Skip to main content

Koj lossis koj tus menyuam puas muaj mob thalassemia? Cia peb tham txog Beta Thalassemia

Koj lossis koj tus menyuam puas muaj mob thalassemia? Cia peb tham txog Beta Thalassemia

Koj puas ib txwm xav tias nkees thiab qaug zog? Qee zaum peb xav tias tej yam no yog ib txwm muaj, tab sis tom qab lawv tej zaum yuav muaj kab mob ntsig txog ntshav. Beta Thalassemia yog ib yam kab mob uas tau kis los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam hauv peb cov noob caj noob ces, tab sis nws tuaj yeem kho tau. Muaj ntau tus neeg ntshai thiab tsis ntseeg txog qhov no. Yog li hnub no, cia peb tham txog qhov no kom meej thiab yooj yim.

Hais yooj yim xwb, beta thalassemia yog dab tsi?

Nws yooj yim heev. Peb muaj cov qe ntshav hauv peb cov ntshav hu ua cov qe ntshav liab. Cov qe ntshav no muaj lub luag haujlwm nqa cov pa oxygen mus rau txhua qhov ntawm peb lub cev. Muaj ib qho protein tshwj xeeb uas pab cov qe ntshav liab ua txoj haujlwm no kom raug, hu ua hemoglobin .

Tam sim no, rau ib tug neeg uas muaj beta thalassemia, lub cev tsis tsim cov protein no hu ua hemoglobin txaus. Tom qab ntawd yuav ua li cas? Cov qe ntshav liab ua tsis tau lawv txoj haujlwm zoo, thiab lawv raug rhuav tshem sai sai.

Thaum tsis muaj cov qe ntshav liab txaus, lub cev yuav tsis tau txais cov pa oxygen uas nws xav tau. Peb hu qhov mob no ua ntshav tsis txaus (anemia ). Ntshav tsis txaus ua rau koj nkees, qaug zog, thiab ua tsis taus pa. Yog tias qhov mob no txuas ntxiv mus, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob tseem ceeb hauv peb lub cev puas tsuaj.

Cov hom beta thalassemia tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?

Muaj peb hom beta thalassemia tseem ceeb, nyob ntawm seb lawv hnyav npaum li cas. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nkag siab qhov no kom meej.

Hom kab mob Thalassemia Piav qhia yooj yim
Beta thalassemia me me Qhov no yog hom kab mob uas tsis hnyav tshaj plaws. Tej zaum ib txhia neeg yuav tsis muaj tsos mob li, lossis tsuas yog muaj ntshav tsis txaus xwb. Ib txhia neeg mus tas lawv lub neej yam tsis paub tias lawv muaj cov noob caj noob ces. Qhov no kuj hu ua tus cwj pwm thalassemia.
Beta thalassemia intermediaQhov no yog ib qho mob nruab nrab. Cov neeg no yuav muaj cov tsos mob vim yog ntshav tsis txaus. Qee zaum, kev kho mob xws li kev hloov ntshav yuav tsum tau ua.
Beta thalassemia loj Qhov no yog theem mob hnyav tshaj plaws. Kuj hu ua 'Cooley's anemia'. Cov neeg no tuaj yeem muaj mob anemia hnyav uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Yog li ntawd, kev hloov ntshav tsis tu ncua thiab kev kho mob tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog dab tsi?

Cov tsos mob yuav txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg, nyob ntawm seb koj muaj hom thalassemia li cas thiab nws hnyav npaum li cas.

  • Ib tug neeg uas muaj tus kab mob thalassemia me yuav tsis muaj tsos mob dab tsi li.
  • Cov neeg uas muaj thalassemia intermedia thiab major yuav muaj ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
  • Tawv nqaij dawb: Tawv nqaij zoo li dawb thiab tsis muaj xim vim tsis muaj ntshav.
  • Qaug zog thiab tsis muaj zog heev: Xav tias qaug zog, nkees tas li.
  • Mob plab: Lub plab tawm mus rau pem hauv ntej vim yog qhov loj ntawm cov kabmob xws li lub siab thiab tus po.
  • Cov zis xim tsaus: Cov zis yuav tsaus dua.
  • Kev loj hlob qeeb: Cov menyuam yaus txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev tshwm sim qeeb dua li lwm tus menyuam.
  • Cov pob txha ntsej muag tsis zoo: Hauv qee kis mob hnyav, muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov duab ntawm cov pob txha ntsej muag.
  • Jaundice: Daj ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab dawb ntawm lub qhov muag.

Yog tias ib tug me nyuam yaus feem ntau mob thaum tseem hluas, tsis kam noj mov, lossis dawb paug, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo mloog thiab nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham .

Yuav kuaj mob li cas?

Feem ntau tus kab mob no raug kuaj pom thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 thiab 12 xyoos. Koj tuaj yeem kuaj pom nws los ntawm kev ua yuam kev thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob vim yog cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis muaj ntshav txaus, lossis thaum lub sijhawm kuaj ntshav ib txwm ua rau lwm yam laj thawj.

Qee zaum, thaum koj pom tias koj muaj ntshav tsis txaus, koj yuav xav yuam kev tias qhov ua rau yog vim tsis muaj hlau txaus. Yog tias koj muab cov tshuaj hlau rau lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg mob thalassemia puas tsuaj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob ntshav kom kuaj mob kom raug.

Vim nws kis tau rau hauv tsev neeg, tej zaum yuav muaj cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob thalassemia hauv koj tsev neeg lossis cov txheeb ze. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg los ntawm cov teb chaws xws li Asia, Middle East, Ltalis, thiab Greece.

Qee qhov kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb uas siv los kuaj mob yog:

  • Kev suav ntshav tag nrho (CBC): Qhov no xyuas tus lej, qhov loj me, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, thiab cov platelets hauv koj cov ntshav.
  • Hemoglobin electrophoresis: Qhov no yog siv los nrhiav seb hom hemoglobin twg nyob hauv koj cov ntshav thiab muaj pes tsawg.
  • Kev kuaj rau cov niam cev xeeb tub: Yog tias niam cev xeeb tub muaj tus kab mob thalassemia, kev kuaj xws li Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) lossis Amniocentesis tuaj yeem ua tau los txiav txim siab seb tus menyuam hauv plab puas tau raug cuam tshuam.

Cov kev kho mob yog dab tsi?

Kev kho mob uas koj yuav tau txais yuav nyob ntawm koj hom mob thalassemia thiab nws qhov hnyav.

  • Rau cov neeg uas muaj mob me me (Me): Tej zaum yuav tsis tas yuav kho mob.
  • Rau cov neeg uas muaj mob theem nrab: Qee zaum, xws li thaum muaj mob lossis kis kab mob, yuav tsum tau hloov ntshav.
  • Rau cov neeg mob hnyav (Loj): Vim tias cov neeg no muaj ntshav tsis txaus, kev hloov ntshav tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Kev pub ntshav ntau zaus tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev muaj hlau ntau dhau. Qhov no hu ua "Iron overload." Cov hlau ntau dhau no tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke hauv cov kabmob xws li lub plawv thiab lub siab thiab ua rau lawv puas tsuaj. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, kev kho mob tau ua los tshem tawm cov hlau ntau dhau ntawm lub cev. Nws hu ua iron chelation therapy . Qhov no yog muab ua tshuaj lossis txhaj tshuaj.

Ntxiv rau, cov kev kho mob hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv tau raws li koj tus kws kho mob hais:

  • Kev phais tshem tawm cov noob qes.
  • Kev hloov pob txha .
  • Kev kho mob niaj hnub xws li kev kho mob gene .

Yuav ua li cas thiaj li noj qab nyob zoo nrog thalassemia?

Txawm hais tias kev nyob nrog thalassemia tuaj yeem nyuaj, muaj ntau yam koj tuaj yeem ua tau los saib xyuas koj tus kheej.

Tej yam koj ua tau

  • Kev noj zaub mov zoo: Noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub ntau ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, nug koj tus kws kho mob seb koj puas yuav tsum txwv cov khoom noj uas muaj hlau ntau (nqaij, ntses, qee cov zaub, thiab cov nplej uas muaj hlau ntxiv) .
  • Kev tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua: Ua kom koj lub cev tawm dag zog me me xws li kev taug kev thiab caij tsheb kauj vab.
  • Ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia: Ua raws li koj cov hnub pub ntshav thiab cov sijhawm noj tshuaj raws nraim. Mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob raws li cov hnub teem tseg.
  • Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob: Ntxuav koj txhais tes ntau zaus. Nyob deb ntawm cov neeg mob.
  • Mus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: Mus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas koj tus kws kho mob pom zoo, xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas, raws sijhawm.
  • Xav txog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb: Nws nyuaj rau koj mus dhau qhov kev taug kev no ib leeg. Tham nrog koj tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg. Yog tias tsim nyog, nrhiav kev pab los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb lossis tus kws kho mob hlwb.

Cov lus qhia rau cov neeg saib xyuas

Yog tias koj yog tus saib xyuas ib tug menyuam lossis ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg uas muaj tus kab mob thalassemia, koj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev.

Koj tus cwj pwm zoo yog lub zog loj rau koj tus menyuam. Ib txwm qhia rau koj tus menyuam tias, "Koj muaj zog npaum li cas los ua neej nrog qhov no." Nco ntsoov tias ua tsaug rau cov kev kho mob tshiab, cov neeg mob thalassemia tuaj yeem ua neej ntev thiab muaj kev vam meej.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

  • Beta thalassemia yog ib qho kab mob ntshav uas tau los ntawm noob caj ces, tab sis kho tau.
  • Muaj ntau theem ntawm qhov no, los ntawm qib me mus rau qib loj.
  • Rau cov neeg mob uas muaj mob hnyav (loj heev), kev hloov ntshav tsis tu ncua (kev pub ntshav) thiab kev kho mob chelation yog qhov tseem ceeb.
  • Yog tias muaj kev kho mob zoo thiab ua neej zoo, cov neeg mob thalassemia tuaj yeem ua neej ntev, noj qab nyob zoo, thiab vam meej.
  • Yog koj lossis koj tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob lossis tsis paub meej, mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd kom tau txais lus qhia.

Beta Thalassemia, teeb meem ntshav, ntshav tsis txaus, hemoglobin, Cooley's Anemia
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 7 + 6 =
Koj lossis koj tus menyuam puas muaj mob thalassemia? Cia peb tham txog Beta Thalassemia

Koj lossis koj tus menyuam puas muaj mob thalassemia? Cia peb tham txog Beta Thalassemia

Koj puas ib txwm xav tias nkees thiab qaug zog? Qee zaum peb xav tias tej yam no yog ib txwm muaj, tab sis tom qab lawv tej zaum yuav muaj kab mob ntsig txog ntshav. Beta Thalassemia yog ib yam kab mob uas tau kis los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam hauv peb cov noob caj noob ces, tab sis nws tuaj yeem kho tau. Muaj ntau tus neeg ntshai thiab tsis ntseeg txog qhov no. Yog li hnub no, cia peb tham txog qhov no kom meej thiab yooj yim.

Hais yooj yim xwb, beta thalassemia yog dab tsi?

Nws yooj yim heev. Peb muaj cov qe ntshav hauv peb cov ntshav hu ua cov qe ntshav liab. Cov qe ntshav no muaj lub luag haujlwm nqa cov pa oxygen mus rau txhua qhov ntawm peb lub cev. Muaj ib qho protein tshwj xeeb uas pab cov qe ntshav liab ua txoj haujlwm no kom raug, hu ua hemoglobin .

Tam sim no, rau ib tug neeg uas muaj beta thalassemia, lub cev tsis tsim cov protein no hu ua hemoglobin txaus. Tom qab ntawd yuav ua li cas? Cov qe ntshav liab ua tsis tau lawv txoj haujlwm zoo, thiab lawv raug rhuav tshem sai sai.

Thaum tsis muaj cov qe ntshav liab txaus, lub cev yuav tsis tau txais cov pa oxygen uas nws xav tau. Peb hu qhov mob no ua ntshav tsis txaus (anemia ). Ntshav tsis txaus ua rau koj nkees, qaug zog, thiab ua tsis taus pa. Yog tias qhov mob no txuas ntxiv mus, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob tseem ceeb hauv peb lub cev puas tsuaj.

Cov hom beta thalassemia tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?

Muaj peb hom beta thalassemia tseem ceeb, nyob ntawm seb lawv hnyav npaum li cas. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nkag siab qhov no kom meej.

Hom kab mob Thalassemia Piav qhia yooj yim
Beta thalassemia me me Qhov no yog hom kab mob uas tsis hnyav tshaj plaws. Tej zaum ib txhia neeg yuav tsis muaj tsos mob li, lossis tsuas yog muaj ntshav tsis txaus xwb. Ib txhia neeg mus tas lawv lub neej yam tsis paub tias lawv muaj cov noob caj noob ces. Qhov no kuj hu ua tus cwj pwm thalassemia.
Beta thalassemia intermediaQhov no yog ib qho mob nruab nrab. Cov neeg no yuav muaj cov tsos mob vim yog ntshav tsis txaus. Qee zaum, kev kho mob xws li kev hloov ntshav yuav tsum tau ua.
Beta thalassemia loj Qhov no yog theem mob hnyav tshaj plaws. Kuj hu ua 'Cooley's anemia'. Cov neeg no tuaj yeem muaj mob anemia hnyav uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Yog li ntawd, kev hloov ntshav tsis tu ncua thiab kev kho mob tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog dab tsi?

Cov tsos mob yuav txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg, nyob ntawm seb koj muaj hom thalassemia li cas thiab nws hnyav npaum li cas.

  • Ib tug neeg uas muaj tus kab mob thalassemia me yuav tsis muaj tsos mob dab tsi li.
  • Cov neeg uas muaj thalassemia intermedia thiab major yuav muaj ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
  • Tawv nqaij dawb: Tawv nqaij zoo li dawb thiab tsis muaj xim vim tsis muaj ntshav.
  • Qaug zog thiab tsis muaj zog heev: Xav tias qaug zog, nkees tas li.
  • Mob plab: Lub plab tawm mus rau pem hauv ntej vim yog qhov loj ntawm cov kabmob xws li lub siab thiab tus po.
  • Cov zis xim tsaus: Cov zis yuav tsaus dua.
  • Kev loj hlob qeeb: Cov menyuam yaus txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev tshwm sim qeeb dua li lwm tus menyuam.
  • Cov pob txha ntsej muag tsis zoo: Hauv qee kis mob hnyav, muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov duab ntawm cov pob txha ntsej muag.
  • Jaundice: Daj ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab dawb ntawm lub qhov muag.

Yog tias ib tug me nyuam yaus feem ntau mob thaum tseem hluas, tsis kam noj mov, lossis dawb paug, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo mloog thiab nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham .

Yuav kuaj mob li cas?

Feem ntau tus kab mob no raug kuaj pom thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 thiab 12 xyoos. Koj tuaj yeem kuaj pom nws los ntawm kev ua yuam kev thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob vim yog cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis muaj ntshav txaus, lossis thaum lub sijhawm kuaj ntshav ib txwm ua rau lwm yam laj thawj.

Qee zaum, thaum koj pom tias koj muaj ntshav tsis txaus, koj yuav xav yuam kev tias qhov ua rau yog vim tsis muaj hlau txaus. Yog tias koj muab cov tshuaj hlau rau lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg mob thalassemia puas tsuaj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob ntshav kom kuaj mob kom raug.

Vim nws kis tau rau hauv tsev neeg, tej zaum yuav muaj cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob thalassemia hauv koj tsev neeg lossis cov txheeb ze. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg los ntawm cov teb chaws xws li Asia, Middle East, Ltalis, thiab Greece.

Qee qhov kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb uas siv los kuaj mob yog:

  • Kev suav ntshav tag nrho (CBC): Qhov no xyuas tus lej, qhov loj me, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, thiab cov platelets hauv koj cov ntshav.
  • Hemoglobin electrophoresis: Qhov no yog siv los nrhiav seb hom hemoglobin twg nyob hauv koj cov ntshav thiab muaj pes tsawg.
  • Kev kuaj rau cov niam cev xeeb tub: Yog tias niam cev xeeb tub muaj tus kab mob thalassemia, kev kuaj xws li Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) lossis Amniocentesis tuaj yeem ua tau los txiav txim siab seb tus menyuam hauv plab puas tau raug cuam tshuam.

Cov kev kho mob yog dab tsi?

Kev kho mob uas koj yuav tau txais yuav nyob ntawm koj hom mob thalassemia thiab nws qhov hnyav.

  • Rau cov neeg uas muaj mob me me (Me): Tej zaum yuav tsis tas yuav kho mob.
  • Rau cov neeg uas muaj mob theem nrab: Qee zaum, xws li thaum muaj mob lossis kis kab mob, yuav tsum tau hloov ntshav.
  • Rau cov neeg mob hnyav (Loj): Vim tias cov neeg no muaj ntshav tsis txaus, kev hloov ntshav tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Kev pub ntshav ntau zaus tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev muaj hlau ntau dhau. Qhov no hu ua "Iron overload." Cov hlau ntau dhau no tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke hauv cov kabmob xws li lub plawv thiab lub siab thiab ua rau lawv puas tsuaj. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, kev kho mob tau ua los tshem tawm cov hlau ntau dhau ntawm lub cev. Nws hu ua iron chelation therapy . Qhov no yog muab ua tshuaj lossis txhaj tshuaj.

Ntxiv rau, cov kev kho mob hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv tau raws li koj tus kws kho mob hais:

  • Kev phais tshem tawm cov noob qes.
  • Kev hloov pob txha .
  • Kev kho mob niaj hnub xws li kev kho mob gene .

Yuav ua li cas thiaj li noj qab nyob zoo nrog thalassemia?

Txawm hais tias kev nyob nrog thalassemia tuaj yeem nyuaj, muaj ntau yam koj tuaj yeem ua tau los saib xyuas koj tus kheej.

Tej yam koj ua tau

  • Kev noj zaub mov zoo: Noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub ntau ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, nug koj tus kws kho mob seb koj puas yuav tsum txwv cov khoom noj uas muaj hlau ntau (nqaij, ntses, qee cov zaub, thiab cov nplej uas muaj hlau ntxiv) .
  • Kev tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua: Ua kom koj lub cev tawm dag zog me me xws li kev taug kev thiab caij tsheb kauj vab.
  • Ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia: Ua raws li koj cov hnub pub ntshav thiab cov sijhawm noj tshuaj raws nraim. Mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob raws li cov hnub teem tseg.
  • Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob: Ntxuav koj txhais tes ntau zaus. Nyob deb ntawm cov neeg mob.
  • Mus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: Mus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas koj tus kws kho mob pom zoo, xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas, raws sijhawm.
  • Xav txog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb: Nws nyuaj rau koj mus dhau qhov kev taug kev no ib leeg. Tham nrog koj tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg. Yog tias tsim nyog, nrhiav kev pab los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb lossis tus kws kho mob hlwb.

Cov lus qhia rau cov neeg saib xyuas

Yog tias koj yog tus saib xyuas ib tug menyuam lossis ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg uas muaj tus kab mob thalassemia, koj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev.

Koj tus cwj pwm zoo yog lub zog loj rau koj tus menyuam. Ib txwm qhia rau koj tus menyuam tias, "Koj muaj zog npaum li cas los ua neej nrog qhov no." Nco ntsoov tias ua tsaug rau cov kev kho mob tshiab, cov neeg mob thalassemia tuaj yeem ua neej ntev thiab muaj kev vam meej.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

  • Beta thalassemia yog ib qho kab mob ntshav uas tau los ntawm noob caj ces, tab sis kho tau.
  • Muaj ntau theem ntawm qhov no, los ntawm qib me mus rau qib loj.
  • Rau cov neeg mob uas muaj mob hnyav (loj heev), kev hloov ntshav tsis tu ncua (kev pub ntshav) thiab kev kho mob chelation yog qhov tseem ceeb.
  • Yog tias muaj kev kho mob zoo thiab ua neej zoo, cov neeg mob thalassemia tuaj yeem ua neej ntev, noj qab nyob zoo, thiab vam meej.
  • Yog koj lossis koj tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob lossis tsis paub meej, mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd kom tau txais lus qhia.

Beta Thalassemia, teeb meem ntshav, ntshav tsis txaus, hemoglobin, Cooley's Anemia
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 7 + 6 =