Ua ʻike anei ʻoe e pili ana i kēlā pulelehua liʻiliʻi ma kou ʻāʻī? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ke kelepa thyroid!

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe e pili ana i ke kino liʻiliʻi, ʻano pepeke ma lalo o ka ʻili ma ke alo o kou ʻāʻī? ʻO ia ka ʻōpū thyroid. He ʻāpana kupaianaha akā koʻikoʻi o ko mākou kino. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kēia kanaka liʻiliʻi ke kaohi i nā hana koʻikoʻi he nui i loko o ko mākou kino.

He aha ke kelepa thyroid? A he aha ka ʻōnaehana endocrine?

ʻAe, e hoʻomaopopo mua kākou i ke ʻano o kēia kelepa thyroid. Ua ʻōlelo mua wau, he kelepa liʻiliʻi ia e like me ke ʻano o ka pulelehua . I ka pololei, aia ia ma ke alo o kou ʻāʻī, ma lalo pono o kou ʻōpū hanu. He ʻāpana kēia o kā mākou ʻōnaehana endocrine . I kēia manawa ke nīnau nei ʻoe, "He aha ka ʻōnaehana endocrine, e ke kauka?" E noʻonoʻo, he nui nā hale hana liʻiliʻi i loko o ko mākou kino. Hana kēia mau hale hana i nā kemika kūikawā i kapa ʻia he hormones . ʻO ka pūnaewele o kēlā mau hale hana ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he ʻōnaehana endocrine. ʻO nā hormones i hana ʻia e kēia mau kelepa e hele pololei i loko o ke koko, hele i loko o ke kino, a lawe i nā leka i nā ʻano kino like ʻole, ka ʻili, a me nā ʻiʻo. Ua like lākou me nā ʻelele i loko o ko mākou kino. Ke haʻi nei lākou i ko mākou kino i ka mea e hana ai a me ka wā e hana ai. Eia kekahi mau kelepa ʻē aʻe he ʻāpana o kā mākou ʻōnaehana endocrine:

• Hypothalamus
• ʻO ke kelepa pituitary
• Nā kelepa parathyroid
• Nā kelepa adrenal
• ʻO ke kelepaʻi pineal
• ʻO ka pancreas
• ʻOvaries (i nā wahine)
• Nā ho'āʻo kāne

ʻO ka hana nui o ka ʻōpū thyroid ka hoʻomalu ʻana i kā mākou metabolism . ʻO "Metabolism" ke ʻano o ke kaʻina hana e hoʻololi ʻia ai ka meaʻai a mākou e ʻai ai i ikehu. Pono kēlā me kēia cell i loko o ko mākou kino i ka ikehu e hana ai. Hoʻomalu ka thyroid i ka wikiwiki o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā ikehu.

E noʻonoʻo wale, inā ʻaʻole hana pono kou thyroid , hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i kou kino holoʻokoʻa. No laila he mea nui loa ka makaʻala i kēia.

He aha ka mea e hana nei me koʻu thyroid?

Ma ke ʻano he kelepa endocrine, hana ka thyroid a hūnā i kekahi mau hormones. Eia kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka Thyroxine (T4):ʻO kēia ka hormone nui i hana ʻia e ka thyroid. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia pololei i ka metabolism. Ma hope o ke komo ʻana o T4 i ke koko, hoʻololi ʻia ia i T3 ma o ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo `deiodination`.
• Triiodothyronine (T3): Hoʻopuka ka thyroid i ka T3 liʻiliʻi ma mua o T4. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hormone T3 ka mea i loaʻa ka hopena nui loa i ka metabolism .
• ʻO ka triiodothyronine hoʻohuli (RT3): Hana ʻia kēia ma nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa. Hoʻohuli ʻo RT3 i ka hana a T3.
• Calcitonin: Kōkua kēia hormone i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o ka calcium i loko o ko mākou koko.

No ka hana ʻana i kēia mau hormones thyroid, pono ka thyroid gland i kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo iodine . Loaʻa iā mākou ka iodine mai ka meaʻai (ʻoi aku ka paʻakai iodized) a me ka wai. Lawe ka thyroid gland i kēia iodine a hoʻololi iā ia i mau hormones thyroid. E noʻonoʻo e pili ana, inā nui a liʻiliʻi paha ka iodine o kou kino, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i ka nui o nā hormones thyroid e hana ai. Hoʻopilikia nā hormones thyroid i nā mea e like me:

• Pehea e hoʻohana ai ko mākou kino i ka ikehu ( metabolism )
• Ka helu o ka puʻuwai
• Ka hanu ʻana
• ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana
• Mahana kino
• Ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo
• Hana noʻonoʻo
• Ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili a me ka iwi
• Ka hānau keiki ʻana

He aha nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe a me nā kelepa e pili ana me ka ʻōpū thyroid?

He pūnaewele paʻakikī loa kā mākou ʻōnaehana endocrine. Hana ka nui o nā glands a me nā hormones ma nā hōʻailona mai nā glands a me nā hormones ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, hiki i kekahi mau hormones ke kāohi i nā hormones ʻē aʻe. Aia kekahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī loa e kāohi i ka pae o nā hormones thyroid i loko o ko mākou kino. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka hypothalamus, ʻo ia kekahi ʻāpana o ko mākou lolo, e hoʻokuʻu i kahi hormone i kapa ʻia ʻo thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH). Hele kēia TRH e hoʻoulu i kahi ʻāpana o kā mākou pituitary gland , kahi e hoʻokuʻu ai i ka hormone hoʻoulu thyroid (TSH). A laila hoʻoulu kēia TSH i nā cell follicular i loko o ka thyroid gland e hana i nā hormones T4 a me T3. Eia naʻe, i mea e hana ai kēia, pono ka lawa o ka iodine i loko o ke kino. Hoʻopilikia ka thyroid gland a me kāna mau hormones i aneane kēlā me kēia ʻōnaehana i loko o ko mākou kino. E hāʻawi i kekahi mau laʻana:

• ʻŌnaehana Cardiovascular: Kōkua ka thyroid i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mea e like me ka nui o ke koko a ko mākou puʻuwai e pamu ai (cardiac output), ka helu o ka puʻuwai, a me ka ikaika o nā ʻūlū o ko mākou puʻuwai.
• ʻŌnaehana nerve:Ke hana pono ʻole ka thyroid, hiki ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana nerve. No ka laʻana, ka mae ʻana , ke kani ʻana , ka ʻeha, a me nā manaʻo wela ma kekahi mau wahi. Eia kekahi, inā e emi ana ka hana thyroid (hypothyroidism), hiki ke loaʻa ke kaumaha , a inā e hoʻonui ʻia (hyperthyroidism), hiki ke loaʻa ka hopohopo .
• ʻŌnaehana hoʻoheheʻe: Pili pū ka thyroid i ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o ka meaʻai a mākou e ʻai ai ma o ke ala hoʻoheheʻe (gastrointestinal motility).
• ʻŌnaehana hānau: Inā he pilikia me ka thyroid, hiki i nā pōʻaiapuni menstrual o nā wahine ke lilo i mea ʻē aʻe a hiki mai paha nā pilikia hānau keiki.

Hiki i ke kanaka ke ola me ka ʻole o ka kelepa thyroid?

ʻAe, hiki iā ʻoe. Eia nō naʻe, pono ʻoe e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻololi hormone no ke koena o kou ola e noho olakino a pale aku i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻO ke ʻoki ʻana e wehe i ke kelepa thyroid, i kapa ʻia he thyroidectomy , he ʻoki maʻamau ia no kekahi mau maʻi thyroid.

Aia ma hea ka ʻōpū thyroid? He aha kona mau ʻāpana? Pehea kona nui?

E like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, aia ka ʻōpū thyroid ma ke alo o kou ʻāʻī, ma luna pono o kou ʻōpū hanu (trachea) . Ua like kona ʻano me ka pulelehua - me kahi liʻiliʻi ma waena a me ʻelua ʻēheu nui e pālahalaha ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kahi ʻōpū thyroid olakino (ʻaʻole like me kahi puʻupuʻu i kou ʻāʻī), a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike inā ʻoe e hoʻopā iā ia me kou manamana lima ma ke alo o kou ʻāʻī. ʻElua mau ʻāpana nui o ka ʻōpū thyroid: nā lobes ʻelua (lobes) a me ka ʻāpana waena e hoʻopili ai i kēia mau lobes ʻelua (thyroid isthmus) . Hana ʻia kēia me nā pūnaewele follicle thyroid (thyrocytes), nāna e hana a mālama i nā hormones thyroid (ʻo T3 a me T4 ka nui), a me nā C-cell , nāna e hana i ka hormone calcitonin. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻōpū thyroid ma kahi o 2 ʻīniha . ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kahi ʻōpū thyroid olakino a puka mai ka ʻāʻī. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau maʻi ke hoʻonui i ka thyroid. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he goiter . Ua kapa pū kekahi poʻe iā ia he "goiter." Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka goiter, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona penei:

• He pehu ma ke alo o ka ʻāʻī, ma lalo pono o ka iwi ʻāʻī.
• Manaʻo paʻa i ka puʻu.
• Nā loli o ka leo, no ka laʻana, ka palahalaha o ka leo.

He aha nā maʻi a me nā kūlana e hoʻopilikia ai i ka ʻōpū thyroid?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano maʻi thyroid. He mea maʻamau loa kēia. Ua manaʻo ʻia ma kahi o 20 miliona mau kānaka ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa wale nō e loaʻa ana i kekahi ʻano maʻi thyroid. ʻElima a ʻewalu manawa ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi thyroid i nā wāhine ma mua o nā kāne. Ua māhele nui ʻia ka maʻi thyroid i ʻelua ʻano: mua a me ka lua .

• I ke ʻano mua o ka maʻi thyroid, hoʻomaka ka maʻi i loko o ke kelepa thyroid ponoʻī.
• I ka maʻi thyroid lua , hoʻomaka ka maʻi ma ka pituitary gland. No ka laʻana, inā ulu kahi nodule ma kou thyroid a hoʻoulu iā ia e hana i ka nui o ka hormone thyroid, ʻo ia ka hyperthyroidism mua. Eia nō naʻe, inā ulu kahi puʻupuʻu ma kou pituitary gland a hoʻoulu iā ia e hana i ka nui o ka TSH, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka thyroid e hana i ka nui o ka hormone, ʻo ia ka hyperthyroidism lua.

ʻEhā mau kūlana nui e hoʻopilikia ai i ka ʻōpū thyroid:

• Hypothyroidism (ka hana ʻole o ka thyroid gland)
• Hyperthyroidism ( ka hana nui o ka thyroid gland)
• ʻO ka goiter ( ka nui o ke kelepa thyroid/goiter)
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid

Hypothyroidism - i ka wā e hana ʻole ai ke kelepa thyroid

Hana ʻia kēia ke hana ʻole kāu kelepa thyroid i nā hormones thyroid lawa . Hoʻolohi kēia i kekahi o kāu metabolism. He kūlana maʻamau nō hoʻi kēia. Aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ia. Aia kekahi mau kumu o ka hypothyroidism:

• ʻO ka maʻi Hashimoto: He maʻi 'autoimmune' kēia. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, hoʻouka kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī i ka thyroid.
• Thyroiditis: Ka mumū o ka ʻōpū thyroid.
• Ka nele o ka ʻiodine.
• Ka hana ʻino o ka thyroid hānau ʻana.
• Ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hyperthyroidism.
• Wehe ʻana i ke kelepa thyroid ma ke ʻoki kino.

Hyperthyroidism - i ka wā e hana nui ai ka thyroid gland

Hana ʻia kēia ke hana a hoʻokuʻu nui kāu kelepa thyroid i ka hormone thyroid . Hoʻolalelale kēia i kekahi o kāu metabolism. Aia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia. Aia kekahi mau kumu o ka hyperthyroidism:

• ʻO ka maʻi Graves: He maʻi autoimmune nō hoʻi kēia.
• Nā pūpū thyroid.
• ʻO ka maʻi thyroid.
• ʻO ka thyroiditis postpartum: ʻO ka mumū o ka thyroid gland e kū mai ana ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
• ʻO ka iodine keu i loko o ke koko, mai ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
• Ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hypothyroidism.
• He puʻupuʻu ʻaʻole maʻi kanesa (benign) o ka pituitary gland.

Goiter - ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka thyroid

ʻO ka goiter ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kelepa thyroid. He mea maʻamau nō hoʻi kēia. ʻOkoʻa nā kumu ma muli o ke ʻano o ka goiter:

• Nā goiters maʻalahi: Hoʻomaka kēia i ka wā ʻaʻole hana ka thyroid gland i nā hormones lawa no ke kino. A laila hoʻāʻo ka thyroid e hoʻonui e hoʻoponopono i ka hemahema.
• Nā goiters maʻi maʻi: Hoʻomohala kēia i nā poʻe i loaʻa ʻole ka iodine lawa mai kā lākou meaʻai. Ma Sri Lanka, ua kakaikahi kēia ʻano i kēia manawa no ka mea hoʻohui mākou i ka iodine i ka paʻakai a mākou e ʻai ai.
• Nā goiters sporadic: ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻaʻohe kumu maopopo no kēia mau mea. I kekahi manawa, hiki ke hana ʻia e kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me ka lithium.

Ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid

He maʻi ʻaʻai kēia e hoʻomaka ana i loko o ka ʻiʻo thyroid. He holomua loa ka mālama ʻana no ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid. Mai hopohopo, hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia i ka hapa nui o nā hihia. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid e like me ke ʻano o ke kelepona mai kahi e ulu ai ke maʻi ʻaʻai:

• Papillary: Ma kahi o 80% o nā maʻi kanesa thyroid o kēia ʻano.
• Follicular: Ma kahi o 15% o kēia ʻano.
• Medullary: Ma kahi o 2%. Hiki paha kēia ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka gene.
• Anaplastic: Ma kahi o 2%. He ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o kēia, akā ʻaʻole maʻamau.

He aha nā hōʻailona mua o nā pilikia thyroid?

He ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi thyroid like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka thyroid i nā mea he nui i loko o ko kākou kino, e like me ka helu o ka puʻuwai, ka metabolism, a me ka kaohi ʻana i ka mahana, pono ʻoe e makaʻala i kēia mau hōʻailona:

• Ka emi ʻana a i ʻole ka piʻi ʻana o ka puʻuwai.
• Ka wīwī a momona paha me ke kumu ʻole.
• Paʻakikī ke ʻae ʻana i ke anu a i ʻole ka wela.
• Kaumaha a hopohopo paha.
• Nā pōʻaiapuni menstrual kūpono ʻole i nā wahine.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻike ʻana i ke kauka a loaʻa i kahi hoʻāʻo koko e nānā i kāu hana thyroid.

He aha nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau i hana ʻia e nānā i ke olakino thyroid?

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo mua a koʻikoʻi loa e nānā i kou olakino thyroid he hoʻāʻo koko e nānā i kāu pae TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone). Hiki i kēia ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi manaʻo o ka hypothyroidism a me ka hyperthyroidism. ʻO ka pae maʻamau no kahi hoʻāʻo koko TSH ma waena o 0.5 a me 5.0 mIU/L (milli-international units per liter). Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke ʻokoʻa iki kēia mai ka lab a i ka lab, ma muli o nā mea e like me kou makahiki a me ke kūlana hāpai. No laila e hoʻohālikelike iā ia me nā waiwai i loko o kāu hōʻike. Hiki i kāu kauka ke nānā i kāu mau pae T4 a me T3 (thyroid hormone) i loko o kou koko. Inā ʻokoʻa nā hopena o kāu hoʻāʻo, hiki i kāu kauka ke kauoha i kahi scan thyroid.Hiki ke noi ʻia ʻoe e hana i kahi CT scan (kahi e hoʻohana ana i kahi mea radioactive liʻiliʻi a palekana e kiʻi i nā kiʻi o ka thyroid) a i ʻole kahi ultrasound thyroid .

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai nā maʻi thyroid?

Aia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi thyroid. Aia ia i ke ʻano o ka maʻi a me kona koʻikoʻi. ʻEkolu mau koho lapaʻau nui:

• Lāʻau lapaʻau
• ʻoki kino
• ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau radiation a me ka chemotherapy

Lāʻau lapaʻau

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi thyroid:

• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau antithyroid: Ke kāohi nei kēia mau lāʻau i ka hana ʻana o ka thyroid i nā hormones. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou no ka hyperthyroidism.
• Nā mea pale Beta: Hoʻomalu kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i nā hōʻailona o ka hyperthyroidism (e like me ka puʻuwai wikiwiki), akā ʻaʻole e ho'ōla i ka maʻi thyroid ponoʻī.
• ʻOiodine radioactive: Hoʻopōʻino kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i nā hunaola thyroid, a laila e hoʻopau ana i ka ʻōpū thyroid. He lāʻau lapaʻau ia no ka hyperthyroidism a me ke kanesa thyroid.
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau hormone thyroid: He mau hormones thyroid synthetic kēia. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou e mālama i ka hypothyroidism. ʻO ka poʻe i hana ʻia i kahi thyroidectomy a i ʻole ka poʻe i hana ʻole i ka thyroid ma muli o ka iodine radioactive, pono lākou e lawe i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau no ke koena o ko lākou ola.

ʻoki kino

ʻO ke kaʻina hana nui no ka maʻi thyroid he thyroidectomy . Pili kēia i ka wehe ʻana i ke kelepa thyroid holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka thyroidectomy kahi koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi thyroid a ʻo ia ke koho mua no ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid. ʻO kekahi koho ʻoki ʻana he lobectomy , kahi e wehe ai i kahi hapa wale o ka thyroid.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau radiation a me ka chemotherapy

ʻO kēia nā koho lapaʻau no ke kanesa thyroid. Hoʻopau kēia mau lāʻau ʻelua i nā hunaola kanesa a hoʻōki iā lākou mai ka ulu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono ka hapa nui o nā kanesa thyroid i ka radiation therapy a i ʻole chemotherapy.

He aha nā kumu pilikia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi thyroid?

He mea maʻamau ka maʻi thyroid a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā kānaka o kēlā me kēia makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau kumu ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi thyroid:

• Loaʻa kahi moʻolelo ʻohana o ka maʻi thyroid (loulou hoʻoilina).
• Loaʻa kahi maʻi autoimmune, e like me ka maʻi diabetes type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, a i ʻole lupus.
• ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa ka nui o ka iodine.
• ʻOiai inā he wahine ʻoe ma luna o 60 mau makahiki.

Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke mālama i ke olakino o kaʻu thyroid?

Nā mea e pono ai no ka mālama ʻana i kou thyroidʻO ke ala nui, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iodine lawa mai nā meaʻai āu e ʻai ai. Pono ka thyroid i ka iodine e hana i nā hormones thyroid. ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, loaʻa i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ka iodine lawa mai ka paʻakai iodized a me nā meaʻai me ka iodine i hoʻohui ʻia. ʻO nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ka iodine:

• Kīhi
• Waiū bipi
• Nā hua manu
• Yogurt
• Iʻa kai
• Nā pūpū, e like me nā pāpaʻi a me ka ʻōpae
• Limu
• Waiū soya
• ʻO ka mea ʻono soya

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka lawe ʻana i ka nui o ka iodine a hiki ke hoʻopilikia. Inā he mau nīnau a hopohopo paha kāu e pili ana i ke olakino o kou thyroid, mai kānalua e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka.

Āhea wau e kamaʻilio ai me ke kauka e pili ana i koʻu thyroid?

Inā ʻoe e ʻike nei i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi thyroid, e like me nā loli i kou kaumaha, ka helu o ka puʻuwai, a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i ka mahana , e ʻike i kāu kauka. Hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi hoʻāʻo koko maʻalahi e ʻike ai inā ʻo kou thyroid ke kumu o kāu mau hōʻailona.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)

He kelepa koʻikoʻi loa kou thyroid i loko o kāu ʻōnaehana endocrine. Hoʻopilikia ia i nā mea he nui i loko o kou kino. He mea maʻamau ka maʻi thyroid, a hiki ke mālama ʻia a ho'ōla ʻia i ka nui.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona e pili ana i ka maʻi thyroid, a inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike inā he mau kumu pilikia kou no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi thyroid, mai makaʻu a kānalua paha e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka. Eia lākou e kōkua iā ʻoe. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kou olakino ka mea nui loa!

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ʻO ka thyroid, ke kelepa thyroid, nā hormones, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goiter, ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid