ʻAʻole anei e launa pū kāu keiki liʻiliʻi me nā keiki ʻē aʻe? Manaʻo ʻoe ua mehameha ʻo ia i loko o kona honua ponoʻī? Ke paʻakikī nei paha iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i kāna ʻano i kekahi manawa? He mea maʻamau iā ʻoe ma ke ʻano he makua ke hopohopo iki a loaʻa nā nīnau he nui ma muli o nā mea e like me kēia. Hopohopo ka nui o nā mākua i nā mea e like me kēia. No laila, i kēia lā ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo autism, hiki ke hōʻike i kēia mau hōʻailona. Mai hopohopo, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā mea āpau me ka maʻalahi a me ka maopopo.
ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻomaopopo kākou, he aha ka autism?
ʻO kēia ka mea nui loa. Ma mua o ko kākou kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ka autism, aia kekahi mau mea e pono ai kākou a pau e hoʻomaopopo.
- ʻAʻole he maʻi ka autism: He mea nui loa kēia. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻāʻo mākou e hoʻōla, "hoʻomaikaʻi" i kahi "maʻi". Akā, ʻaʻole ka autism he maʻi e pono e hoʻōla ʻia. He hoʻololi ia i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka lolo o ke keiki. No laila, ʻo ka pahuhopu o nā kauka ma ʻaneʻi, ʻaʻole ia e "hoʻōla" i ke keiki, akā, e kōkua i ke keiki e hoʻokele i nā pilikia a lākou e kū nei, me ke kōkua ʻana iā lākou e hoʻonui i ko lākou mau ikaika a me nā talena .
- ʻO nā keiki me ka autism he 'Neurodivergent': Mai makaʻu i kēia huaʻōlelo Pelekania. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, hana ko lākou lolo ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāu keiki ma kekahi mau mea ma mua o nā keiki ʻē aʻe, a pono paha ʻo ia i ke kōkua hou aku me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
- He Spectrum ka Autism: E noʻonoʻo iā ia e like me ke ānuenue. E like me nā kala like ʻole ma ke ānuenue, ʻokoʻa loa nā keiki a me nā pākeke me ka autism kekahi i kekahi. He ʻokoʻa ko lākou ʻano, nā talena, a me nā pilikia. No laila , ʻaʻohe hopena "hoʻokahi nui e kūpono i nā mea āpau". Pono kēlā me kēia keiki i ke kākoʻo kū hoʻokahi iā lākou, i hana ʻia i kā lākou mau pono.
- Nā Manaʻo Kuhihewa e pili ana i ka autism: No nā makahiki he ʻumi, ua laha ka nui o nā manaʻo kuhihewa e pili ana i ka autism i loko o ke kaiāulu. Ua hoʻopilikia nui kēia mau manaʻo kuhihewa i ka poʻe me ka autism. ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke holoi i kēlā wā i hala, akā ua aʻo mākou mai ia mea. ʻO ka pahuhopu o nā lāʻau lapaʻau o kēia lā, ʻaʻole ia e koi i nā keiki autistic i loko o kahi "ʻōnaehana" o ke kaiāulu, akā e kōkua iā lākou e hoʻomohala i nā mākau e pono ai lākou.
ʻOiai ke hoʻohana nei nā kauka i nā huaʻōlelo e like me "nā hōʻailona" a me "diagnosis," pono mākou e hoʻomanaʻo he ʻoi aku ka autism ma mua o kahi hōʻailona; he ʻāpana ia o ka ʻike o ke kanaka.
He aha nā hōʻailona o ka autism i loko o kahi keiki?
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka autism i ʻelua mau pūʻulu nui:
1. Nā pilikia i ke kamaʻilio ʻana a me ka launa pū ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe: ʻO ke ʻano kēia o ka paʻakikī i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pilina a me ke kamaʻilio ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
2.Nā ʻano, makemake, a i ʻole nā hana i kaupalena ʻia a hana hou ʻia: ʻO ke ʻano kēia o ka hana ʻana i nā mea like ma mua o nā manawa a pau, a i ʻole ka makemake nui i nā mea like.
Hiki ke loli ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana o kēia mau hōʻailona me ka makahiki o ke keiki. E nānā kākou i kēia ma ke ʻano maʻalahi e hoʻomaopopo.
| Pūʻulu makahiki | Nā ʻano i ʻike ʻia ma ke kamaʻilio kaiāulu |
|---|---|
| Nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi |
|
| Nā Keiki ʻElemakule | |
| Nā keiki ʻōpio (ʻōpio) |
| Pūʻulu makahiki | Nā ʻano hana i ʻike ʻia |
|---|---|
| Nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi |
|
| Nā keiki makua a me nā keiki ʻōpio |
He mea nui: ʻO kekahi o nā mea i helu ʻia ma ʻaneʻi nā mea a kekahi keiki e hana ai i kekahi manawa. Akā i ke ʻano o ka autism, ʻaʻole kēia mau ʻano he mea e "ulu aʻe i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa." A hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia no ke keiki ma ke kula a i ʻole ke launa pū ʻana me nā hoa.
Nā ikaika kūikawā a me nā talena o nā keiki me ka autism
Ma waho aʻe o ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā pilikia, he mau ikaika kūikawā ko nā keiki a me nā poʻe me ka autism. Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i kēia mau mea he "mana nui" ko lākou.
- ʻOiaʻiʻo a me ka pololei: Hōʻike pololei lākou i ko lākou mau manaʻo.
- Ke kūʻē ʻana i ka hewa: Loaʻa iā lākou ka ikaika e ʻōlelo no ka mea kūpono, ʻoiai inā kūʻē ia i ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu.
- Ikaika pono: Hoʻoikaika ʻia lākou e hana e like me ko lākou manaʻo ikaika o ka pono a me ka hewa, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻohe mea e nānā mai ana.
- Nā pilina me nā hui makahiki like ʻole: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopili maʻalahi me kekahi, me ka nānā ʻole i ka makahiki.
- Hoʻoikaika Hohonu: Aia kahi hiki kupaianaha e hoʻoikaika i kahi kumuhana no ka manawa lōʻihi a loaʻa ka ʻike loea ma ia kumuhana.
- Noʻonoʻo kūpono ikaika: Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana ma ke ʻano ʻike a me ke ʻano kūpono, ma mua o ka waha.
He aha ke kumu o ka autism?
ʻAʻohe kumu hoʻokahi i loaʻa. I kēia manawa, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka autism e ka hui pū ʻana o nā genetics a me nā kumu kaiapuni, e like me ka ʻike ʻana i nā kumu kaiapuni i ka wā hāpai a me ka hānau keiki. Hana pū kēia mau mea e hoʻopilikia i ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo o ke keiki.
ʻO kekahi mau mea i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui i ka likelika o ka autism:
- ʻOi aku ka makahiki o ka makuahine ma mua o 35 mau makahiki.
- E hāpai hou ana i loko o 12 mau mahina o ka loaʻa ʻana o hoʻokahi keiki.
- Loaʻa ka maʻi diabetes gestational i ka wā hāpai.
- Ke kahe ʻana o ke koko i ka wā hāpai.
- Ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me ka valproate, i ka wā hāpai.
- Ka Pale ʻana i ka Ulu ʻana o ka ʻŌpū (IGR).
- Hoʻemi ʻia ka lako o ka oxygen i ka ʻōpū i ka wā hāpai a hānau paha.
- Ka hānau mua ʻana (hānau mua ʻana).
He hoʻoilina anei ka autism?
ʻAe, hiki nō. Akā, aia kahi ʻokoʻa iki ma waena o ka "genetic" a me ka "inherited."
He "genetic" ka autism ma ke ʻano he hoʻopilikia nā loli i kekahi mau genes i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka lolo o ke keiki. I kekahi manawa hiki i kēia mau loli genetic ke ulu i loko o ke keiki ponoʻī. I kēlā hihia, ʻaʻole ia he mea i hoʻoilina ʻia.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia nā loli genetic mai nā mākua a i nā keiki. Manaʻo nā loea he hiki ke hoʻoilina ka autism, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia i nā hoahānau.
Pehea e ʻike ai nā kauka i ka autism?
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻike ʻana i ka autism e pili ana i kekahi mau ʻanuʻu. Hoʻomaka pinepine ia me kahi hoʻokolokolo lapaʻau maʻamau o ke keiki. Paipai nā kauka pediatric i ka nānā ʻana no ka autism ke hiki ke keiki i 18 a me 24 mau mahina. E nīnau ke kauka iā ʻoe i kekahi mau nīnau e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ke kamaʻilio ʻana o kāu keiki.
Inā kānalua ke kauka he autism kāu keiki, e kuhikuhi ʻo ia iā ʻoe i kekahi kauka ʻē aʻe i loea i kēia ʻāpana. E kamaʻilio kēlā loea me ʻoe, e hoʻolilo manawa me kāu keiki, a e nānā i kāu keiki.
No ka hōʻoia ʻana lākouʻO nā pae hoʻohālikelike i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke alakaʻi lapaʻau DSM-5-TR penei: I mea e ʻike ʻia ai he autism, pono i ke keiki ke loaʻa nā pilikia ma nā wahi aʻe:
A. Pono e loaʻa nā pilikia ma nā wahi pilikanaka ʻekolu:
1. Ka pānaʻi like ʻana o ka nohona a me ka naʻau: Pili kēia i ka paʻakikī o ke kaʻana like ʻana i nā manaʻo ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, e like me ke kamaʻilio ʻana.
2. Kamaʻilio waha ʻole: Paʻakikī i ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā mea e like me ka pili maka a me ka ʻōlelo kino.
3. Ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pilina: Paʻakikī i ka launa pū ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a me ke ʻano kūpono i nā kūlana like ʻole.
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B. Pono e loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻelua o nā ʻāpana ʻehā o ke ʻano hana hou:
1. Nā neʻe hou ʻana, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea, a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo ʻana: hana hou a ʻōlelo paha i ka mea like ma mua a ma mua.
2. Ke kūpaʻa nei i ka hana maʻamau a i ʻole ke ʻano like: ke kūʻē ikaika nei i ka loli.
3. Nā hoihoi nui loa a ʻano ʻē paha: Ka hoihoi nui i kahi mea a i ʻole kumuhana.
4. Ka pane nui a i ʻole ka pane ʻole ʻana i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki sensory: ʻOi aku a emi mai paha ka pane ʻana ma mua o ka mea maʻamau i nā mea e like me ke kani, ka mālamalama, ka hoʻopā ʻana, a pēlā aku.
Aia kekahi hoʻokolohua kūikawā no ka autism?
ʻAʻohe mea e like me ka hoʻāʻo koko a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo mimi. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka autism e kahi loea i aʻo ʻia e nānā ana i ke keiki a loaʻa ka ʻike mai nā mākua. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano loiloi maʻamau e like me ka "Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)" no kēia. ʻOiai hiki ke hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo genetic, ʻaʻole ia e ʻike i ka autism. Hiki iā ia ke ʻike wale i nā kumu genetic e hoʻoulu ai i nā loli i ka lolo o ke keiki.
Ke hāʻawi nei i ka mālama ʻana a me ke kākoʻo
Aia kekahi mau ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole e kākoʻo i nā keiki me ka autism. Hana kēia mau mea e kūkulu i nā ikaika o ke keiki me ke kōkua ʻana iā lākou e hoʻokele i nā pilikia a lākou e kū nei. Aʻo pū kekahi mau lapaʻau i nā mākua a me nā ʻohana pehea e kākoʻo ai i kā lākou keiki.
E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia kākoʻo, ʻoiai ma mua o ka piha ʻana o 3 makahiki , ʻo ka nui aku ia o ka pono no ka wā e hiki mai ana o ke keiki.
ʻO nā kūlana like e kū mai ana me ka autism e pono ai ke mālama ʻia. Eia kekahi laʻana:
- Nā pilikia o ka nānā ʻana (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - ADHD)
- Nā maʻi hopohopo
- Nā maʻi hiamoe
- ʻEpilepsy
- Ka maʻi hoʻopilikia-koʻikoʻi (OCD)
No kēia mau kūlana, hiki i nā kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā pono, a me kahi Hoʻolālā Hoʻonaʻauao Pilikino (IEP) no nā pono hoʻonaʻauao o kāu keiki. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kēia mau mea āpau me ka wehe ʻia.
ʻO ka makua ʻana ua like ia me ke haumāna. Ke aʻo mau nei ʻoe, e ulu pū ana me kāu keiki. Inā he autism kāu keiki, ʻokoʻa iki paha kāu aʻo ʻana ma mua o kou manaʻo. Akā, like nō ka manaʻo nui - alakaʻi kāu keiki iā ʻoe, a hahai ʻoe. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole ʻoe wale nō ma kēia huakaʻi. Aia nā kauka a me ka hui lapaʻau o kāu keiki me kou ʻohana ma o kēlā me kēia pilikia a me kēlā me kēia hauʻoli.
Leka Lawe-Home
- ʻAʻole he maʻi ka autism, he loli ia i ka hana o ka lolo. No laila, ma kahi o ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi "lāʻau lapaʻau," e kālele i ke kākoʻo ʻana i kāu keiki a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ko lākou mau ikaika.
- He ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia keiki autistic, no laila ma kahi o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā lākou me nā keiki ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomaopopo i nā pono kūikawā o kāu keiki.
- He mea nui loa ia no ke keiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi i ka hikiwawe loa a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kākoʻo a me ka lāʻau e pono ai.
- E hoʻomaopopo, mahalo, a paipai i nā talena kūikawā a me nā ikaika o kāu keiki, a me nā pilikia a lākou e kū nei.
- ʻAʻole ʻoe hoʻokahi. Inā he kānalua, nīnau, a hopohopo paha kāu, e kamaʻilio ākea me kāu kauka pediatric.
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