Nā mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ka mea ʻeleʻele o ka lolo (Substantia Nigra)!

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe pehea e kāohi ʻia ai nā neʻe ʻana o kou kino, ke ʻano o kou hele ʻana, ke ʻano o kou neʻe ʻana i kou mau lima a me kou mau wāwae? Pili kēia mau mea a pau i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi akā koʻikoʻi loa o ko kākou lolo. Ua kapa wale ʻia kēlā ʻāpana ʻo Substantia Nigra . I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia ʻāpana kupaianaha.

No laila, he aha ka mea e hana ʻia i ka Substantia Nigra?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kēia ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo substantia nigra he ʻāpana ia o ka ʻōnaehana 'Basal Ganglia' i loko o kou lolo. I ka pololei, ʻo ia ka mea e kōkua ai i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i kāu neʻe ʻana a me ke kani o nā ʻiʻo. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana o ka substantia nigra i kahi kemika koʻikoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo dopamine . Ua like kēia dopamine me kahi ʻelele i loko o ko kākou lolo. ʻElua mau ʻāpana nui o kēia substantia nigra. He ʻokoʻa iki ka hana a kēlā me kēia.

1. SN pars reticulata

ʻO kēia ʻāpana ke kuleana nui i ka kaohi ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o kou mau maka, a me kou hiki ke aʻo i nā mea hou a noʻonoʻo. Aia i loko o nā hunaola lolo ma kēia wahi kahi kemika i kapa ʻia ʻo gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) . Hana ʻo GABA ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hana pono ʻole o nā hunaola lolo. ʻO ia hoʻi, kōkua ia i ka pale ʻana i ka lolo mai ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona pono ʻole i nā ʻiʻo. Ua like kēia me kahi mākaʻi kaʻa e hoʻōki ana i nā kaʻa pono ʻole.

2. SN pars compacta

ʻO nā neurons, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kelepona nerve, ma kēia ʻāpana kahi i nui loa ai ka kemika dopamine i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua. No laila, pili kēia ʻāpana i nā mea he nui, e like me kou mau manaʻo, kou hiki ke aʻo, pehea ʻoe e hoʻoholo ai i nā pilikia a me nā uku, a me kāu mau kumu. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka dopamine ke kumu nui o nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi Parkinson .

No laila, aia ma hea ka Substantia Nigra?

ʻO kēia ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo substantia nigra (SN) aia ma waenakonu o kou lolo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka midbrain . E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, aia ia ma waenakonu o kou lolo. I ka pololei, aia ia ma luna iki o ke kumu lolo , kokoke i kahi e hui ai ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī a hoʻomaka ke kaula iwi kuamoʻo . ʻOiai mākou e kapa nei iā ia ʻo 'substantia nigra', aia ʻelua mau ʻāpana o kou lolo. Aia lākou ma kēlā ʻaoʻao kēia ʻaoʻao o ka midbrain. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana nā ʻāpana i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua i kapa ʻia ʻo pars reticulata (SN pars reticulata) a me ka pars compacta (SN pars compacta). Ke hui pū ʻia kēia mau mea ʻelua, ua kapa ʻia lākou ʻo 'substantia nigra' (substantiae nigrae).

Pehea ke ʻano o kēia? He aha ke kala? He nui?

ʻIke ʻoe, ʻo ka inoa ʻo Substantia Nigra mai ka ʻōlelo Latina mai. ʻO ia hoʻi , 'mea ʻeleʻele' . ʻO ke kumu o kēia, ʻoiai ʻo ke koena o kou lolo he hina poni māmā, ʻoi aku ka ʻeleʻele o kēia ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo Substantia Nigra. I ka pololei, ua like ia me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā ʻiʻo kala māmā. ʻO ke kumu o kēia, aia i loko o nā pūnaewele lolo ma kēia wahi kahi kemika i kapa ʻia ʻo Melanin . Ua ʻike anei ʻoe, loaʻa pū ʻo Melanin i loko o ko mākou mau pūnaewele ʻili. Ke hōʻike ʻia i ka lā, lilo ko mākou ʻili i ʻeleʻele (tan) ma muli o kēia Melanin. Inā ʻoe e nīnau i kona nui, he ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa ia. E noʻonoʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo i kahi 25 o kēia mau substantia nigras i loko o kahi pōpō kolepa maʻamau! He liʻiliʻi kēlā. ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai he ʻāpana ia o ka ganglia basal, ʻaʻole he ganglion ka substantia nigra (SN). He nucleus ia, he ʻano ia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana nerve e loaʻa ana kahi hui o nā pūnaewele e hana like ana, a i ʻole he ʻano pilina like.

He aha ka mea i hana ʻia ai ka Substantia Nigra?

ʻO kāu mau ganglia basal, me ka substantia nigra, ua hana ʻia me ʻelua ʻano nui o nā cell. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana iā lākou me nā kikoʻī.

• Nā Neuron : ʻO kēia nā pūnaewele i loko o kou lolo a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve . ʻO lākou nā mea e hoʻouna a hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoili i nā hōʻailona ma ke ʻano kemika a i ʻole ka uila.
• Nā pūnaewele Glial: Ua like kēia me nā pūnaewele kōkua o ka ʻōnaehana nerve. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻouna pololei i nā hōʻailona nerve, kōkua lākou i nā neurons e hana i kēlā hana.

He ʻōlelo iki e pili ana i nā neurons

ʻO nā neurons kahi ʻano cell e hoʻouna a loaʻa i nā leka ma o kāu ʻōnaehana nerve me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻailona uila a me nā kemika. Loaʻa i kahi neuron kēia mau ʻāpana:

• Kino kelepona: ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana nui o ke kelepona.
• ʻAxon: He ʻāpana lōʻihi kēia e like me ka lima e puka mai ana mai ke kino o ke kelepona. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka axon he mau ʻāpana lōʻihi e like me ka manamana lima. ʻO kēia kahi e hoʻololi ʻia ai ka hōʻailona uila mai ka neuron i hōʻailona kemika. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana e like me ka manamana lima he synapses . ʻO kēia kahi e pili ai ka neuron i nā pūnaewele nerve kokoke ʻē aʻe.
• Nā Dendrites: ʻO kēia nā ʻano liʻiliʻi e like me ka lālā ma ke kino o ke kelepona (ua puka mai ka inoa mai ka huaʻōlelo Latina ʻo ia hoʻi 'like me ka lāʻau'). Loaʻa iā Dendrites nā hōʻailona kemika mai nā synapses ma nā neurons ʻē aʻe.
• ʻO ka Mielin (Myelin : He papa lahilahi a momona kēia e hoʻopuni ana i ka axon o kahi neuron. Hana ia ma ke ʻano he uhi pale.

He paʻakikī loa nā pilina neuronal. Hiki i nā dendrites i loko o hoʻokahi neuron ke hoʻopili i nā tausani o nā synapses ʻē aʻe. He lōʻihi kekahi mau neurons, he pōkole kekahi. Aia kēia i ko lākou wahi i loko o ke kino a me ka hana a lākou e hana ai.

He aha nā pūnaewele glial?

Hana nā pūnaewele Glial i nā mea like ʻole. Kōkua lākou i nā neurons e ulu a hoʻomohala i kou wā ʻōpiopio, a kōkua lākou i ka hoʻokele ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā neurons i kou ola a pau. Mālama pū lākou i kāu ʻōnaehana nerve mai ka maʻi, hoʻoponopono i ke kaulike kemika o kāu ʻōnaehana nerve, a hana i ka ʻūpā myelin a puni kāu axons. Ua ʻike anei ʻoe? He ʻumi manawa ka nui o nā pūnaewele glial ma mua o nā neurons i loko o kāu ʻōnaehana nerve!

He aha nā maʻi maʻamau e hoʻopilikia ai i ka Substantia Nigra?

Aia kekahi mau maʻi a me nā kūlana e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka Substantia Nigra. ʻO kekahi o lākou:

• ka maʻi o Alzheimer
• Nā puʻupuʻu lolo
• Nā ʻeha poʻo, ʻoi aku hoʻi nā ʻeha o ka lolo e like me nā concussions
• Ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i nā mea ʻawahia a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻawahia e like me Trichloroethylene (TCE)
• Nā maʻi (ʻoi aku hoʻi nā maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i ka mumū o ka lolo, e like me ka encephalitis )
• Nā kūlana mumū a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kūlana autoimmune , e like me lupus
• Nā kūlana hoʻoilina e like me ka maʻi Huntington
• ʻO ka dementia kino Lewy
• ʻO ka atrophy ʻōnaehana lehulehu
• ʻO ka maʻi o Parkinson - ʻO kēia ka maʻi i kamaʻilio nui ʻia e pili ana i ka Substantia Nigra, no ka mea, ma kēia maʻi, ua luku ʻia nā cell e hana ana i ka dopamine.
• ʻO ka maʻi palupalu supranuclear holomua
• Hahau
• ka maʻi o Wilson

He aha nā hōʻailona maʻamau o nā maʻi e pili ana me ka Substantia Nigra?

ʻO nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ana i ka ʻōnaehana ganglia basal, a i ʻole substantia nigra, e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ke ʻano o ka maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hōʻailona maʻamau:

• Nā pilikia kaulike a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana
• Nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo a me nā spasms
• Ka haʻalulu a me nā haʻalulu
• Ka pilikia me ka nānā ʻana, ka noʻonoʻo ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoponopono pilikia
• Ka paʻakikī i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā neʻe ʻana o nā maka, e hoʻoulu ai i nā pilikia hihiʻo

He aha nā hoʻokolohua e hana ʻia e ʻike ai i ia mau kūlana?

Aia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e hiki ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kūlana e hoʻopilikia ai i kou lolo, a i ʻole substantia nigra. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia:

• Nā hoʻāʻo koko: Hiki i kēia ke ʻike i nā ʻano mea like ʻole, mai nā pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana pale a hiki i ka wā i komo ai nā mea ʻawahia a me nā mea make, ʻoiai nā metala e like me ke keleawe, mercury, a me ke kēpau, i loko o ke kino.
• ʻO ke kiʻi ʻikepili kamepiula (CT)
• Nā hiki i hoʻoulu ʻia (nā hoʻāʻo sensory)
• Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka genetics
• Ke nānā ʻana i ke kiʻi resonance magnetic (MRI)
• ʻO ke kiʻi ʻana o ka tomography hoʻokuʻu Positron (PET)
• ʻO ka tomography i helu ʻia no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka photon hoʻokahi (SPECT scan)

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi e pili ana i ka Substantia Nigra?

No ka mea, he nui nā kūlana e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka substantia nigra, ʻokoʻa loa nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa. ʻO ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau āu e loaʻa ai e hilinaʻi wale ʻia ma ke ʻano āu e loaʻa ai. I kekahi manawa hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia mau kūlana me ka lāʻau lapaʻau . Pono paha nā kūlana ʻē aʻe i ke ʻoki kino . ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻōla loa ʻia kekahi mau kūlana, ʻaʻole paha e pane mai kekahi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. I nā hihia kahi hiki ʻole ke hoʻōla loa ʻia kahi kūlana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kaohi ʻana i nā hōʻailona .

He aha kaʻu e hana ai e pale aku i kaʻu Substantia Nigra?

Hiki ke pale ʻia a hoʻopaneʻe ʻia paha nā ʻano he nui e hoʻopilikia ai i kou lolo, a i ʻole substantia nigra. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka maʻi ParkinsonHe paʻakikī ke pale aku i kekahi mau maʻi, e like me ke kanesa, no ka mea hiki koke mai lākou me ka manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, eia kekahi o nā mea nui loa hiki iā ʻoe ke hana:

• E ʻai i ka ʻai kaulike. Hoʻopilikia ka meaʻai āu e ʻai ai i ke olakino o kou ʻōnaehana kahe koko a me kou kaumaha. Pili pono kēia mau mea ʻelua i ke olakino o kou lolo.
• E hoʻoikaika kino i nā manawa a pau a mālama i ke kaumaha olakino. Hiki i kou kaumaha a me kou pae hana ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ana i ka lolo, ʻoiai ke koko kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka hahau ʻana.
• E komo i nā lako pale i ka wā e pono ai. ʻO nā ʻeha poʻo, ʻoiai nā haʻalulu a me nā ʻeha ʻeha ʻē aʻe o ka lolo, hiki ke hōʻino i ka lolo. Hiki i ka pōʻino ke mau loa i kekahi manawa. No laila, he mea nui e komo i nā lako pale e pale aku i nā ʻeha o ka lolo, ma ka hana a i ka wā leʻaleʻa.
• E mālama i kāu mau maʻi maʻi mau. Nui nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ana i ka lolo a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve e ʻoi aku ka ʻino i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. ʻO ka mālama pono ʻana i kēia mau maʻi maʻi mau hiki ke lohi i ko lākou holomua a hōʻemi i ka hopena o nā hōʻailona.

Leka Hoʻihoʻi Hope Loa

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, he ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa ka substantia nigra o ko kākou lolo, akā hana ia i kahi hana koʻikoʻi loa. ʻOiai ke aʻo nui nei nā loea e pili ana i ia mea, ua ʻike mua mākou i nā mea he nui. He ʻāpana nui ia o nā ʻōnaehana hōʻailona uila a me ke kemika o ko kākou lolo. Kōkua pū ia i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kā mākou neʻe ʻana, ka ʻike, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.

E hoʻomanaʻo, he mea nui loa ke olakino o kou lolo i kou olakino holoʻokoʻa. No laila, mai poina e mālama i kou lolo a hahai i kahi nohona olakino.

I ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻenehana a me ka holomua ʻana o ka noiʻi lapaʻau, e aʻo hou kākou e pili ana i nā hana o loko o ka Substantia Nigra a pehea e mālama ai i nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia iā ia. No laila, he mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka manaʻolana!

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ʻO Substantia Nigra, lolo, Dopamine, maʻi o Parkinson, neʻe ʻana, ʻōnaehana nerve