Peb puas yuav tham txog cov ua rau menyuam mos tuag?

Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib qho teeb meem uas nyuaj to taub, tab sis tseem ceeb heev. Qhov ntawd yog, kev poob ntawm cov menyuam mos, uas yog, hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev yug los, tawm hauv peb. Qhov no yog qhov uas cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws tshawb fawb hu ua '(Kev Tuag Me Nyuam Mos)'. Thaum koj hnov ​​​​lo lus no, koj yuav xav txog cov ntaub ntawv suav, tab sis qhov tseeb, tom qab qhov no yog kev tu siab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, kev poob siab hauv tsev neeg.

Kev Tuag Ntawm Cov Menyuam Mos Yog Dab Tsi? Peb puas nkag siab meej?

Hais yooj yim xwb, 'Kev Tuag Me Nyuam Mos' txhais tau hais tias tus me nyuam tuag hauv 12 lub hlis tom qab yug los, uas yog, ua ntej hnub nyoog ib xyoos. Muaj lwm lo lus hu ua '(Kev tuag Me Nyuam Mos)'. Nws txhais tau hais tias tus me nyuam tuag hauv 28 hnub tom qab yug los. Txawm hais tias cov lus no siv rau kev suav lej thiab kev tshawb fawb, hauv lub neej tiag tiag qhov no yog qhov kev paub mob heev. Nws zoo li ib daim ntawm koj tus kheej tau ploj mus, thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem xav txog yuav ua li cas mus tom ntej.

Tiam sis vim li cas peb thiaj tham txog qhov no? Vim tias, tej yam zoo li no yuav tsum tsis txhob tshwm sim. Txhua tus menyuam yaus muaj cai pib lub neej kom noj qab nyob zoo thiab ua kev zoo siab tsis yog lawv hnub yug thawj thiab ob xwb, tab sis ntau ntxiv. Tiam sis, muaj pes tsawg yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab lawv tsev neeg?

Cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev noj qab haus huv hauv zej zog, uas cuam tshuam rau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv, feem ntau muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov no. Xav txog, yog tias koj tsis tau txais txawm tias cov khoom noj khoom haus yooj yim xws li kev noj zaub mov thiab kev saib xyuas ua ntej yug menyuam thaum cev xeeb tub, nws yuav nyuaj rau xav kom muaj menyuam noj qab haus huv. Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws kho mob yeej ib txwm sim tshem tawm cov teeb meem no thiab tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig uas txhua tus tuaj yeem muaj cev xeeb tub noj qab haus huv thiab yug tau cov menyuam noj qab haus huv.

Yog vim li cas cov menyuam yaus thiaj li sib cais ntawm peb?

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no hauv ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tebchaws zoo li Asmeskas, muaj ntau yam ua rau cov menyuam mos tuag:

• Tej yam tsis zoo uas muaj txij thaum yug los (lossis tej yam tsis zoo uas yug los): Cov no yog ntau yam teeb meem ntawm lub cev lossis caj ces uas tshwm sim thaum tus menyuam tseem tab tom loj hlob hauv plab. Qee qhov yog me me, thaum lwm tus tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
• Yug ua ntej lub sijhawm thiab qhov hnyav tsawg thaum yug los: Cov menyuam mos uas yug ua ntej hnub yug, uas yog, ua ntej 37 lub lis piam, yuav muaj ntau yam teeb meem vim tias lawv cov kabmob tsis tau tsim tag nrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov menyuam mos uas hnyav tsawg dua 2500 grams thaum yug los muaj feem yuav muaj mob ntau dua.
• Mob Tuag Sai Sai Rau Me Nyuam Mos (SIDS): Qhov no yog ib qho mob tu siab heev. Nws yog thaum ib tug me nyuam mos noj qab nyob zoo tuag tam sim ntawd, feem ntau yog thaum pw tsaug zog, yam tsis muaj laj thawj pom tseeb.
• Tej xwm txheej tsis tau xav txog: Cov no suav nrog kev sib tsoo tsheb, kev ntog, kev poob dej, thiab kev tuag tes tuag taw. Vim tias cov menyuam mos muaj zog heev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lawv zoo.
• Teeb meem thaum cev xeeb tub: Cov mob uas tshwm sim rau leej niam thaum cev xeeb tub, xws li ntshav siab, ntshav qab zib, thiab kev kis kab mob, kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam.

Cov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam mos

Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam mos tshiab, uas yog, cov menyuam mos hauv 28 hnub thawj zaug, suav nrog:

• Kab mob bacterial sepsis: Qhov no yog ib qho kev kis kab mob loj heev.
• Kab mob ua pa nyuaj siab: Qhov mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam mos uas yug tsis tau lub sijhawm, vim tias lawv lub ntsws tsis tau loj hlob tag nrho.
• Kab mob plawv yug los: Teeb meem nrog cov qauv lossis kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv uas muaj thaum yug los .
• Kev Los Ntshav: Los ntshav ntau dhau hauv lub hlwb lossis lwm qhov chaw.

Yav dhau los ua cas cov menyuam mos thiaj tuag? Tam sim no qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi?

Piv rau cov ua rau tam sim no, yav dhau los, uas yog, thaum xyoo 1800s lig, qhov ua rau cov menyuam mos tuag yog cov kab mob sib kis . Xav txog seb yuav muaj pes tsawg tus neeg tuag vim yog mob raws plab, hnoos qhuav, qhua pias, mob ntsws, thiab mob ntsws thaum lub sijhawm ntawd?

Txawm li cas los xij, dhau sijhawm, qhov xwm txheej no tau hloov pauv ntau heev. Cov kev ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv pej xeem xws li dej huv, kev ua kom mis nyuj tsis muaj kab mob (ib txoj kev tua cov kab mob hauv mis nyuj), thiab kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov menyuam yaus ntawm cov kab mob sib kis no.

Thaum pib xyoo 1900, cov kab mob sib kis tau ua rau ntau dua 60% ntawm cov menyuam mos tuag. Tab sis thaum kawg xyoo 1990, tus lej ntawd tau poob qis mus rau 2%. Qhov kev txhim kho loj heev, puas yog?

IMR (Infant Mortality Rate) no yog dab tsi? Peb kawm tau dab tsi los ntawm nws?

Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov ​​​​lo lus "IMR" lawm. "IMR" txhais tau tias "Infant Mortality Rate". Hais yooj yim xwb, qhov no yog tus lej ntawm cov menyuam mos uas tuag ua ntej hnub nyoog ib xyoos ntawm txhua 1,000 tus menyuam yug los. Nws tsis suav nrog kev yug menyuam tuag lossis kev poob menyuam.

Cov kws tshawb nrhiav siv tus nqi 'IMR' no los kawm txog seb kev tuag ntawm cov menyuam mos tshwm sim li cas ntawm cov pab pawg neeg sib txawv (piv txwv li, hauv ib lub tebchaws, cheeb tsam, haiv neeg, qib nyiaj tau los). Qhov no tso cai rau lawv nkag siab ntau yam:

• Txheeb xyuas seb cov neeg twg thiab thaj chaw twg xav tau cov peev txheej thiab kev txhawb nqa ntxiv rau kev xeeb tub thiab yug menyuam kom noj qab nyob zoo.
• Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog muab kev nkag siab txog kev tuag ntawm cov menyuam mos xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub zej zog lossis pawg neeg. Vim tias muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev tuag ntawm cov menyuam mos (xws li kev nkag mus rau cov kev pabcuam kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov peev txheej) cuam tshuam rau txhua tus neeg hauv pawg ntawd.
• Siv cov ntaub ntawv no, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov cai thiab ua cov kev hloov pauv tsim nyog rau kev xeeb tub noj qab haus huv thiab cov menyuam mos noj qab haus huv.

Ib qho kev nkag siab me ntsis txog qhov xwm txheej hauv ntiaj teb thiab peb cheeb tsam

Txawm tias nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws uas muaj kev vam meej zoo li Tebchaws Meskas, 'IMR' hauv xyoo 2022 yog 5.6 rau txhua 1,000 tus menyuam yug los. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm qee pawg neeg hauv lub teb chaws ntawd (piv txwv li cov neeg Asmeskas Dub), tus nqi no yog kwv yees li ob npaug ntawm qhov nruab nrab hauv tebchaws. Qhov no qhia tau tias muaj ntau npaum li cas txawm tias nyob hauv ib lub teb chaws.

Tus nqi 'IMR' no sib txawv ntau ntawm ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li:

• Qee lub tebchaws uas muaj 'IMR' siab tshaj plaws yog: Sierra Leone, Central African Republic, Nigeria, Somalia. Qee lub tebchaws no muaj ntau dua 70 tus menyuam mos tuag rau txhua 1000 tus menyuam yug.
• Qee lub tebchaws uas muaj 'IMR' qis tshaj plaws yog: Nyiv Pooj, Singapore, Norway, Slovenia. Cov tebchaws no muaj tus nqi qis heev ntawm 2 tus menyuam mos tuag rau txhua 1000 tus menyuam yug.

Qhov no qhia meej meej tias qhov muaj feem ntau npaum li cas rau tus menyuam yaus uas yuav ua kev zoo siab rau lawv hnub yug thawj zaug yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv yug los thiab cov peev txheej uas lawv muaj (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kev pabcuam kev noj qab haus huv). Hauv Sri Lanka, peb ua ntej ntau lub tebchaws uas tseem tab tom txhim kho hauv qhov no. Peb txoj kev kho mob dawb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub tsev kho mob niam thiab menyuam, yog lub zog loj hauv qhov no. Tab sis peb muaj ntau yam ua los txhim kho qhov xwm txheej no ntxiv.

Peb ua tau dab tsi los tiv thaiv cov menyuam mos tuag no?

Tu siab kawg li, tsis yog txhua yam kev tuag ntawm cov menyuam mos uas peb tiv thaiv tau. Muaj qee yam ua rau peb tswj tsis tau, txawm tias muaj cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kws kho mob zoo tshaj plaws los xij. Tab sis peb paub tias kev saib xyuas uas koj tau txais thaum cev xeeb tub thiab tom qab yug tus menyuam tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv loj heev.

Ib qho teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb yog tias tsis yog txhua tus neeg muaj kev nkag mus rau tib cov kev pabcuam kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov peev txheej. Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg tsim cai yeej ib txwm sim daws qhov teeb meem no. Lub hom phiaj yog kom txhua tus neeg muaj kev nkag mus rau cov peev txheej uas lawv xav tau los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab lawv cov menyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

Ntawm tus kheej, muaj ntau yam koj ua tau los xyuas kom meej tias cev xeeb tub thiab tus menyuam noj qab nyob zoo:

• Kev saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv ua ntej koj cev xeeb tub: Yog tias koj muaj tej yam mob uas kav ntev (piv txwv li ntshav qab zib, ntshav siab), mus ntsib kws kho mob thiab tswj koj tus kheej ua ntej koj cev xeeb tub.
• Mus koom cov chaw kho mob ua ntej yug menyuam raws li lub sijhawm teem tseg: Mus koom txhua lub chaw kho mob raws li koj tus kws kho mob/tus pab yug menyuam qhia rau koj. Qhov no yuav ua kom koj thiab koj tus menyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv raug saib xyuas tas li.
• Ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia: Ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia kom zoo zoo txog yam koj yuav tsum ua (piv txwv li, zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, cov vitamins uas tau sau tseg) thiab yam koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua (piv txwv li, haus luam yeeb, haus cawv) thaum cev xeeb tub.
• Tsim kom muaj ib qho chaw pw tsaug zog zoo rau koj tus menyuam: Qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv SIDS. Tsis txhob muab koj tus menyuam pw tsaug zog ntsej muag, muab koj tus menyuam pw ntxeev rau ntawm lub txaj pw khov kho. Tsis txhob muab cov khoom ua si lossis daim pam tso rau hauv qhov chaw pw.
• Siv lub rooj zaum hauv tsheb rau koj tus menyuam txoj kev nyab xeeb thaum caij tsheb: Siv lub rooj zaum hauv tsheb uas tau teeb tsa kom raug thiab haum rau koj tus menyuam txhua zaus mus ncig.

Cov kws kho mob yuav kuaj xyuas tus menyuam tam sim ntawd tom qab nws yug los hauv tsev kho mob. Qhov no ua rau lawv pom tau sai sai txog tej teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv thiab pib kho mob uas tsim nyog.

Thaum kawg, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov (Cov Lus Qhia Coj Mus Tsev)

Peb paub tias qhov no tsis yog ib qho yooj yim los tham txog lossis xav txog. Thaum koj nyeem qhov no, koj yuav ntshai, ntxhov siab, lossis ntxhov siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj tau ntsib qee yam zoo sib xws. Tej zaum koj tab tom nrhiav vim li cas rau qhov no. Lossis, yog tias koj yog ib tus neeg uas tau kawm ntxiv txog qhov no, koj yuav xav tias koj yuav tsum ua ib yam dab tsi txog nws.

Txawm koj zaj dab neeg yog dab tsi los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov no: Cov kws tshaj lij kev noj qab haus huv, cov kws tshawb fawb, thiab tsoomfwv thoob plaws ntiaj teb tab tom ua haujlwm hnyav txhua hnub los txo cov menyuam mos tuag thiab muab txhua tus menyuam mos muaj kev noj qab haus huv pib lub neej.

Vim tias tsis muaj tsev neeg twg yuav tsum tau dhau los ntawm qhov mob hnyav ntawm kev poob ib tug me nyuam. Peb kawm txog qhov no ntau npaum li cas, peb tshawb pom ntau yam tshiab nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb, peb tuaj yeem pab peb tsev neeg ntau npaum li cas thiab tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig uas txhua tus me nyuam tuaj yeem raug txais tos rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nrog kev hlub.

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