Nā Mea Pale o ke Kino: E aʻo kākou e pili ana i nā Antibodies ma ke ala maʻalahi!

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i nā kiaʻi liʻiliʻi i loko o ko kākou kino? Ua like ia me ko kākou pūʻali koa liʻiliʻi ponoʻī. Ke maʻi kākou a i ʻole ke komo ʻana o kekahi mea make i loko o ko kākou kino, ʻo ia ka poʻe e hele mai i mua a kaua e hoʻopakele iā kākou. ʻO kēlā mau koa liʻiliʻi ka mea a kākou e kapa nei he antibodies , a i ʻole "Antibodies" ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania. ʻO kekahi inoa no kēia ʻo "Immunoglobulin".

He aha nā antigens a me nā antibodies? Pehea lākou e hoʻomaka ai i ke kaua?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kahi 'Antigen' kekahi mea e hōʻino i ko kākou kino, e hele mai ana mai waho. E noʻonoʻo i kahi ʻaihue e komo ana i loko o kou hale. ʻO kēlā ʻaihue ʻo ia ka 'Antigen'. Hiki i kēia mau ʻaihue ke hele mai i nā ʻano like ʻole:

• Bacteria
• Nā maʻi ʻino
• Nā fungi
• Nā mea hoʻonāukiuki
• Mea ʻawahia mai nā holoholona
• Nā mea ʻawahia like ʻole ʻē aʻe

I kēia manawa, ke komo kēia mea hoʻouka kaua `(Antigen)` i loko o ke kino, ʻike koke kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale maʻi iā ia. Hoʻomaopopo kā mākou ʻōnaehana, "ʻAuē... eia mai kekahi kanaka a mākou i ʻike ʻole ai, a ʻaʻole kēia kanaka kekahi o mākou." ʻO ia ka manawa e kāhea mai ai kā mākou pūʻali koa, ka `` Antibody`` . He mau protein kūikawā nā antibodies i hana ʻia e kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale maʻi. Hele kēia mau mea a hopu i kēlā `(Antigen)`, luku iā ia, a kōkua iā ia e puka i waho o ke kino. Ua like ia me ka hopu ʻana i kēlā ʻaihue a hāʻawi aku i nā mākaʻi.

Ma hea i hana ʻia ai kēia mau antibodies? Ma hea lākou i loko o ke kino?

Hana ʻia nā antibodies e kahi ʻano kūikawā o ke koko keʻokeʻo i loko o ko kākou kino. Ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau pūnaewele B. Ke hele mai kahi "antigen" a paʻi i kahi pūnaewele B, māhele ʻia kēlā pūnaewele B a hana i nā pūnaewele he nui aku. Ua like ia me ke "photocopying". Kāhea mākou i kēia mau pūnaewele hou he " plasma cells". Mai kēlā mau pūnaewele plasma mai i hana ʻia ai nā miliona o nā antibodies a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ko kākou koko a me ka ʻōnaehana lymph.

ʻAʻole wale nā ​​​​​​antibodies i hana ʻia ma kēia ʻano ma kahi hoʻokahi i loko o ko mākou kino.

• I loko o ko mākou ʻili
• I loko o nā māmā
• Me ka waimaka
• I loko o ka lawai
• Ke hānai waiū ka makuahine i kāna pēpē, ʻoiai i nā lā mua, aia ka nui o kēia mau antibodies i loko o ka waiū mānoanoa, i kapa ʻia ʻo colostrum . ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻonui ai ka hānai waiū i ka hiki o ka pēpē ke pale aku i nā maʻi . ʻO ia hoʻi, loaʻa i ka pēpē ka pale mai ka makuahine.

He aha kēia mau antibodies monoclonal a mākou i lohe ai?

ʻO kekahi o nā mea a nā kauka e kamaʻilio nei i kēia mau lā, ʻo ia nā antibodies monoclonal . ʻAʻole kēia he mau antibodies kūlohelohe i loko o ko kākou kino. He ʻano antibody lākou i hana ʻia i loko o kahi lab. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e hana i ka mea like me kā kākou mau antibodies ponoʻī e hana ai. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e hoʻouka wale i kahi antigen kikoʻī. ʻO kēia ʻano lapaʻauUa kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo 'Immunotherapy'.

He aha nā maʻi e hiki ke mālama ʻia me nā antibodies monoclonal?

ʻO kēia ʻano antibody i hana ʻia i hana ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo `(Monoclonal Antibodies)` e hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole. No ka mea, ua hana ʻia kēlā me kēia `(Monoclonal Antibody)` e kuhikuhi i kahi `(Antigen)` kikoʻī. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:

• Nā ʻAno o ke Kanesa
• Nā maʻi hui e like me ka rheumatoid arthritis
• Kekahi mau maʻi puʻuwai
• ʻO ka sclerosis lehulehu (MS)
• ʻO ka colitis ulcerative (nā ʻōpū ʻōpū)
• Lupus
• ka maʻi o Crohn
• ʻO Psoriasis, kahi maʻi ʻili
• Hoʻōki i ka hōʻole ʻana i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā kino

Aia kekahi mau ʻano antibodies? He aha lākou?

ʻAe, ʻaʻole like nā antibodies a pau. Ua māhele ʻia lākou i 5 mau ʻano nui ma muli o ko lākou wahi a me ka hana. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano ma hope o kahi leka Pelekania. Ua pōkole ʻia ka huaʻōlelo ʻo `Immunoglobulin` a ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻo `Ig` i mua o kēia leka.

1. IgG: ʻO kēia ke ʻano antibody nui loa i loko o ko kākou koko a me nā wai kino ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia mau mea e pale nui iā kākou mai nā maʻi e like me ka bacteria a me nā virus. ʻO ka mea nui loa, hiki i kēia mau antibodies 'IgG' ke hele ma waena o ka placenta o ka makuahine a hāʻawi i ka palekana i ka pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū.

2. IgA: Loaʻa kēia mau mea ma ka ʻili o ko kākou ʻōnaehana hanu (ihu, puʻu, māmā) a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe (ʻōpū). Loaʻa pū lākou i loko o ka lawai, nā waimaka, a me ka waiū umauma. Kōkua lākou i ka pale ʻana i nā germs mai ke komo ʻana i ke kino ma mua o ko lākou komo ʻana i ke kino.

3. IgM: Ke komo kahi maʻi i loko o ke kino, ʻo kēia mau antibodies 'IgM' ka mea mua e hakakā . Loaʻa lākou i loko o ke koko a me ka wai lymph.

4. IgE: ʻO kēia ʻano antibody ka mea nui e pili ana i nā maʻi allergies . Hoʻonui ʻia nā pae IgE ke pane ke kino i nā mea e like me ka pollen a me ka lepo. Kaua pū lākou i nā parasites.

5. IgD: Nui nā mea e aʻo ʻia nei e pili ana i kēia mau antibodies, akā ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia i kēia manawa e kōkua lākou i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā cell B. Loaʻa lākou i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ke koko.

He aha ka mea i hana ʻia ai kēia mau antibodies? Pehea ko lākou ʻano?

He ʻano protein nā antibodies. Hana ʻia kēlā me kēia antibody i ʻehā polypeptides . ʻO nā polypeptides he mau kaulahao o ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā waikawa amino. ʻElua o kēia mau kaulahao i kapa ʻia he "mau kaulahao kaumaha" a ʻo nā mea ʻelua ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia he "mau kaulahao māmā."

Ua hui pū kēia mau kaulahao ʻehā e hana i ke ʻano o ka leka Pelekania 'Y'.Pēlā i hana ʻia ai kahi antibody. E noʻonoʻo ʻoe he ʻokoʻa nā wēlau ʻelua o nā lālā o luna o ka leka 'Y', a ʻokoʻa ke kaʻina waikawa amino ma kēlā mau wahi no kēlā me kēia ʻano antibody. ʻO ia ʻokoʻa ke kumu e hiki ai i kēlā me kēia antibody ke ʻike wale i kahi `(Antigen)` kikoʻī a hoʻouka iā ia. E like me kēlā me kēia kī e kūpono i kēlā me kēia puka kī.

E kamaʻilio iki kākou e pili ana i nā lāʻau pale COVID, ʻeā?

ʻAe, ʻo nā antibodies COVID kekahi mea a nā mea a pau e kamaʻilio nei i kēia mau lā. Hiki ke loaʻa nā antibodies e kūʻē i ka maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i ka COVID-19 i loko o ke koko o ka poʻe i ho'ōla ʻia mai ka maʻi, a i ʻole i loko o ke koko o ka poʻe i loaʻa ka lāʻau pale COVID-19. Inā paha ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka COVID ma mua, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau pale e hoʻonui i ka pane antibody o kou kino a hoʻonui i kou hiki ke pale iā ʻoe iho mai ka maʻi.

Pehea e ʻike ai inā he mau antibodies Covid koʻu?

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike inā he mau antibodies COVID kou ma ka lawe ʻana i kahi hoʻāʻo antibody . Loaʻa kēia mau hoʻāʻo ma nā labs, kekahi mau hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau, a hiki i kāu kauka ke haʻi iā ʻoe e pili ana iā lākou.

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā antibodies Covid i loko o ke kino?

Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi, akā ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi he mau antibodies ko ka poʻe i hoʻōla ʻia mai COVID-19 e mau ana no ka liʻiliʻi o ʻelima a ʻeono mahina . Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi noiʻi he mau "memory B cells" ko ka poʻe i hoʻōla ʻia mai COVID e mau ana no nā makahiki, a hiki i kēia mau cell hoʻomanaʻo ke kuhikuhi koke i ka maʻi inā hoʻi mai.

He aha ke ʻano o kēia mau antibodies thyroglobulin?

Loaʻa pinepine nā antibodies thyroglobulin i nā poʻe me nā pilikia thyroid, e like me ka poʻe me ka hyperthyroidism (nui loa ka hormone thyroid) a i ʻole hypothyroidism (liʻiliʻi loa ka hormone thyroid). Hoʻouka kēia mau antibodies i kahi protein i kapa ʻia ʻo thyroglobulin (ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hormone thyroid). Hiki i kēia ke hōʻino i ka ʻōpū thyroid.

He aha ka hoʻāʻo antibody antithyroglobulin?

Inā kānalua kāu kauka he pilikia me kou kelepa thyroid, hiki iā ia ke kauoha i kēia hoʻāʻo antibody anti-thyroglobulin . Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo e nānā i ka holomua o ke kanesa thyroid ma hope o ka mālama ʻana.

He aha ka mea e hana ai inā hoʻāʻo maikaʻi wau?

Inā ʻike kēia hoʻokolohua he mau antibodies thyroglobulin kou i loko o kou koko, ʻo ia hoʻi he maʻi thyroid paha kou. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau kūlana:

• Hyperthyroidism
• ʻO ka hypothyroidism
• ʻO ka maʻi o Hashimoto
• Maʻi Graves
• ʻO ka thyroiditis subacute
• Lupus
• ʻAno 1 diabetes

No laila he aha kēia mau autoantibodies?

Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he mau antibody antinuclear (ANA). ʻO nā autoantibodies kahi ʻano antibody e hoʻouka i nā protein maʻamau i loko o nā nuclei o nā cell olakino i loko o ko kākou kino ponoʻī. E noʻonoʻo e like me kā kākou mau pale ponoʻī e hoʻouka ana i kā kākou iho. Kuhi hewa kēia mau autoantibodies i nā protein olakino i loko o ke kino no ka mea he mea weliweli a pono ʻole. ʻO ka hopena, hoʻomaka ko kākou kino e hoʻouka iā lākou iho. Loaʻa i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe he liʻiliʻi loa o kēia mau autoantibodies. Eia nō naʻe, inā loaʻa lākou i nā nui he nui, hōʻike pinepine ia i kahi maʻi autoimmune .

Pehea e hoʻāʻo ʻia ai nā antibodies antinuclear (ANA)?

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo koko nui i hoʻohana ʻia e nānā i kēia mau `ANA` ʻo ia ka ` hoʻāʻo antinuclear fluorescent` . Ma kēia hoʻāʻo, nānā nā kauka i nā antibodies i hōʻailona ʻia me ka fluorescence ma lalo o kahi microscope a hoʻoholo i ka ikaika a me ke ʻano o ka fluorescence. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo e hōʻoia i ke alo o nā maʻi e like me lupus.

He aha ka manaʻo o kahi hoʻāʻo ANA maikaʻi?

ʻAʻole manaʻo ka hopena "maikaʻi" mai kahi hoʻāʻo ANA he maʻi autoimmune kou, akā makemake paha kāu kauka e noiʻi hou aku. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hopena "maikaʻi", e paipai paha kāu kauka i ka hoʻāʻo hou aku.

ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo nā antibodies ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale iā mākou mai nā maʻi, nā allergens, a me nā mea ʻawahia. Hana maoli ko mākou kino i kēia mau protein. I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana ʻia nā antibodies monoclonal i hana ʻia i loko o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua e mālama i kekahi mau pilikia olakino, e like me ke kanesa, ka maʻi puʻuwai, a me ka rheumatoid arthritis.

Nā mea nui e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻAe, e hōʻuluʻulu kākou i kekahi o nā mea a mākou i kamaʻilio ai e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo:

• ʻO nā antibodies nā pale o ko mākou kino. Kōkua lākou i ka pale ʻana iā mākou ma ke kaua ʻana i nā germs a me nā toxins haole (antigens).
• Hana ʻia kēia e nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo nā hunaola B.
• Aia kekahi mau ʻano antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD), a he hana kikoʻī ko kēlā me kēia.
• He ʻano kūikawā nā antibodies monoclonal o ka antibody i hana ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e mālama i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole, me ke kanesa.
• Loaʻa iā mākou nā antibodies COVID mai ka maʻi a me ka lāʻau pale.
• I kekahi manawa hiki i kā mākou mau antibodies ke hana kūʻē i ko mākou kino ponoʻī. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he autoantibodies . Hiki i kēia ke hana i nā maʻi autoimmune.

No laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke koʻikoʻi o kēia mau koa liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia he antibodies i ko mākou kino. ʻO lākou ka mea e pale ai iā mākou mai nā maʻi he nui. Inā he mau nīnau hou aku kāu e pili ana i kēia, mai kānalua e nīnau i kāu kauka.

Nā lāʻau pale, Nā lāʻau pale, Immunoglobulin, Antigen, ʻŌnaehana pale, Nā pūnaewele B, Nā lāʻau pale Monoclonal, Nā lāʻau pale COVID, Nā lāʻau pale Thyroglobulin, Nā lāʻau pale Autoantibodies, Hoʻāʻo ANA