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Koj puas xav paub txog cov 'hormones zoo siab' no thiab? Cia peb tham txog endorphins!

Koj puas xav paub txog cov 'hormones zoo siab' no thiab? Cia peb tham txog endorphins!
Koj puas muaj tej lub sij hawm uas koj tsuas xav tias koj zoo siab thiab kaj siab lug xwb? Xav txog qhov kev xav zoo uas koj tau txais tom qab koj ua si zoo, thaum koj luag nrog koj cov phooj ywg, lossis thaum koj noj koj cov zaub mov nyiam. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov ntawd feem ntau yog cov tshuaj me me hu ua endorphins uas tsim tawm hauv peb lub cev. Yog li hnub no, cia peb tham ntxiv me ntsis txog cov endorphins no.

Yog li cov endorphins no yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, endorphins yog cov tshuaj (hormones) uas peb lub cev tsim tawm. Yog hais kom meej, lawv tsim tawm hauv peb lub hlwb hu ua "Pituitary gland" thiab "Hypothalamus." Lawv kuj hu ua ib hom "neurotransmitter." Uas yog, lawv zoo li cov tub xa xov me me uas nqa cov lus los ntawm peb lub paj hlwb . Cov endorphins no raug tso tawm los ntawm peb lub cev tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum peb hnov ​​​​​​mob lossis ntxhov siab. Lawv kuj raug tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua si lom zem xws li kev tawm dag zog, tau txais kev zaws, noj ib yam dab tsi qab, lossis muaj kev sib deev. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm endorphins yog kom txo qhov mob, txo kev ntxhov siab, thiab ua rau peb xav zoo. Lo lus "endorphin" kuj tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev nthuav heev. "Endogenous" txhais tau tias "tsim tawm hauv lub cev." "Morphine" yog, raws li koj paub, yog ib qho tshuaj tua mob muaj zog. Yog li ob qho no tau sib xyaw ua ke los ua lub npe "endorphin." Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias, cov no yog peb cov tshuaj tua mob ntuj! Yog vim li cas lawv kuj hu ua " cov tshuaj hormones zoo siab." Lawv ua rau koj xav zoo, koj lub siab zoo siab.

Puas muaj hom endorphins?

Yog lawm, pom tau tias muaj ntau tshaj 20 hom endorphins hauv peb lub cev. Ntawm cov no, hom hu ua "Beta-endorphins" yog hom uas feem ntau pab tswj kev ntxhov siab thiab txo qhov mob. Qhov xav tsis thoob yog tias lub peev xwm txo qhov mob ntawm cov beta-endorphins no tau hais tias muaj zog dua li morphine!

Cov endorphins ua dab tsi rau peb lub cev?

Xav txog tias koj raug mob qhov twg thiab koj hnov ​​mob. Ces koj cov hlab ntsha xa xov mus rau koj lub hlwb hais tias, "Qhov no mob." Lub sijhawm ntawd, lub hlwb tso tawm endorphins, uas thaiv cov hlab ntsha uas tau txais cov lus qhia mob ntawd. Hais yooj yim, nws tiv thaiv koj kom tsis txhob hnov ​​mob.Qhov no tseem ceeb heev, vim nws yog vim li cas peb thiaj li ua tau kom nquag mus txog qee yam, txawm tias thaum peb mob hnyav lossis ntxhov siab. Peb txhua tus sim tshem tawm qhov mob. Yog li, yog tias muaj qee yam ua rau peb zoo siab, peb yuav ua li ntawd ntau dua. Cov endorphins no kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov ntawd thiab.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm endorphins yog dab tsi?

Endorphins muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig rau peb. Kev tshawb fawb pom tias lawv pab tau rau tej yam xws li:
  • Txo cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab : Nws tau pom tias endorphins , tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua si, tuaj yeem txo cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab.
  • Txo kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab: Thaum cov theem endorphin nce ntxiv, nws tau pom tias kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab raug txo qis.
  • Tsim kom muaj kev ntseeg tus kheej zoo: Endorphins tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntseeg siab rau tus kheej thiab tsim kom muaj lub siab zoo txog koj tus kheej.
  • Pab txhawb rau kev poob phaus: Kuj tseem hais tias kev tso tawm ntawm endorphins pab tswj peb txoj kev ntshaw .
  • Txo qhov mob thaum yug menyuam: Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias muaj cov endorphins ntau dua thaum yug menyuam pab daws qhov mob.
Xav txog seb cov tshuaj me me no muaj feem cuam tshuam loj npaum li cas rau peb lub siab thiab lub cev!

Cov endorphins tsim tawm li cas hauv peb lub cev?

Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws los tso cov endorphins yog kev tawm dag zog. Koj tawm dag zog ntau npaum li cas, koj lub cev tsim cov endorphins ntau npaum li ntawd. Muaj ntau tus neeg hais tias thaum lawv khiav, lawv xav tias muaj kev zoo siab thiab kev nplij siab, uas hu ua "kev siab ntawm tus neeg khiav". Qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog endorphins. Tab sis koj tsis tas yuav khiav. Nov yog qee qhov kev tawm dag zog uas tuaj yeem tso cov endorphins tawm:
  • Kev taug kev muaj zog
  • Ua luam dej
  • Kev seev cev
  • Kev taug kev
Dhau li ntawm kev tawm dag zog, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los tso tawm endorphins:

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov tshuaj endorphin qis yog dab tsi?

Tej zaum ib txhia neeg yuav tsis tsim cov endorphins txaus hauv lawv lub cev. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, cov tsos mob xws li cov no yuav tshwm sim:
  • Kev Nyuaj Siab
  • Kev ntxhov siab
  • Mob thiab mob lub cev
  • Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj rau qee yam
  • Teeb meem pw tsaug zog, xws li insomnia
  • Kev ua ub ua no uas tsis xav ua ntej

Tej yam mob twg uas yuav ua rau tsis muaj endorphins?

Koj puas paub tias endorphins pab peb lub cev tso tawm lwm yam neurotransmitter tseem ceeb hu ua dopamine? Cov dopamine no muaj feem cuam tshuam loj rau peb lub siab. Yog li, thaum endorphins qis, dopamine kuj tuaj yeem qis, ua rau muaj mob xws li kev nyuaj siab. Tsis yog li ntawd xwb, tab sis qhov tsis muaj endorphins kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj lwm yam teeb meem:
  • Fibromyalgia: Qhov no yog ib qho mob uas ua rau mob mus sij hawm ntev thoob plaws lub cev.
  • Kev Ua Phem Rau Tus Kheej: Muaj ib txhia neeg ua phem rau lawv tus kheej thaum lawv ntxhov siab. Qhov no yog vim nws tso tawm cov endorphins thiab muab kev pab ib ntus.
  • Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj thaum tawm dag zog: Muaj cov neeg uas quav yeeb quav tshuaj thaum lawv "khiav" thiab lawv tawm dag zog tau ntau teev hauv ib hnub.

Yog li peb yuav ua li cas kom cov theem endorphin nce ntxiv?

Zoo hmoo, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim thiab tso tawm endorphins hauv peb lub cev. Kev tawm dag zog yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm no yog qee yam uas koj tuaj yeem sim ua:
  • Noj ib daim chocolate dub: Tab sis tsis txhob noj ntau dhau!
  • Tsim ib daim duab kos: ib yam dab tsi zoo li kos duab, sau ib zaj nkauj, lossis ua cov tais diav av nplaum.
  • Mloog koj zaj nkauj nyiam: Cov nkauj kuj tuaj yeem hloov peb lub siab.
  • Tau txais kev kho mob acupuncture: Qhov no kuj yog ib txoj kev uas pab tso tawm endorphins.
  • Xav: Qhov no zoo heev rau kev ua kom lub siab tus.
  • Tau txais kev zaws: Nws ua rau lub cev so thiab tso tawm endorphins.
  • Sim 'Aromatherapy': kev kho mob siv cov ntxhiab tsw qab.
  • Luag nrog cov phooj ywg: Lawv hais tias luag yog tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws.
  • Saib koj qhov yeeb yam TV nyiam:Endorphins raug tso tawm txawm tias thaum koj muaj kev lom zem.
  • Pab Dawb: Kev zoo siab uas koj tau txais los ntawm kev pab lwm tus kuj ua rau muaj endorphins ntau ntxiv.

Qhov txawv ntawm endorphins thiab dopamine yog dab tsi?

Endorphins thiab dopamine yog ob yam tshuaj uas ua rau peb xav zoo, tab sis lawv ua haujlwm sib txawv me ntsis. Endorphins yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntuj. Thaum lawv khi rau cov opioid receptors hauv peb lub hlwb, lawv txhawb kom tso tawm dopamine. Piv txwv li, tus neeg khiav qhov mob nqaij raug txo los ntawm endorphins. Tom qab ntawd dopamine raug tso tawm, tsim kom muaj kev zoo siab hu ua tus neeg khiav siab. Dopamine yog qhov txhawb kom peb ua qee yam dua thiab dua. Yog li, endorphins thiab dopamine zoo li cov phooj ywg uas ua haujlwm ua ke.

Puas yog Serotonin kuj yog ib hom endorphin?

Tsis yog. Txawm hais tias endorphins thiab serotonin yog ob yam tshuaj uas ua rau peb zoo siab, lawv ua tej yam sib txawv. Serotonin feem ntau pab kom peb lub siab thiab kev noj qab nyob zoo ruaj khov. Serotonin kuj pab tswj ntau lwm yam hauv peb lub cev. Endorphins feem ntau tsom mus rau kev txo qhov mob thiab kev ntxhov siab.

Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum twg?

Yog tias koj xav tias koj muaj cov tsos mob nram qab no ntawm endorphin deficiency, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd:
  • Kev Nyuaj Siab
  • `Fibromyalgia`
  • Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj tsis tswj tau
  • Kev xav lossis kev ua phem rau tus kheej
Yog koj muaj tej yam no, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav txaj muag lossis ntshai. Koj tuaj yeem tau kev pab los ntawm kev mus nrhiav kev pab kho mob.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

Yog li, tam sim no koj nkag siab tias endorphins tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau peb lub cev. Lawv pab txo qhov mob, tswj kev ntxhov siab, thiab txhim kho peb lub hlwb kev noj qab haus huv .
Nco ntsoov tias, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua kom koj cov endorphins ntau ntxiv. Ua si ib yam dab tsi tshiab, noj zaub mov ntsim (tab sis ua kom me me!), sib deev, luag nrov nrov nrog ib tug phooj ywg, saib ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab lom zem. Tag nrho cov no yuav ua rau koj zoo siab dua.
Yog tias koj muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog koj cov endorphin theem, tsis txhob yig nrog kws kho mob tham txog qhov ntawd. Lawv yuav muab cov lus qhia thiab kev pab uas koj xav tau.
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 7 + 5 =
Koj puas xav paub txog cov 'hormones zoo siab' no thiab? Cia peb tham txog endorphins!

Koj puas xav paub txog cov 'hormones zoo siab' no thiab? Cia peb tham txog endorphins!

Koj puas muaj tej lub sij hawm uas koj tsuas xav tias koj zoo siab thiab kaj siab lug xwb? Xav txog qhov kev xav zoo uas koj tau txais tom qab koj ua si zoo, thaum koj luag nrog koj cov phooj ywg, lossis thaum koj noj koj cov zaub mov nyiam. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov ntawd feem ntau yog cov tshuaj me me hu ua endorphins uas tsim tawm hauv peb lub cev. Yog li hnub no, cia peb tham ntxiv me ntsis txog cov endorphins no.

Yog li cov endorphins no yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, endorphins yog cov tshuaj (hormones) uas peb lub cev tsim tawm. Yog hais kom meej, lawv tsim tawm hauv peb lub hlwb hu ua "Pituitary gland" thiab "Hypothalamus." Lawv kuj hu ua ib hom "neurotransmitter." Uas yog, lawv zoo li cov tub xa xov me me uas nqa cov lus los ntawm peb lub paj hlwb . Cov endorphins no raug tso tawm los ntawm peb lub cev tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum peb hnov ​​​​​​mob lossis ntxhov siab. Lawv kuj raug tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua si lom zem xws li kev tawm dag zog, tau txais kev zaws, noj ib yam dab tsi qab, lossis muaj kev sib deev. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm endorphins yog kom txo qhov mob, txo kev ntxhov siab, thiab ua rau peb xav zoo. Lo lus "endorphin" kuj tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev nthuav heev. "Endogenous" txhais tau tias "tsim tawm hauv lub cev." "Morphine" yog, raws li koj paub, yog ib qho tshuaj tua mob muaj zog. Yog li ob qho no tau sib xyaw ua ke los ua lub npe "endorphin." Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias, cov no yog peb cov tshuaj tua mob ntuj! Yog vim li cas lawv kuj hu ua " cov tshuaj hormones zoo siab." Lawv ua rau koj xav zoo, koj lub siab zoo siab.

Puas muaj hom endorphins?

Yog lawm, pom tau tias muaj ntau tshaj 20 hom endorphins hauv peb lub cev. Ntawm cov no, hom hu ua "Beta-endorphins" yog hom uas feem ntau pab tswj kev ntxhov siab thiab txo qhov mob. Qhov xav tsis thoob yog tias lub peev xwm txo qhov mob ntawm cov beta-endorphins no tau hais tias muaj zog dua li morphine!

Cov endorphins ua dab tsi rau peb lub cev?

Xav txog tias koj raug mob qhov twg thiab koj hnov ​​mob. Ces koj cov hlab ntsha xa xov mus rau koj lub hlwb hais tias, "Qhov no mob." Lub sijhawm ntawd, lub hlwb tso tawm endorphins, uas thaiv cov hlab ntsha uas tau txais cov lus qhia mob ntawd. Hais yooj yim, nws tiv thaiv koj kom tsis txhob hnov ​​mob.Qhov no tseem ceeb heev, vim nws yog vim li cas peb thiaj li ua tau kom nquag mus txog qee yam, txawm tias thaum peb mob hnyav lossis ntxhov siab. Peb txhua tus sim tshem tawm qhov mob. Yog li, yog tias muaj qee yam ua rau peb zoo siab, peb yuav ua li ntawd ntau dua. Cov endorphins no kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov ntawd thiab.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm endorphins yog dab tsi?

Endorphins muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig rau peb. Kev tshawb fawb pom tias lawv pab tau rau tej yam xws li:
  • Txo cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab : Nws tau pom tias endorphins , tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua si, tuaj yeem txo cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab.
  • Txo kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab: Thaum cov theem endorphin nce ntxiv, nws tau pom tias kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab raug txo qis.
  • Tsim kom muaj kev ntseeg tus kheej zoo: Endorphins tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntseeg siab rau tus kheej thiab tsim kom muaj lub siab zoo txog koj tus kheej.
  • Pab txhawb rau kev poob phaus: Kuj tseem hais tias kev tso tawm ntawm endorphins pab tswj peb txoj kev ntshaw .
  • Txo qhov mob thaum yug menyuam: Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias muaj cov endorphins ntau dua thaum yug menyuam pab daws qhov mob.
Xav txog seb cov tshuaj me me no muaj feem cuam tshuam loj npaum li cas rau peb lub siab thiab lub cev!

Cov endorphins tsim tawm li cas hauv peb lub cev?

Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws los tso cov endorphins yog kev tawm dag zog. Koj tawm dag zog ntau npaum li cas, koj lub cev tsim cov endorphins ntau npaum li ntawd. Muaj ntau tus neeg hais tias thaum lawv khiav, lawv xav tias muaj kev zoo siab thiab kev nplij siab, uas hu ua "kev siab ntawm tus neeg khiav". Qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog endorphins. Tab sis koj tsis tas yuav khiav. Nov yog qee qhov kev tawm dag zog uas tuaj yeem tso cov endorphins tawm:
  • Kev taug kev muaj zog
  • Ua luam dej
  • Kev seev cev
  • Kev taug kev
Dhau li ntawm kev tawm dag zog, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los tso tawm endorphins:

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov tshuaj endorphin qis yog dab tsi?

Tej zaum ib txhia neeg yuav tsis tsim cov endorphins txaus hauv lawv lub cev. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, cov tsos mob xws li cov no yuav tshwm sim:
  • Kev Nyuaj Siab
  • Kev ntxhov siab
  • Mob thiab mob lub cev
  • Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj rau qee yam
  • Teeb meem pw tsaug zog, xws li insomnia
  • Kev ua ub ua no uas tsis xav ua ntej

Tej yam mob twg uas yuav ua rau tsis muaj endorphins?

Koj puas paub tias endorphins pab peb lub cev tso tawm lwm yam neurotransmitter tseem ceeb hu ua dopamine? Cov dopamine no muaj feem cuam tshuam loj rau peb lub siab. Yog li, thaum endorphins qis, dopamine kuj tuaj yeem qis, ua rau muaj mob xws li kev nyuaj siab. Tsis yog li ntawd xwb, tab sis qhov tsis muaj endorphins kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj lwm yam teeb meem:
  • Fibromyalgia: Qhov no yog ib qho mob uas ua rau mob mus sij hawm ntev thoob plaws lub cev.
  • Kev Ua Phem Rau Tus Kheej: Muaj ib txhia neeg ua phem rau lawv tus kheej thaum lawv ntxhov siab. Qhov no yog vim nws tso tawm cov endorphins thiab muab kev pab ib ntus.
  • Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj thaum tawm dag zog: Muaj cov neeg uas quav yeeb quav tshuaj thaum lawv "khiav" thiab lawv tawm dag zog tau ntau teev hauv ib hnub.

Yog li peb yuav ua li cas kom cov theem endorphin nce ntxiv?

Zoo hmoo, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim thiab tso tawm endorphins hauv peb lub cev. Kev tawm dag zog yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm no yog qee yam uas koj tuaj yeem sim ua:
  • Noj ib daim chocolate dub: Tab sis tsis txhob noj ntau dhau!
  • Tsim ib daim duab kos: ib yam dab tsi zoo li kos duab, sau ib zaj nkauj, lossis ua cov tais diav av nplaum.
  • Mloog koj zaj nkauj nyiam: Cov nkauj kuj tuaj yeem hloov peb lub siab.
  • Tau txais kev kho mob acupuncture: Qhov no kuj yog ib txoj kev uas pab tso tawm endorphins.
  • Xav: Qhov no zoo heev rau kev ua kom lub siab tus.
  • Tau txais kev zaws: Nws ua rau lub cev so thiab tso tawm endorphins.
  • Sim 'Aromatherapy': kev kho mob siv cov ntxhiab tsw qab.
  • Luag nrog cov phooj ywg: Lawv hais tias luag yog tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws.
  • Saib koj qhov yeeb yam TV nyiam:Endorphins raug tso tawm txawm tias thaum koj muaj kev lom zem.
  • Pab Dawb: Kev zoo siab uas koj tau txais los ntawm kev pab lwm tus kuj ua rau muaj endorphins ntau ntxiv.

Qhov txawv ntawm endorphins thiab dopamine yog dab tsi?

Endorphins thiab dopamine yog ob yam tshuaj uas ua rau peb xav zoo, tab sis lawv ua haujlwm sib txawv me ntsis. Endorphins yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntuj. Thaum lawv khi rau cov opioid receptors hauv peb lub hlwb, lawv txhawb kom tso tawm dopamine. Piv txwv li, tus neeg khiav qhov mob nqaij raug txo los ntawm endorphins. Tom qab ntawd dopamine raug tso tawm, tsim kom muaj kev zoo siab hu ua tus neeg khiav siab. Dopamine yog qhov txhawb kom peb ua qee yam dua thiab dua. Yog li, endorphins thiab dopamine zoo li cov phooj ywg uas ua haujlwm ua ke.

Puas yog Serotonin kuj yog ib hom endorphin?

Tsis yog. Txawm hais tias endorphins thiab serotonin yog ob yam tshuaj uas ua rau peb zoo siab, lawv ua tej yam sib txawv. Serotonin feem ntau pab kom peb lub siab thiab kev noj qab nyob zoo ruaj khov. Serotonin kuj pab tswj ntau lwm yam hauv peb lub cev. Endorphins feem ntau tsom mus rau kev txo qhov mob thiab kev ntxhov siab.

Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum twg?

Yog tias koj xav tias koj muaj cov tsos mob nram qab no ntawm endorphin deficiency, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd:
  • Kev Nyuaj Siab
  • `Fibromyalgia`
  • Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj tsis tswj tau
  • Kev xav lossis kev ua phem rau tus kheej
Yog koj muaj tej yam no, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav txaj muag lossis ntshai. Koj tuaj yeem tau kev pab los ntawm kev mus nrhiav kev pab kho mob.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

Yog li, tam sim no koj nkag siab tias endorphins tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau peb lub cev. Lawv pab txo qhov mob, tswj kev ntxhov siab, thiab txhim kho peb lub hlwb kev noj qab haus huv .
Nco ntsoov tias, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua kom koj cov endorphins ntau ntxiv. Ua si ib yam dab tsi tshiab, noj zaub mov ntsim (tab sis ua kom me me!), sib deev, luag nrov nrov nrog ib tug phooj ywg, saib ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab lom zem. Tag nrho cov no yuav ua rau koj zoo siab dua.
Yog tias koj muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog koj cov endorphin theem, tsis txhob yig nrog kws kho mob tham txog qhov ntawd. Lawv yuav muab cov lus qhia thiab kev pab uas koj xav tau.
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 7 + 5 =