Peb txhua tus feem ntau hnov tej yam zoo li 'cholesterol siab' thiab 'cov hlab ntsha txhaws'. Tab sis koj puas tau xav tias qhov no tshwm sim li cas hauv peb lub cev? Peb cov hlab ntsha zoo li txoj kev hauv peb lub cev rau kev ncig ntshav. Cov kev no nqa cov ntshav huv si uas muaj oxygen ntau los ntawm peb lub plawv mus rau cov kab mob thoob plaws peb lub cev. Xav txog, yuav ua li cas yog tias cov kev no maj mam txhaws nrog cov rog thiab cov khib nyiab? Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb hu ua atherosclerosis hauv kev kho mob.
Hauv lwm lo lus, atherosclerosis yog dab tsi?
Kab mob Atherosclerosis yog qhov uas cov rog, cov roj cholesterol, calcium, thiab lwm yam khoom sib sau ua ke hauv peb cov hlab ntsha (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlab ntsha) los ua ib daim 'plaque' . Qhov no hu ua 'atheroma' hauv kev kho mob. Thaum daim plaque no maj mam loj hlob, cov hlab ntsha phab ntsa yuav tuab thiab tawv. Peb hu qhov no ua "kev ua kom cov hlab ntsha tawv" lossis "kev ua kom cov hlab ntsha tawv".
Qhov txaus ntshai txog qhov no yog tias cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim ntsiag to heev, tsis muaj tsos mob thaum ntxov. Tej zaum koj yuav tsis pom muaj kev hloov pauv rau ntau xyoo. Tab sis dhau sijhawm, cov plaque no loj hlob thiab ua rau lub lumen (qhov chaw uas cov ntshav ntws) hauv cov hlab ntsha nqaim.
Xav txog ib txoj kev plaub txoj kab uas raug txo kom tsawg dua ib txoj kab vim muaj tsheb coob heev. Cov ntshav ntws tau txo qis heev. Qhov no txhais tau tias peb cov kab mob tsis tau txais cov pa oxygen thiab cov as-ham uas lawv xav tau. Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog tias cov hlab ntsha no tuaj yeem tawg tam sim ntawd vim yog cov ntshav ntws sai. Thaum qhov ntawd tshwm sim, peb lub cev tsim cov ntshav txhaws los kho qhov txhab.
Yog tias cov hlab ntsha nqaim zoo li txoj kev uas raug thaiv, cov ntshav txhaws zoo li ib qho teeb meem nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm txoj kev ntawd. Nws tuaj yeem nres cov ntshav ntws tag nrho.
Thaum cov ntshav ntws raug thaiv li no, yuav ua li cas? Nws nyob ntawm seb qhov twg cov ntshav txhaws. Piv txwv li, yog tias nws tshwm sim hauv cov hlab ntsha coronary uas xa cov ntshav mus rau lub plawv, lub plawv yuav tsis tau txais oxygen txaus, ua rau lub plawv nres .
Tus mob no feem ntau tshwm sim li cas?
Kab mob Atherosclerosis yog ib yam mob uas neeg feem ntau ntsib. Cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov rog hauv cov hlab ntsha, xws li mob plawv thiab mob hlwb, yog cov ua rau neeg tuag coob tshaj plaws thoob ntiaj teb. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias ntau tus neeg hnub nyoog nruab nrab muaj tus mob no, tab sis kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm lawv tsis paub txog qhov no.
Cov tsos mob ntawm qhov no yog dab tsi?
Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej lawm, tsis muaj tsos mob thaum ntxov. Cov tsos mob pib tshwm sim thaum cov hlab ntsha raug thaiv ntau dua 70%. Cov neeg feem coob tsuas pom tias lawv muaj tus mob no tom qab muaj xwm txheej ceev, xws li mob plawv nres lossis mob hlwb.
Nyob ntawm seb cov hlab ntsha puas raug thaiv qhov twg, cov tsos mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau ntau qhov ntawm lub cev.
| Qhov chaw ntawm lub cev uas raug kev txom nyem | Cov tsos mob uas yuav tshwm sim |
|---|---|
| Lub plawv (Kab Mob Hlwb Hauv Lub Plawv) |
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| Kev zom zaub mov (Mesenteric Ischemia) |
|
| Ceg thiab taw (Kab Mob Ntawm Cov Hlab Ntxwm) |
|
| Cov raum (Kev Mob Raum Artery Stenosis) |
|
| Lub hlwb (Kab Mob Carotid Artery) |
|
Vim li cas cov hlab ntsha thiaj li raug thaiv zoo li no? Dab tsi yog cov ua rau?
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias muaj ntau yam ua rau mob atherosclerosis.
- Cov roj cholesterol phem (LDL) thiab triglycerides ntau ntxiv.
- Kev siv cov khoom luam yeeb (haus luam yeeb).
- Ntshav siab.
- Mob ntshav qab zib.
Cov yam no tuaj yeem ua rau lub txheej sab hauv peb cov hlab ntsha (endothelium) puas tsuaj. Qhov kev puas tsuaj no yog qhov pib ntawm atherosclerosis. Qhov kev puas tsuaj no tsis tshwm sim ib hmos, tab sis tshwm sim ntev heev.
Cia peb saib cov kauj ruam ntawm cov txheej txheem no kom meej.
Qhov no yog ib qho txheej txheem uas tau ua mus ntau xyoo lawm. Cov no yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb.
1. Kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev: Tej yam xws li cov roj cholesterol ntau, cov tshuaj lom hauv cov luam yeeb, thiab cov ntshav siab tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha sab hauv puas tsuaj . Thaum qhov kev puas tsuaj no tshwm sim, cov qe ntshav dawb raug rub mus rau thaj chaw ntawd. Cov qe ntshav no sib sau ua ke thiab ua rau mob hauv cov hlab ntsha.
2. Kev tsim cov rog kab: Qhov no yog thawj qhov cim pom ntawm atherosclerosis. Cov qe ntshav dawb uas tau tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw puas tsuaj sim tshem tawm cov khoom me me ntawm cov roj cholesterol los ntawm kev noj lawv. Cov qe ntshav uas muaj roj cholesterol no hu ua 'cov qe ua npuas ncauj'. Thaum lawv tuag, lawv tawm ib txoj kab daj lossis ib qho chaw ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
3. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov quav hniav:Thaum cov hlwb tuag thiab lwm yam khib nyiab txuas ntxiv sib sau ua ke, lub pob me me uas muaj roj yuav maj mam loj hlob mus ua ib daim plaque loj dua. Tom qab ntawd, ib lub hau fibrous ntawm cov hlwb nqaij ntshiv du yuav tsim nyob ib puag ncig daim plaque no. Qhov no tiv thaiv cov daim plaque kom tsis txhob tawg thiab sib sau ua ke hauv cov ntshav. Thaum daim plaque no loj hlob tuaj, qhov chaw rau cov ntshav ntws yuav nqaim dua.
4. Cov Plaque tawg: Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Cov plaque uas nyob ib puag ncig cov plaque tuaj yeem tawg tam sim ntawd. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, cov ntshav txhaws tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawd. Cov ntshav txhaws no thaiv cov hlab ntsha tag nrho, ua rau cov ntshav ntws tsis tau. Qhov no yog qhov ua rau mob plawv lossis mob hlwb.
Cov yam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo no yog dab tsi?
Muaj ntau yam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob atherosclerosis. Qee yam ntawm cov no peb hloov tau, tab sis qee yam, xws li hnub nyoog, peb hloov tsis tau.
| Qhov ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo | Kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej | Cov txiv neej hnub nyoog tshaj 45 xyoo thiab cov poj niam hnub nyoog tshaj 55 xyoo muaj feem yuav mob ntau dua. |
| Keeb kwm tsev neeg | Yog tias ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg tau muaj kab mob plawv (ua ntej hnub nyoog 45 xyoos rau cov txiv neej, ua ntej hnub nyoog 55 xyoos rau cov poj niam), koj kuj muaj feem yuav mob plawv ntau dua. |
| Kab mob ntshav qab zib | Cov ntshav qab zib ntau ua rau cov hlab ntsha puas tsuaj. |
| Ntshav siab (Tshuaj ntshav siab) | Thaum lub siab nce ntxiv, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hlab ntsha yuav raug puas tsuaj thiab cov rog yuav raug tso ntau ntxiv. |
| Cov roj cholesterol ntau (Hyperlipidemia) | Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov roj cholesterol phem (LDL). |
| Haus luam yeeb | Cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov luam yeeb ua rau cov hlab ntsha puas tsuaj ncaj qha. |
| Tsis tawm dag zog | Kev tsis tawm dag zog ua rau rog dhau, roj cholesterol ntau, thiab ntshav siab. |
| Kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv | Kev noj zaub mov uas muaj roj saturated, trans fat, ntsev, thiab qab zib ntau. |
Cov teeb meem dab tsi uas yuav tshwm sim ntawm atherosclerosis?
Kev ntshav tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem loj. Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog:
- Kab mob plawv
- Mob plawv nres
- Lub plawv dhia tsis zoo (Arrhythmia)
- Lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm
- Mob stroke
- Kev tawm tsam ischemic transient (TIA)
- Kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha peripheral
- Kab mob raum ntev (CKD)
- Ua rau cov hlab ntsha tsis muaj zog, ua rau lawv o (aneurysms) thiab tawg.
Kev kuaj mob thiab kho mob thaum ntxov ntawm tus mob no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lossis ncua cov teeb meem txaus ntshai no.
Yuav kuaj mob li cas?
Koj tus kws kho mob yuav ua raws li ob peb kauj ruam los kuaj mob no lossis xam koj qhov kev pheej hmoo rau nws.
1. Kev kuaj lub cev tag nrho: Qhov no suav nrog kev siv lub stethoscope los mloog koj lub plawv thiab lub suab ntshav ntws los ntawm koj cov hlab ntsha. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj hnov lub suab "whooshing" ("bruit") thaum mloog cov hlab ntsha carotid hauv koj lub caj dab, nws yuav yog ib qho cim ntawm cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov hlab ntsha.
2. Nug txog koj keeb kwm kev kho mob thiab keeb kwm tsev neeg: Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem pab ntsuas koj qhov kev pheej hmoo.
3. Nug txog koj txoj kev ua neej: Nug txog tej yam xws li koj puas haus luam yeeb thiab koj cov zaub mov zoo li cas.
4. Kev txiav txim siab kuaj ntshav: Cov no tuaj yeem qhia koj ntau yam txog koj cov roj cholesterol, cov piam thaj, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv.
Kev kuaj xyuas kom paub tseeb tias muaj mob
Qee zaum, yuav tsum tau kuaj ntxiv kom paub meej tias muaj tus kab mob thiab npaj kev kho mob.
- Angiography: Ib qho kev kuaj uas siv cov duab X-ray tshwj xeeb thiab cov xim zas kom pom tseeb qhov twg thiab ntau npaum li cas cov hlab ntsha raug thaiv.
- ECG (Electrocardiogram): Ntsuas qhov ua haujlwm hluav taws xob, tus nqi, thiab lub suab ntawm lub plawv.
- Echocardiogram: Thaij duab ntawm cov qhov plawv thiab cov chav kom pom tias lub plawv nqus ntshav tau zoo npaum li cas.
- Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntxhov siab thaum tawm dag zog: Koj lub plawv dhia raug ntsuas thaum koj tawm dag zog (taug kev saum lub treadmill).
- Kev Ntsuas Ultrasound: Qhov kev kuaj no yog siv los xyuas seb cov hlab ntsha hauv caj dab (Carotid ultrasound) lossis lub plab (Abdominal ultrasound) puas tuab thiab seb lawv puas muaj cov rog seem.
- CT scan: Daim scan no thaij duab sab hauv lub cev thiab tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov tuab thiab nqaim ntawm cov hlab ntsha loj.
Yuav kho li cas?
Kev kho mob rau cov kab mob atherosclerosis suav nrog kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej, tshuaj, thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, phais lossis lwm yam kev kho mob. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav tsim ib txoj kev npaj kho mob uas zoo tshaj plaws rau koj.
1. Kev hloov pauv txoj kev ua neej
Cov no yog cov yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem.
- Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb txhua yam. Yog koj haus luam yeeb, tso tseg tam sim ntawd.
- Noj zaub mov kom zoo rau lub plawv. Zoo tshaj yog noj zaub mov Mediterranean uas muaj ntau yam zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, taum pauv, ntses, thiab cov rog zoo xws li roj txiv roj, thiab tsis txhob noj nqaij liab thiab cov khoom noj uas ua tiav lawm.
- Ua si nawv txhua hnub. Pib nrog kev taug kev luv luv thiab ua kom txog thaum ua si nawv tsawg kawg 30 feeb hauv ib hnub, feem ntau hnub hauv ib lub lim tiam.
2. Cov tshuaj (hom tshuaj)
Cov tshuaj yuav pab tswj cov yam uas ua rau muaj roj ntau dhau. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom ua li no:
- Cov tshuaj txo cov roj cholesterol (piv txwv li, statins).
- Tshuaj txo cov ntshav siab.
- Cov tshuaj uas tswj cov ntshav qab zib.
- Cov tshuaj uas tiv thaiv cov ntshav txhaws (piv txwv li, aspirin) yuav raug sau ntawv kom noj.
3. Cov kev kho mob thiab kev phais
Yog tias cov hlab ntsha raug thaiv hnyav heev lossis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem siab, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov kev kho mob no.
- Angioplasty thiab Stent placement: Ib txoj kev kho mob uas muab ib lub npas me me ntxig rau hauv cov hlab ntsha uas raug txhaws, muab lub tshuab cua kom cov hlab ntsha dav dua, thiab muab ib lub raj me me zoo li daim ntaub mesh (stent) ntxig rau hauv kom tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob kaw dua.
- Kev Hloov Pauv Cov Hlwb Hauv Lub Cev (CABG): Ib txoj kev kho mob los hloov cov hlab ntsha uas raug thaiv thiab tsim ib txoj hlab ntsha tshiab los ntawm kev siv ib daim ntshav uas tau los ntawm lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.
Koj yuav tsum ua li cas?
Tsis txhob ntshai yog tias koj pom tias koj muaj tus mob no. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua haujlwm nrog koj tus kws kho mob.
- Mus rau cov chaw kho mob raws sijhawm teem tseg raws li nws qhia koj.
- Xyuas koj cov ntshav siab, cov roj cholesterol, thiab cov piam thaj tsis tu ncua thiab tswj lawv kom zoo.
- Yog tias muaj cov tsos mob tshiab tshwm sim los yog cov tsos mob uas twb muaj lawm hloov pauv, qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
- Saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb thiab. Nws yog ib qho ib txwm muaj uas yuav ntxhov siab thiab ntshai thaum nyob nrog tus mob zoo li no. Tham nrog koj tsev neeg, cov phooj ywg, lossis tus kws pab tswv yim txog qhov no yog tias tsim nyog.
Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus rau Chav Kho Mob Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev (ETU)?
Yog tias koj lossis ib tug neeg nyob ze koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob plawv nres (mob hauv siab hnyav, ua pa nyuaj, mob mus rau sab caj npab laug) lossis mob stroke (qaug zog rau ib sab ntawm lub ntsej muag, hais lus nyuaj, tsis nco qab rau ib sab ntawm lub cev) , hu rau 1990 tam sim ntawd kom tau tsheb thauj neeg mob lossis mus rau chav kho mob ceev (ETU) ze tshaj plaws. Cov no yog cov xwm txheej ceev uas xav tau kev kho mob tam sim ntawd.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Atherosclerosis yog ib qho mob ntsiag to, tab sis txaus ntshai heev uas tshwm sim hauv cov hlab ntsha.
- Cov roj cholesterol ntau, ntshav siab, ntshav qab zib, thiab haus luam yeeb yog cov yam tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo.
- Qhov kev pheej hmoo no tuaj yeem txo tau ntau los ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo, kev tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua , thiab kev zam kev haus luam yeeb.
- Yog tias koj muaj kev pheej hmoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau mus kuaj mob ntxiv, txawm tias koj tsis muaj tsos mob dab tsi los xij.
- Tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob plawv nres lossis mob hlwb. Nws yog ib qho xwm txheej ceev. Nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus