Nrog rau tus kab mob COVID-19 kis thoob plaws ntiaj teb, ib lo lus uas yuav luag txhua tus ntawm peb tau hnov thiab uas tau los ua ze rau peb lub neej yog 'mRNA vaccine'. Tej zaum koj yuav nco qab lo lus no tau hais ntau zaus nrog cov npe zoo li Pfizer thiab Moderna. Ib txhia neeg hais lus zoo heev txog nws, thaum lwm tus ntshai me ntsis ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab no. Yog li ntawd, mRNA vaccine yog dab tsi? Nws ua haujlwm li cas hauv peb lub cev? Nws txawv li cas ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj? Puas muaj dab tsi yuav tsum ntshai? Cia peb tham txog txhua yam no yooj yim, hauv txoj kev uas koj tuaj yeem nkag siab.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA yog dab tsi, hais yooj yim xwb?
Hais yooj yim xwb, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob mRNA yog kev kho mob uas qhia, lossis cob qhia, peb lub cev kom tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej ntawm kab mob. Tus kws kho mob lossis tus neeg ua haujlwm kho mob uas tau kawm tiav muab rau koj ua koob txhaj tshuaj.
Tsuas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA uas tau pom zoo siv hauv ntiaj teb xwb thiaj li siv tau los tiv thaiv COVID-19. Tej zaum koj yuav nco ntsoov ob lub npe no zoo:
- Comirnaty® (qhov no yog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Pfizer-BioNTech uas peb txhua tus paub)
- Spikevax® (qhov no yog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Moderna)
Tiamsis cov thev naus laus zis no muaj zog heev. Cov kws tshawb fawb twb tab tom tshawb nrhiav seb cov thev naus laus zis mRNA no puas siv tau los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau lwm yam kab mob sib kis, nrog rau cov kab mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov no txhais tau tias peb yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no yav tom ntej.
Zoo, yog li ntawd mRNA no yog dab tsi?
Txawm hais tias qhov no yuav zoo li kev tshawb fawb me ntsis, kuv yuav piav qhia rau koj nrog ib qho piv txwv yooj yim heev.
Xav txog DNA hauv koj lub cev zoo li ib phau ntawv muaj nqis heev, uas nyob hauv ib lub tsev qiv ntawv loj. Phau ntawv no muaj tag nrho cov lus qhia thiab cov zaub mov txawv uas xav tau los tsim koj lub cev thiab ua kom nws ua haujlwm tau zoo. Phau ntawv no muaj nqis heev uas tsis pub coj tawm ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv, thiab tsis pub theej. Yuav tsum khaws cia kom zoo.
Tam sim no qhov no yog qhov uas mRNA los txog. mRNA luv rau "messenger Ribonucleic Acid." Nws zoo li ib tug 'messenger.' Nws ua li cas yog nws mus rau phau ntawv tseem ceeb (DNA) hauv tsev qiv ntawv thiab sau rau ntawm daim ntawv ib daim qauv ntawm daim ntawv qhia ua cov protein uas lub cev xav tau rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Tom qab ntawd nws coj daim ntawv ntawd thiab tawm ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv, mus rau hauv chav ua noj ntawm lub cell (uas peb hu ua ribosomes).
Cov neeg ua noj ua haus (ribosomes) hauv chav ua noj saib daim ntawv qhia ua zaub mov (mRNA) uas tus neeg xa xov coj los thiab ua cov protein raws nraim li nws tau sau. Thaum ua tiav txoj haujlwm, lawv rhuav daim ntawv uas muaj daim ntawv qhia ua zaub mov sau rau ntawd thiab muab pov tseg. Lawv tsis khaws cia.
Yog li, qhov uas tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA ua yog muab rau peb lub cev tsuas yog 'daim ntawv qhia' rau kev ua ib feem me me, uas pom tau ntawm tus kab mob sab nraud (xws li tus kab mob COVID-19).
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA ua haujlwm li cas hauv peb lub cev?
Ib yam li lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA cob qhia peb lub cev lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom paub txog tus yeeb ncuab (zoo li tus kab mob) thiab tsim cov riam phom uas xav tau los tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab ntawd.
Cia peb saib seb qhov no tshwm sim li cas hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 mRNA:
1. Muab cov lus qhia: Thaum koj tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, koj cov hlwb tau txais 'daim ntawv qhia' (mRNA) rau kev ua cov protein spike , qhov zoo li spike ntawm tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 uas ua rau COVID-19. Nco ntsoov, qhov no tsis yog tag nrho tus kab mob, lossis txawm tias ib daim ntawm nws. Nws tsuas yog 'cov lus qhia' rau kev ua nws.
2. Cov hlwb ua cov protein: Peb cov hlwb nyeem cov lus qhia ntawd thiab pib ua cov protein spike. Cov protein no tau tso tawm rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm peb cov hlwb.
3. Kev ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm: Tam sim no peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob (lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob) pom cov protein tshiab no thiab txhawj xeeb. "Tus neeg txawv teb chaws no yog leej twg? Qhov no tsis yog ib tug ntawm peb," nws xav, thiab txheeb xyuas nws tias yog 'tus neeg tawm tsam'.
4. Riam Phom: Tom qab ntawd cov tub rog kev ruaj ntseg pib tsim cov riam phom tshwj xeeb los tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab no. Cov riam phom no yog yam peb hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob . Lawv kuj tsim ib hom 'cov hlwb nco' uas tuaj yeem nco qab tus yeeb ncuab no.
5. Kev rhuav tshem cov lus qhia: Ib yam li peb nyeem ib tsab xov xwm thiab rhuav tshem nws thiab muab pov tseg, peb cov hlwb coj cov lus qhia los ntawm mRNA no thiab rhuav tshem nws tag nrho hauv ob peb hnub. Nws tsis nyob hauv peb lub cev, thiab nws tsis koom nrog peb cov DNA. Qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi uas ntau tus neeg nkag siab yuam kev.
Tam sim no xav txog tias tus kab mob COVID-19 tiag tiag tau nkag mus rau hauv koj lub cev. Tus kab mob no tsis yog neeg txawv rau koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv twb pom cov protein spike ntawm tus kab mob no thiab npaj txhij los tawm tsam nws. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem rhuav tshem tus kab mob sai sai ua ntej nws kis mus rau hauv koj lub cev. Qhov no yog qhov tiv thaiv koj kom tsis txhob mob hnyav.
Qhov txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ib txwm muaj thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA yog dab tsi?
Qhov txawv tseem ceeb yog txoj kev uas peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob paub tus yeeb ncuab. Yuav kom nkag siab qhov no yooj yim dua, cia peb saib lub rooj no.
| Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob | Nws ua haujlwm li cas (hauv cov lus yooj yim) |
|---|---|
| Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Ib Txwm Muaj | Tag nrho cov kab mob, txawm tias tsis ua haujlwm lossis qaug zog heev, lossis cov protein subunits ntawm tus kab mob, raug txhaj ncaj qha rau hauv lub cev. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob teb rau cov khoom txawv teb chaws no. |
| Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA | Tsis muaj ib feem ntawm tus kab mob twg raug muab rau lub cev. Hloov chaw, nws tsuas yog muab 'cov lus qhia' (mRNA) rau peb cov hlwb kom ua ib feem ntawm tus kab mob uas peb paub. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob teb rau cov protein ntawd los ntawm kev tsim peb cov hlwb. |
Puas yog txhua yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau COVID-19 mRNA?
Tsis yog. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 hu ua Novavax® tsis yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA. Nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv protein subunit . Uas yog, nws txhaj cov protein spike ntawm tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 ncaj qha rau hauv lub cev.
Thaum koj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob lawm, yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim?
Cov txheej txheem no yooj yim heev, thiab yog tias koj tau txhaj tshuaj ua ntej, qhov no kuj zoo ib yam.
1. Ib tug neeg ua haujlwm kho mob yuav ntxuav koj sab caj npab sab saud (lossis tej zaum koj lub duav rau cov menyuam yaus) nrog ib daim ntaub so cawv.
2. Tom qab ntawd txhaj tshuaj nrog ib rab koob me me heev.
3. Siv me ntsis plaster rau ntawm qhov chaw tho.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog koj yuav raug hais kom nyob twj ywm li ntawm 15 feeb tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Qhov no yog los xyuas seb puas muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj sai sai thiab hnyav. Yog tias koj yog ib tus neeg uas kiv taub hau me ntsis lossis ntshai koob, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los zaum thaum lub sijhawm no.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA yog dab tsi?
Muaj ob qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no.
- Kev Tsim Khoom Sai: Yuav kom ua tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ib txwm muaj, tus kab mob yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv chav kuaj mob. Qhov no siv sijhawm ntev heev. Tab sis hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA, tus kab mob tsis tas yuav tsum tau cog. Thaum paub cov lej caj ces ntawm tus kab mob lawm, cov mRNA sib xws tuaj yeem tsim tau sai. Yog li ntawd, thaum muaj kev sib kis thoob ntiaj teb, ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem tsim tau hauv ob peb lub lis piam, es tsis txhob tos ntau lub hlis lossis ntau xyoo.
- Kev tiv thaiv dua li tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv: Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA, muab cov txiaj ntsig no rau koj piv rau ib tus neeg uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv:
- Txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis tus kab mob COVID-19.
- Txawm tias kis tau tus kab mob los xij, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob hnyav thiab raug pw hauv tsev kho mob kuj raug txo qis heev.
- Txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev muaj mob COVID mus sij hawm ntev tom qab rov zoo los ntawm COVID-19.
Cov kev pheej hmoo thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA yog dab tsi?
Ib yam li lwm yam tshuaj, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim me me thiab tsis tshua muaj kev ua xua. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub txog cov no.
Nco ntsoov, cov kev mob tshwm sim uas feem ntau tshwm sim yog ib qho cim zoo tias koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pib ua haujlwm thiab tsim kev tiv thaiv. Cov no feem ntau yuav ploj mus tag hauv ib lossis ob hnub.
| Cov Kev Mob Tshwm Sim Feem Ntau | Cov Cim Qhia Txog Kev Ua Xua Tsis Tshwm Sim Tab Sis Loj Hlob |
|---|---|
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Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum twg?
Qhov no tseem ceeb heev.
Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob hnyav xws li ua pa nyuaj, ua pob khaus, lossis o ntawm lub ntsej muag, daim di ncauj, tus nplaig, lossis caj pas , mus rau chav kho mob ceev hauv tsev kho mob (ETU) ze tshaj plaws yam tsis muaj kev ncua. Qhov no yog xwm txheej ceev hauv kev kho mob.
Yog tias koj muaj lus nug ntxiv txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, lossis yog tias koj tsis paub meej tias cov tshuaj no puas sib haum nrog koj cov mob lwm yam, tsis txhob yig nrog koj tus kws kho mob hauv tsev neeg tham. Nws yuav piav qhia txhua yam rau koj thiab muab cov lus qhia zoo rau koj.
Keeb kwm ntawm cov thev naus laus zis mRNA no yog dab tsi?
Txawm hais tias nws tau nrov tam sim ntawd vim muaj tus kab mob COVID-19 kis thoob plaws, cov thev naus laus zis mRNA no tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas tau tshawb pom nag hmo. Nws muaj keeb kwm tshawb fawb ntau xyoo tom qab nws.
- Kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv tshuab mRNA tau pib thaum xyoo 1970.
- Nws yog xyoo 1990 uas cov kws tshawb fawb thawj zaug sim saib seb nws puas siv tau los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Tiamsis muaj tej teeb meem loj heev rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub mRNA molecule tsis khov kho. Thaum nws nyob hauv lub cev, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav rhuav tshem nws. Thiab tsis muaj txoj hauv kev kom nws nkag mus rau hauv cov cell.
- Tom qab ntau tshaj 20 xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom cov kev daws teeb meem rau cov teeb meem no. Lawv tau kawm los tsim ib txheej txheej ntawm cov rog me me (lipid nanoparticles) los tiv thaiv cov mRNA molecule. Qhov no yog qhov siv rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv niaj hnub no.
- Thaum kawg, xyoo 2018, ib hom tshuaj hu ua patisiran tau txais kev pom zoo los kho ib yam kab mob tsis tshua muaj ntawm lub paj hlwb. Tib txoj kev siv los xa RNA mus rau hauv cov hlwb tom qab ntawd tau qhib txoj hauv kev rau cov tuam txhab xws li Pfizer thiab Moderna los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19.
Nws yog ib qho ib txwm muaj kev ntshai thiab kev tsis ntseeg txog tej yam tshiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev kho mob. Thaum muaj ib yam dab tsi los txog uas txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem qub uas peb siv, nws nyuaj rau peb ntseeg tam sim ntawd. Tab sis cov thev naus laus zis mRNA no yog ib yam dab tsi uas ntau txhiab tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ntau xyoo thiab tau ua pov thawj tias muaj kev nyab xeeb. Qhov no yog vim li cas, thaum muaj kev sib kis loj heev, peb thiaj li tsim tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo hauv ob peb lub hlis xwb, es tsis txhob tos ntau xyoo.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA tsis muaj tus kab mob lossis ib feem ntawm tus kab mob. Lawv tsuas muaj cov 'lus qhia' (mRNA) uas xav tau los ua ib feem ntawm tus kab mob uas paub qhov txawv xwb.
- Cov lus qhia no yuav raug tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm peb cov cell hauv ob peb hnub tom qab siv. Nws tsis cuam tshuam rau peb cov DNA li cas.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev rau kev tiv thaiv cov mob hnyav, kev pw hauv tsev kho mob, thiab kev tuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov kab mob zoo li COVID-19.
- Cov kev mob tshwm sim me me xws li mob taub hau thiab mob lub cev tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau tshwm sim, thiab lawv qhia tias koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm.
- Cov kev ua xua hnyav heev, xws li ua pa nyuaj lossis o ntsej muag, yog qhov tsis tshua muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lawv tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum mus rau chav kho mob ceev (ETU) tam sim ntawd.
- Yog koj muaj lus nug lossis kev tsis ntseeg, tsis txhob tsuas yog saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv internet xwb, tab sis sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus