
• Mai hoʻowahāwahā i nā loli i kāu hihiʻo: ʻOiai inā e loli mālie nā mea, mai manaʻo wale, "Ua maikaʻi."

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?

E ʻike koke i ke kauka ke ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau loli i kou ʻike, ʻoiai inā manaʻo ʻoe he mea liʻiliʻi ia. Malia paha ua hiki i ka manawa e hoʻololi ai i kou mau aniani. A i ʻole he mea koʻikoʻi paha. Mai kali a ʻoi aku ka ʻino o nā hōʻailona.

Inā nalowale koke kou ʻike, a inā paha e loaʻa koke iā ʻoe nā loli ʻike hou (e laʻa me nā kukui uila, ka ʻike ʻana i ka nui o nā mea lana) (ʻo ia hoʻi, i loko o kekahi mau minuke a i ʻole kekahi mau hola), e hele koke i ka lumi pilikia o ka haukapila.

Hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona ke alakaʻi koke i ka hōʻino hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia a me ka nalowale o ka ʻike, no laila mai hoʻowahāwahā iā lākou.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai

ʻAe, ua kamaʻilio nui kākou e pili ana i ka retina i kēia lā, ʻeā? Ua maopopo paha iā ʻoe kona koʻikoʻi i ko kākou ʻike. ʻO ka retina ka mea e unuhi i ka mālamalama a kākou e ʻike ai i loko o kahi ʻōlelo a ka lolo e maopopo ai. Inā ʻaʻohe o ia mea, ʻaʻole hiki iā kākou ke ʻike i kēia ao nani.

No laila, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i kou retina kekahi o nā ala nui loa e pale ai i kou ʻike. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mea "ʻano ʻē" a "loli" paha i kou ʻike, mai palaualelo e kamaʻilio me ke kauka e pili ana i ia mea. No ka mea, ʻo ka wikiwiki o kou ʻike ʻana i kahi maʻi a hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa e pale aku ai i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. Aia ka pale ʻana i kou mau maka i kou mau lima ponoʻī!

ʻO ka Retina, ke olakino maka, ka ʻike maka, nā maʻi maka, macula, nā hoʻāʻo maka