Ib txoj hlab ntsha tseem ceeb hauv koj lub cev sab saud: txoj hlab ntsha brachiocephalic.

Koj puas tau xav txog seb cov ntshav ncig hauv peb lub cev nyuaj thiab tseem ceeb npaum li cas? Muaj ib txoj hlab ntsha tshwj xeeb uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev coj cov ntshav los ntawm sab saud ntawm peb lub cev, uas yog, los ntawm lub taub hau, caj dab, thiab caj npab mus rau lub plawv. Ib feem tseem ceeb heev ntawm txoj hlab ntsha ntawd hu ua Brachiocephalic Vein . Ib txhia neeg kuj hu nws tias "Innominate Vein". Cia peb tham txog qhov no yooj yim thiab zoo hnub no.

Cov hlab ntsha brachiocephalic no yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, koj cov hlab ntsha brachiocephalic yog ib feem ntawm koj lub cev sab saud lub cev cov ntshav ncig. Nws yog ib txoj hlab ntsha uas muaj khub , txhais tau tias muaj ob txoj hlab ntsha no nyob rau txhua sab ntawm koj lub cev, ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug.

• Cov leeg ntshav Brachiocephalic sab xis
• Cov leeg ntshav sab laug Brachiocephalic

Cov leeg ntshav sab xis thiab sab laug ntawm lub cev no sib koom ua ke los pab nqa cov ntshav uas tsis muaj oxygen los ntawm koj lub cev sab saud, uas yog, koj lub taub hau, caj dab, thiab caj npab, rov qab mus rau koj lub plawv. Xav txog nws zoo li cov kev me me sib koom ua ke los ua ib txoj kev loj.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub cev no yog dab tsi?

Txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm koj cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic, raws li kuv tau hais ua ntej, yog nqa cov ntshav uas tsis muaj oxygen los ntawm koj lub taub hau, caj dab, thiab caj npab rov qab mus rau koj lub plawv. Cov leeg ntshav no yog ob qho me me, tab sis tseem ceeb heev, ntawm lub cev leeg ntshav loj dua uas nqa cov ntshav thoob plaws koj lub cev sab saud. Xav txog nws zoo li lub raj ntev uas muaj ntau qhov sib txuas. Yog tias koj txiav ib feem hauv nruab nrab, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav ntws los ntawm tag nrho lub raj, puas yog? Yog li ntawd tag nrho cov leeg ntshav hauv peb lub cev ua haujlwm ua ke kom cov ntshav txav mus zoo. Txhua cov leeg ntshav pab nqa cov ntshav raws txoj kev zoo, mus rau qhov chaw zoo.

Cov ntshav mus ncig li cas?

Tam sim no cia peb saib seb cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic koom nrog li cas rau qhov loj no. 1. Koj cov leeg ntshav sab xis thiab sab laug brachiocephalic sib koom ua ke los ua ib txoj leeg ntshav loj hu ua koj lub Superior Vena Cava . Qhov no nyob saum koj lub plawv, thiab nws nthuav mus rau hauv qab thiab sau cov ntshav hauv chav sab saud ntawm sab xis ntawm koj lub plawv, lub atrium sab xis . 2. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, koj cov ntshav mus los ntawm sab xis ntawm koj lub plawv mus rau lub ntsws kom khaws cov pa oxygen. 3. Tom qab nws khaws cov pa oxygen, cov ntshav rov qab mus rau lub plawv, thiab tom qab ntawd lub ventricle sab laug twj cov ntshav ntawd thoob plaws koj lub cev. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem pom, cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas pab koj cov ntshav mus los ntawm koj lub plawv, los ntawm koj lub ntsws, thiab thaum kawg thoob plaws koj lub cev.

Cov hlab ntsha brachiocephalic no tsim tau li cas?

Koj cov hlab ntsha subclavian (qhov no yog cov hlab ntsha uas khiav hauv qab lub pob txha caj dab) thiab cov hlab ntsha sab hauv jugular(Qhov no yog ib txoj hlab ntsha loj hauv caj dab) Txoj hlab ntsha brachiocephalic yog tsim los thaum ob txoj hlab ntsha sib koom ua ke. Qhov kev sib koom ua ke no tshwm sim sib cais ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug ntawm koj lub cev.

Cov hlab ntsha brachiocephalic nyob qhov twg?

Cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic no nyob hauv koj lub hauv siab sab saud, tob hauv koj lub cev. Lawv nyob hauv qab koj lub pob txha caj dab (clavicle), ze me ntsis rau koj lub xub pwg nyom. Nov yog lawv pib li cas:

• Cov leeg ntshav sab xis brachiocephalic: Qhov no yog qhov uas koj cov leeg ntshav sab xis subclavian thiab cov leeg ntshav sab xis sab hauv jugular sib koom ua ke. Nws khiav ncaj nraim mus rau hauv qab, mus rau lub plawv .
• Cov leeg ntshav Brachiocephalic sab laug: Qhov no yog qhov uas koj cov leeg ntshav subclavian sab laug thiab cov leeg ntshav sab hauv sab laug jugular sib ntsib. Qhov no ntev dua li lwm qhov me ntsis, thiab nws siv txoj kev sib txawv me ntsis. Nws mus rau kab rov tav, ntawm lub kaum sab xis me ntsis, kom ntsib cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic sab xis. Ntawm txoj kev, nws hla koj lub aortic arch thiab nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm koj cov hlab ntsha carotid ( cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb hauv koj lub caj dab). Tom qab ntawd nws koom nrog cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic sab xis. Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas cov vena cava sab saud pib.

Cov leeg ntshav twg txuas nrog cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic?

Cov ntshav los ntawm ntau cov leeg me me koom nrog cov leeg brachiocephalic no. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog:

• Cov leeg ntshav sab hauv
• Cov leeg ntshav hauv qab clavian
• Cov leeg ntshav sab laug thiab sab xis qis dua ntawm cov thyroid
• Cov leeg ntshav sab laug thiab sab xis sab hauv (tseem hu ua cov leeg ntshav sab hauv ntawm lub mis)
• Cov leeg ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis
• Cov leeg ntshav sab laug sab saud

Tag nrho cov hlab ntsha no nqa cov ntshav uas tau poob oxygen thiab xav tau rov qab mus rau lub plawv.

Cov leeg ntshav no loj npaum li cas?

Koj cov leeg ntshav sab xis thiab sab laug brachiocephalic loj me ntsis sib txawv.

• Cov leeg ntshav sab xis ntawm lub taub hau brachiocephalic ntev li ntawm 2 txog 3 centimeters. Xav txog nws, nws ntev li ntawm ob lub tshuaj aspirin ib txwm muab tso ua ke.
• Cov leeg ntshav sab laug brachiocephalic ntev dua, kwv yees li 6 centimeters.

Cov hlab ntsha brachiocephalic ua los ntawm dab tsi?

Ib yam li koj cov leeg ntshav lwm yam, cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic no muaj peb txheej uas muaj peb hom nqaij thiab cov fibers:

• Tunica Adventitia (txheej sab nraud tshaj plaws): Qhov no yog qhov ua rau cov leeg ntshav nws cov duab thiab cov qauv.
• Tunica Media (txheej nruab nrab):Nws muaj cov leeg nqaij ntshiv du. Cov no yog cov uas ua rau cov leeg ntshav dav lossis nqaim thaum cov ntshav ntws los ntawm nws.
• Tunica Intima (txheej sab hauv kawg): Qhov no muaj ib daim ntaub uas ua los ntawm cov hlwb endothelial du. Qhov no tso cai rau cov ntshav txav tau yooj yim los ntawm cov leeg ntshav yam tsis muaj kev thaiv.

Qhov tseem ceeb, cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic tsis muaj cov qhov (valve) zoo li feem ntau ntawm koj cov leeg ntshav lwm yam. Cov qhov tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov ntshav kom tsis txhob ntws rov qab.

Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev ntawm cov hlab ntsha brachiocephalic yog dab tsi?

Muaj ib txhia neeg yug los nrog qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev hauv lawv cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic. Ib qho ntawm cov feem ntau yog cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic retroaortic . Qhov no tshwm sim thaum cov leeg ntshav sab laug brachiocephalic khiav hauv qab aortic arch es tsis yog hla nws, zoo li nws ib txwm ua. Yog li, es tsis txhob khiav pem hauv ntej ntawm koj lub aorta ascending ( thawj ntu ntawm koj lub aorta), cov leeg ntshav no khiav tom qab nws. Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic no tshwm sim rau kwv yees li 1 ntawm 250 tus menyuam mos. Yog tias cov kev hloov pauv no tsuas yog muaj xwb, uas yog, yog tias tsis muaj lwm yam kab mob plawv, lawv feem ntau tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Tab sis feem ntau cov kev hloov pauv no pom muaj rau cov menyuam mos uas muaj kab mob plawv yug los (CHD) . Qee cov kab mob no yog:

• Aortic Arch Variations, xws li Double Aortic Arch.
• Cov qhov ntawm lub atria lossis ntawm cov ventricles (Atrial Septal Defects lossis Ventricular Septal Defects)
• Coarctation ntawm lub aorta.
• Tetralogy of Fallot (tetralogy of Fallot) ...
• Tag Nrho Cov Kab Mob Venous Rov Qab Los Ntawm Lub Plawv Uas Txawv Txawv.
• Truncus Arteriosus.

Kwv yees li ntawm 60% ntawm cov mob no muaj mob CHD me me xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, qee tus menyuam mos yuav muaj mob CHD hnyav uas yuav tsum tau kho lossis phais.

Vim li cas cov kev hloov no thiaj tseem ceeb?

Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic no tseem ceeb heev yog tias koj xav tau kev phais lossis kev kho mob. Piv txwv li:

• Thaum txuas nrog lub tshuab cardiopulmonary bypass (lub tshuab plawv-ntsws).
• Thaum muab lub pacemaker tso rau hauv.

Qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog tias thaum koj ua tej yam zoo li no, koj cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic lossis thaj chaw ib puag ncig tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, koj tus kws kho mob yuav ua tej yam xws li "Kev Ntsuas Duab" los saib koj lub cev ua ntej ua tej yam zoo li no. Tom qab ntawd, lawv yuav hloov kho thaum ua qhov phais lossis txheej txheem raws li qhov xav tau.

Cov mob dab tsi cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha brachiocephalic?

Muaj ntau yam mob uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha brachiocephalic:

• Teeb Meem ntawm Txoj Kev Siv Txoj Hlab Ntshav Hauv Nruab Nrab: Cov kws kho mob qee zaum siv koj txoj hlab ntshav brachiocephalic rau kev nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntshav hauv nruab nrab. Qhov no txhais tau tias yuav tsum muab ib lub raj nyias nyias, yoog tau ntxig rau hauv cov hlab ntshav no kom muab kua dej lossis tshuaj rau koj. Teeb meem uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog qhov no suav nrog kev tawg ntawm cov hlab ntshav lossis cov hlab ntshav tob ntawm sab saud. Tsis tshua muaj, tej yam zoo li pseudoaneurysms kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
• Kev Mob Ntshav Qaug: Qee cov kev kho mob tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg ntshav no nqaim. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom ntxuav ntshav , koj tus kws kho mob yuav tsim ib qho arteriovenous fistula (ib hom hlab ntsha uas txuas cov hlab ntsha rau cov leeg ntshav) kom ua rau kev ntxuav ntshav yooj yim dua. Qhov no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic. Kev mob ntshav qaug yog ib qho teeb meem tsis tshua muaj ntawm cov txheej txheem no.
• Cov qog nqaij hlav: Cov qog nqaij hlav mediastinal thawj zaug tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg ntshav no loj hlob thiab thaiv cov ntshav ntws, lossis nws tuaj yeem yog los ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav mis metastatic uas tau kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

Cov kws kho mob siv cov kev kuaj dab tsi los kuaj cov leeg ntshav no?

Cov kws kho mob yuav siv cov kev kuaj mob zoo li no los xyuas seb puas muaj teeb meem nrog koj cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic, xws li:

• Kev Siv Ultrasound Ob Chav
• Kev Ntsuas CT (Computed Tomography - CT Scan)
• Kev Siv Tshuab MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI )
• Venogram (kev kuaj mob X-ray tshwj xeeb ntawm cov leeg ntshav)

Yog li peb yuav ua li cas kom cov leeg ntshav brachiocephalic no noj qab nyob zoo?

Los ntawm kev ua raws li txoj kev ua neej noj qab haus huv rau lub plawv, koj tuaj yeem ua kom tag nrho koj cov hlab ntsha, suav nrog cov hlab ntsha brachiocephalic no, ua haujlwm tau zoo. Nov yog ob peb lub tswv yim:

• Tso tseg kev haus luam yeeb thiab txhua yam khoom uas muaj luam yeeb. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev.
• Haus dej ntau. Haus dej kom txaus txhua hnub yog qhov zoo rau lub cev.
• Noj cov khoom noj uas zoo rau lub plawv.Qhov no yuav pab tswj koj cov ntshav siab, cov roj cholesterol, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm koj lub cev.
• Mus taug kev. Sim taug kev li 30 feeb tsawg kawg yog tsib hnub hauv ib lub lim tiam. Tab sis nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej pib ua ib qho kev tawm dag zog tshiab.
• Txav mus los me ntsis thoob plaws hnub. So me ntsis ntawm kev zaum twj ywm thiab txav koj lub cev yuav pab txhim kho cov ntshav ncig.

Thaum kawg, tej yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov

Koj cov hlab ntsha brachiocephalic yog ib feem tseem ceeb heev ntawm koj lub cev ncig ntshav. Nws yog qhov uas nqa cov ntshav uas tsis muaj oxygen los ntawm koj lub cev sab saud rov qab mus rau koj lub plawv. Yog li, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua txhua yam koj ua tau kom koj cov hlab ntsha brachiocephalic, thiab tag nrho koj cov hlab ntsha, noj qab nyob zoo.

Kev ua raws li cov cwj pwm noj qab haus huv rau lub plawv tuaj yeem pab koj cov hlab ntsha ua haujlwm zoo dua rau ntau xyoo tom ntej. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog kev hloov pauv uas koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj txoj kev ua neej txhua hnub. Nws lossis nws tuaj yeem muab cov lus qhia zoo tshaj plaws rau koj.

Yog li ntawd, kuv vam tias cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab tau koj. Kev paub txog cov kab ke zoo kawg no hauv peb lub cev ua rau peb xav kom lawv noj qab nyob zoo, puas yog?