Ke ʻike nei ʻoe i nā kala ma ke ʻano ʻokoʻa ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ka makapō kala!

Ke hoʻoluʻu nei kāu keiki liʻiliʻi i ka lani i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka uliuli o nā lāʻau i ke kaha kiʻi ʻana? Ke huikau nei ʻoe i kekahi manawa ke hele ʻoe i kahi hale kūʻai a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ʻelua kala o nā lole? A i ʻole he paʻakikī iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ka mango pala a me ka mango ʻaʻole pala? ʻAʻole paha he mau hewa maʻamau kēia mau mea. I kēia lā ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo "makapō kala", kahi mea maʻamau i waena o nā kānaka he nui i loko o ke kaiāulu, ʻoi aku hoʻi i waena o nā kāne, akā ʻaʻole i kamaʻilio nui ʻia.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha ka makapō kala?

Ke lohe kākou i ka huaʻōlelo "makapō kala," manaʻo kākou i kahi mea hiki ʻole ke ʻike i kekahi kala, e ʻike ana i ke ao nei i ka ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo. Akā, he ʻano laha ʻole loa ia. Ma nā ʻōlelo lapaʻau, kapa mākou i kēia he hemahema o ka ʻike kala . ʻAʻole ia he hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kala, akā ʻokoʻa kou ʻike ʻana i nā kala ma mua o ke kanaka maʻamau. I ka pololei, aia kahi ʻokoʻa iki i ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana o kou mau maka i nā kala.

E ʻoi aku ka maopopo o kēia inā maopopo iki iā mākou ke ʻano o kā mākou ʻike ʻana i nā kala.

He paʻakikī loa ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi mea. Hana pū ko kākou mau maka a me ko kākou lolo e hana i kēia. Ma ka retina, ma ke kua o ko kākou mau maka, aia nā ʻano kūikawā o nā hunaola nerve i ʻike i ka mālamalama. Kāhea mākou i kēia mau mea he mau photoreceptors. ʻElua ʻano o kēia mau mea.

1. Nā koʻokoʻo: Kōkua kēia iā mākou e ʻike i nā mea i ka mālamalama haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka pōʻeleʻele.

2. Nā Kone: ʻO kēia nā meʻe o kā mākou moʻolelo. Kōkua kēia mau hunaola kone iā mākou e hoʻokaʻawale a ʻike i nā kala.

Ua māhele ʻia kēia mau pūnaewele cone i ʻekolu ʻano nui. Pili kēlā me kēia ʻano i hoʻokahi kala mua.

• Nā koni ʻulaʻula (nā koni L)
• Nā koni ʻōmaʻomaʻo-koʻikoʻi (nā koni M)
• Nā koni polū-koʻikoʻi (koni S)

E noʻonoʻo ʻoe he mea pena kiʻi ʻoe. Inā he ʻekolu kou mau kala, ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka uliuli, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui iā lākou e hana i kekahi kala āu e makemake ai. Ma ke ʻano like, hōʻiliʻili ko mākou mau maka i ka ʻike mai kēia mau cell cone ʻekolu a hoʻouna iā ia i ka lolo e hoʻoholo i ke kala o kahi mea. Loaʻa ka makapō kala ke nalowale kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau cell cone mai ka hānau ʻana, a i ʻole inā ʻaʻole lākou e hana pono.

He aha nā ʻano nui o ka makapō kala?

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka makapō kala i kekahi mau ʻano ma muli o ke ʻano o nā cell cone āu i nalowale ai a hana pono ʻole paha. Me he mea lā he mea paʻakikī iki kēia, akā e kōkua kēia papa iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi.

He aha nā hōʻailona o kēia maʻi?

He mea paʻakikī i ka mea i hānau ʻia me kēia maʻi ke ʻike he mea ʻokoʻa e pili ana iā lākou. No ka mea, ua ʻike lākou i ke ao ma ia ʻano mai ko lākou wā kamaliʻi mai. He mea maʻamau ia no lākou. I ka manawa pinepine, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike he maʻi ko lākou a hiki i ka nānā ʻia ʻana e ke kauka maka.

ʻO nā hōʻailona e ʻike pinepine ʻia:

• Ka paʻakikī i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi mau kala (e like me ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka uliuli a me ka poni, ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka ʻeleʻele).
• ʻAʻole paha e ʻike pololei ʻia ka ʻōlinolino a i ʻole ka hohonu o nā kala.
• Ke paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā aka like ʻole o ke kala like (e.g., ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele).

He kānalua paha kou no kāu keiki?

ʻAʻole paha hiki i kahi keiki ʻōpiopio ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā loli i ko lākou ʻike, no laila he mea nui iā ʻoe ma ke ʻano he makua e makaʻala i kēia mau hōʻailona.

• ʻAʻole makemake i nā hana hoʻoluʻu a me ke kaha kiʻi: Hiki iā ia ke pale aku i kēia mau hana no ka mea he paʻakikī iā ia ke ʻike i nā kala.
• Ke hoʻohana ʻana i nā kala kūpono ʻole: Ke hoʻohana ʻana i nā kala kūlohelohe ʻole, e like me ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka lani i ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka mauʻu i uliuli.
• Ke honi ʻana i ka meaʻai ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana: I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike inā he hou, ʻelemakule, a pala paha kahi meaʻai ma kona kala, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke maʻa i ka honi ʻana iā ia.
• Ke noi ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea pāʻani a i ʻole nā ​​​​poloka ma ke kala, paʻakikī iā ia ke hana pēlā.

No ke aha e kū mai ai ka makapō kala?

ʻElua kumu nui no kēia.

1. Hoʻoilina ʻia

ʻO kēia ke kumu maʻamau. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua hoʻoili ʻia ma ke ʻano genetic mai nā mākua a i nā keiki.Aia ka ʻike e pono ai no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pūnaewele cone i loko o ko kākou mau maka i loko o kā kākou mau genes. Inā he loli (mutation) i loko o kēia mau genes, ʻaʻole paha e ulu pono nā pūnaewele cone a hana pono ʻole paha. No ka mea aia ka gene no ka makapō kala ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka chromosome X, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o kēia ʻano i nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.

2. Hana ʻia ma hope o ke ola (Loaʻa)

I kekahi manawa, hiki i kekahi mea i hānau ʻia me ka ʻole o nā pilikia ke loaʻa i kēia maʻi ma hope o ke ola no kekahi kumu. ʻO kēia ka wā e hōʻino ʻia ai nā hunaola cone ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka maka, ka retina, a i ʻole ka lolo.

• Nā maʻi maka: Nā kūlana e like me ka retinopathy diabetic, cataracts, glaucoma, a me ka macular degeneration e pili ana i ka makahiki.
• Nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ana i ka lolo a i ʻole ka ʻōnaehana nerve.
• Nā ʻeha maka: He ʻeha nui i ke poʻo a i ʻole ka maka.
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao o kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau: Hiki i ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻopilikia i nā maka.
• Ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā kemika i ke kaiapuni.

Pehea ʻoe e ʻike pono ai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia maʻi?

Inā kānalua ʻoe ua loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki kēia maʻi, ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa e hana ai, ʻo ia ke ʻike i ke kauka maka. E hana ʻo ia i kahi hoʻokolokolo maka piha.

Aia nā hoʻāʻo kūikawā a maʻalahi loa e ʻike ai i ka makapō kala. E hoʻomanaʻo paha ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kiʻi i loko o nā puke kahi i hūnā ʻia ai kahi helu a i ʻole ke ʻano i loko o kahi pōʻai i hana ʻia me nā kiko kala like ʻole. ʻO nā hoʻāʻo e like me kēia, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kāleka a i ʻole kahi pale kamepiula, hiki ke haʻi pololei iā ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka hemahema kala āu a me kona koʻikoʻi.

E nānā ʻia nā maka o kāu keiki e ke kauka keiki ma kā lākou keʻena lapaʻau maʻamau. E aʻo lākou iā ʻoe i ka makahiki e pono ai kāu keiki e ʻike i ke kauka maka.

Aia kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia?

He pilikia kēia no nā kānaka he nui.

Eia nō naʻe, inā loaʻa ke ʻano, hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano kumu (e like me ka maʻi diabetes, cataracts) ke hoʻihoʻi i ka ʻike kala i kekahi manawa. Eia nō naʻe, inā mau loa ka hōʻino ʻana i nā cell cone, ʻaʻole paha e hoʻōla piha ka ʻike.

I kēia mau lā, aia nā aniani kūikawā (nā aniani makapō kala) e kōkua i kekahi poʻe e ʻike maopopo a ʻālohilohi paha i nā kala. Akā, ʻaʻole kēia mau mea e ho'ōla i ka maʻi. ʻAʻole lākou e hana no nā mea āpau. No laila, inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ana i kahi mea e like me kēia, e kamaʻilio mua me kāu kauka maka.He mea nui e ʻimi i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo inā kūpono ia iā ʻoe.

Pehea e ola ai me ka holomua me kēia kūlana?

Ke ʻike ʻoe he makapō kala kou, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaha ma kekahi ʻaoʻao. "ʻĀ, ʻo ia ke kumu e hui pū ai kēlā mau kala." Akā i ka manawa like, hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo iki i ka huhū ke noʻonoʻo ʻoe, "Ke ʻike nei au i ke ao nei ma ke ʻano ʻokoʻa ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe?" He mea maʻamau kēlā.

ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia kūlana a hoʻololi iā ia.

• Nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu: Loaʻa i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ka makapō kala ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻoluʻolu ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i ko lākou ola o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻole ia e pale iā lākou mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka laikini hoʻokele a i ʻole ka paʻa ʻana i kahi hana maʻamau.
• Ke kōkua ʻana i nā keiki: Inā loaʻa kēia maʻi i kāu keiki, e hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou mau kumu. E kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ala e kōkua ai iā lākou me nā hana e pili ana i ke kala ma ke kula (e.g., ke kākau ʻia ʻana o nā inoa kala ma nā penikala kala).
• Kōkua ka ʻenehana: I kēia mau lā, aia nā polokalamu no nā kelepona akamai e hōʻike ana i ke kala o kahi mea ke kuhikuhi ʻoe i ke kāmela iā ia. Hiki i nā mea e like me kēia ke kōkua i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.
• E nīnau i kāu kauka: E kamaʻilio ākea me kāu kauka e pili ana i kou kūlana, ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana, a me kou mau hopohopo.

He nui ka poʻe e ola ana i nā ola holomua a hauʻoli me ka makapō kala me ka ʻole o nā pilikia. ʻO ka mea wale nō e pono ai lākou e hana, ʻo ia ke makaʻala i ko lākou kūlana a hana i nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi i ko lākou ola e hoʻokō ai.