ʻO nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ART no ka maʻi HIV (Antiretroviral Therapy) ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi

He mea maʻamau ke kaumaha a me ka haʻalulu ke ʻike ʻoe he maʻi HIV kou. Akā, ʻaʻole ʻoe hoʻokahi. I kēia lā, ua holomua nui ka ʻepekema lapaʻau. He maʻi ka maʻi HIV hiki ke kāohi ʻia a hiki iā ʻoe ke ola i kahi ola olakino a lōʻihi. ʻO ka mea kaua ikaika loa a mākou no kēia, ʻo ia ka lāʻau ART. No laila, i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio maʻalahi kākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o kēia lāʻau ART, kāna hana, a pehea e hana ai i maopopo iā ʻoe.

He aha ka lāʻau lapaʻau ART ma nā huaʻōlelo maʻalahi?

ʻO ART kahi huaʻōlelo pōkole no ka Antiretroviral Therapy . I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he hui pū ʻana ia o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hāʻawi ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi HIV. He maʻi HIV e hoʻouka i ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko mākou kino. ʻO ke kikoʻī, ʻo nā pūnaewele CD4 (i kapa ʻia hoʻi he mau pūnaewele T kōkua), e hana ana e like me nā 'koa' i loko o ko mākou kino, e luku i kēia maʻi. Ke nalowale kēia mau pūnaewele CD4, hiolo ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko mākou kino. A laila, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi koʻikoʻi a me nā maʻi i hana ʻole ʻia ma ke ʻano maʻamau.

Ke emi ka ukana viral, hiki i kou kino ke hana hou i nā pūnaewele CD4 hou aʻe. Hoʻoikaika kēia i kou ʻōnaehana pale a pale iā ʻoe mai nā maʻi koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka maʻamau, pili ka ART i ka hui pū ʻana o ʻelua a ʻehā mau lāʻau. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau e hana ana ma nā ʻano like ʻole ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i hoʻokahi lāʻau wale nō. Hoʻemi pū ia i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi i ke kūʻē ʻana i nā lāʻau.

No ke aha i kapa ʻia ai kēia ʻo 'Antiretroviral'?

No loko o kahi hui o nā virus i kapa ʻia ʻo Retroviruses ka HIV. ʻO ka maʻamau, hana ʻia ka RNA (nā kope leka) mai ka DNA (ko kākou ʻike genetic) i loko o kā kākou mau cell. Akā hana kēia Retrovirus i ka mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia hoʻi, hoʻohana ia i ka RNA i loko e hana i ka DNA i loko o kā kākou mau cell. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo 'Antiretroviral' no ka mea hana lākou e kūʻē i kēlā kaʻina hana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe iā lākou i kapa ʻia ʻo ART, cART (ART i hui pū ʻia) a i ʻole HAART (ART hana nui). He mau huaʻōlelo kēia a pau e like ka manaʻo.

He aha ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ukana viral 'ʻike ʻole ʻia'?

ʻO kēia ka ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi a me ka uku nui o ka ART. Ke lawe pono ʻoe i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau, e emi nui ana ka nui o ka maʻi HIV (viral load) i loko o kou koko a hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia e nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he pae 'undetectable' . Hoʻākāka pinepine ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he pae ma lalo o 20 kope o ka maʻi i kēlā me kēia milliliter o ke koko (< 20 kope/mL).

ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻo "ʻike ʻole ʻia" ua ho'ōla ʻia ʻoe. Inā ʻoe e hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i ka maʻi i hūnā ʻia i loko o kou kino ke hana hou. Eia kekahi, inā ʻoe e lawe i kahi hoʻāʻo HIV, e hōʻike mau ʻia he "maikaʻi" no ka mea ke ʻimi nei kēlā mau hoʻokolohua i nā antibodies e kūʻē i ka maʻi, ʻaʻole i ka maʻi ponoʻī.

Pehea e hana ai ka ART? Ka moʻolelo o ka maʻi HIV

I mea e maopopo ai pehea e hana ai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, pono mua mākou e hoʻomaopopo pehea e komo ai ka maʻi HIV i loko o ko kākou mau cell a hana i nā kope nona iho.

E noʻonoʻo i ka maʻi HIV he ʻaihue. He hale kāu cell CD4. Komo kēia ʻaihue i loko o ka hale, hoʻohana i nā lako like i loko o ka hale, hana i nā kope he nui nona iho, a lele i nā hale ʻē aʻe. I ke kaʻina hana, ua luku ʻia kēlā hale mua (ka cell CD4).

Aia kekahi mau ʻanuʻu i kēia kaʻina hana. Hana nā lāʻau lapaʻau ART ma ka hoʻōki ʻana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau ʻanuʻu.

Hana nā lāʻau ART ma ke keakea ʻana i kekahi o nā ʻanuʻu i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. Hoʻōki kekahi mau lāʻau i ke komo ʻana o ka maʻi i loko o ke kelepona. Hoʻōki kekahi iā ia mai ka hana ʻana i ka DNA. Hoʻōki kekahi iā ia mai ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā maʻi hou.

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka ART?

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ART i kekahi mau hui nui. Hana kēlā me kēia hui ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ke ola o ka maʻi HIV.

• Nā mea kāohi i ke komo ʻana: Pale kēia i ke komo ʻana o ka maʻi i loko o ke kele CD4.
• Nā mea pale Capsid: Kāohi i ka 'pahu mea hana' o ka maʻi (Capsid) mai ka wehe ʻana a i ʻole ka hōʻuluʻulu hou ʻana.
• Nā mea pale i ka Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase (NRTIs): Ke hana ka maʻi i ka DNA, hāʻawi ia i nā piliki 'hoʻopunipuni' e like me nā 'piliki' e pono ai. Ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ke kaulahao DNA.
• Nā mea pale ʻole i ka Nīkleoside Reverse Transcriptase (NNRTI): Hele pololei kēia mau mea i ka enzyme e hana ai i ka DNA (Reverse Transcriptase).
• Nā mea kāohi Integrase (INSTI): Kāohi i ka enzyme (integrase) e hoʻohui i ka DNA viral i ka DNA o kā mākou cell.
• Nā mea kāohi Protease (PI): Hoʻōki i ka enzyme ʻokiʻoki protein (protease) mai ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā maʻi hou.
• Nā Mea Hoʻonui Pharmacokinetic (Boosters): ʻAʻole kēia e hoʻopilikia pololei i ka maʻi, akā kōkua i nā lāʻau ART ʻē aʻe e noho i loko o ke kino no ka manawa lōʻihi a ma nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe aʻe.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe he hui pū ʻana o kekahi o kēia mau papa. No ka laʻana, he pila hoʻokahi paha i hana ʻia me ʻelua NRTI a me kahi mea hoʻopaʻa integrase.

Pehea e koho ai au i ka lāʻau ART kūpono noʻu?

Na ke kauka e mālama nei iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ka hui lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono loa nāu ma hope o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kekahi mau kumu.

• ʻO kāu ukana viral a me ka helu CD4: He mea nui e ʻike i kēia mau waiwai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau.
• Ke kū'ē ʻana o ka maʻi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau: I kekahi manawa, lilo ka maʻi i kū'ē i kekahi mau lāʻau. Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo e ʻike ai.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau maʻi olakino ʻē aʻe, e like me ka maʻi puʻupaʻa, ka maʻi akepaʻa, ka maʻi puʻuwai, ka maʻi diabetes, a i ʻole ke kolamu kiʻekiʻe, pono ʻoe e haʻi i kāu kauka e pili ana iā lākou.
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe āu e lawe nei: Inā ʻoe e lawe nei i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, aia paha he mau pilina ma waena o kēlā mau lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau ART.
• Hāpai: Inā hāpai ʻoe a i ʻole e hoʻolālā ana e hāpai, aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau palekana i kūpono iā ʻoe.
• ʻO ka maʻalahi o ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau: E noʻonoʻo inā he pila hoʻokahi i ka lā a i ʻole ʻelua paha i ka lā, inā paha e lawe ʻia me ka meaʻai a i ʻole me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai, a pehea e kūpono ai i kou nohona.

He aha nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pilikia o ka mālama ʻana me ART?

Nā Pōmaikaʻi

• Ke hoʻoikaika nei i ka ʻōnaehana pale: Hoʻonui ka nui o nā pūnaewele CD4, e hoʻonui ana i ka hiki o kou kino ke pale aku i nā maʻi.
• Ka palekana mai nā maʻi koʻikoʻi: Hiki i ka HIV ke pale aku i nā maʻi kūpono e like me ka niumonia a me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu.
• Ka hoʻemi ʻia ʻana o ka pilikia o ka maʻi kanesa: Ua hoʻemi ʻia ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi kanesa e pili ana i ka HIV (e like me ka Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma).
• Ke pale ʻana i ka maʻi AIDS: Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, hiki i ka maʻi HIV ke holomua i ke kahua hope loa i kapa ʻia ʻo AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Hoʻōki ka ART i kēia.
• Ke pale ʻana i ka maʻi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe:E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua (U=U) , inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kāu ukana viral, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolaha iā ia i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma o ka moekolohe.
• Ola olakino a lōʻihi: Hiki i ke kanaka e lawe pono i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke ola i kahi ola maʻamau, e like me ka mea me ka ʻole o ka maʻi HIV.

Nā pilikia a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao

Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao ke hoʻomaka mua lākou i ka ART. Eia nō naʻe, he manawa pōkole kēia mau mea a nalo ma hope o kekahi mau pule i ka wā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai ke kino i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

• Ka luaʻi, ka luaʻi
• ʻŌpū ʻeha, maʻi kahe
• ʻEha poʻo
• Pōʻino
• Luhi, luhi
• ʻAʻole hiki ke hiamoe
• ʻŌhū ʻili

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​mai hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau a haʻi i kāu kauka. Hiki iā ia ke kōkua iā ʻoe e loaʻa kahi hopena a i ʻole, inā pono, e hoʻololi iā ʻoe i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i kūpono iā ʻoe. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao lōʻihi, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i kāu pae cholesterol. ʻO ia ke kumu e nānā mau ai kāu kauka iā ʻoe.

Pehea ʻoe e nānā ai i ka holomua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau?

Ma hope o kou hoʻomaka ʻana i ka ART, e nānā kāu kauka iā ʻoe ma kahi papa hana kikoʻī. E hana ʻo ia i ʻelua mau hoʻokolohua nui.

Mai poina i hoʻokahi lā o ka lawe ʻana i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau!

ʻO ka pilikia nui loa i ka holomua o ka mālama ʻana iā ARTE lawe i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia lā, i ka manawa kūpono, me ka ʻole o ka hala ʻana i hoʻokahi lā. Inā hala ʻoe i kahi mahele lāʻau, loaʻa i ka maʻi kahi manawa e hoʻonui hou i loko o kou kino. Inā hana ʻia kēlā, hiki i ka maʻi ke kūʻē i ka lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe nei (lāʻau kūʻē). A laila e pau ka hana a ka lāʻau lapaʻau a pono ʻoe e hele no nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. No laila, he mea nui e lawe i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa kūpono, inā paha ma ke kau ʻana i kahi hoʻomanaʻo ma kāu kelepona a i ʻole ke noi ʻana i kahi lālā o ka ʻohana e hoʻomanaʻo iā ʻoe.