Ɔltin bɔt vayrɔs - di smɔl smɔl ɛnimi dɛm we wi nɔ kin si - jɔs!

Wi ɔl dɔn yɛri bɔt vayrɔs, nɔto so? Ɛspɛshali dis biɛn tɛm wit `(COVID-19)`, di wɔd vayrɔs dɔn bi pat pan wi layf. Bɔt wetin rili na vayrɔs? Aw dɛn kin mek wi sik? Nɔ wɔri, tide wi go tɔk bɔt ɔl dis simpul ɛn klia wan, lɛk se wi de tɔk to wi padi.

Wetin na vayrɔs? (Wetin na Vayrɔs?)

Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, vayrɔs na wan smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl smɔl . Dɛn so smɔl dat wi nɔ kin ivin si dɛn wit wi yay, dɛn tan lɛk smɔl smɔl invayda dɛn. Dɛn vayrɔs ya nɔ kin jɔs ambɔg mɔtalman, animal, plant, bɔt i kin ambɔg baktri ɛn fɛns bak. Bɔt wan spɛshal tin de, nɔto ɔl vayrɔs kin afɛkt ɔlman. Dɛn kin infɛkt ɔl bay we dɛn fɛn fayn "os" fɔ dɛnsɛf. Wi kin kɔl dis ɔs spɛsifisiti .

We vayrɔs kam insay di bɔdi, sɔntɛnde i nɔ kin fil pen atɔl. Bɔt sɔntɛnde, i kin rili siriɔs. Na sɔm kayn sik wae vayrɔs kin kam wit:

• Sik dɛm wae kin mek yu nɔr ebul fɔ blo fayn (e.g. kol, flu) .
• Bɛlɛ de at, vɔmit, dayarɛa
• Infekshɔn dɛn we pɔsin kin gɛt we i du mami ɛn dadi biznɛs wit ɔda pɔsin (STI) .
• Sik dɛm na di skin (e.g., chikinpoks, wɔt) .

Tink bɔt am dis we: vayrɔs tan lɛk smɔl smɔl jɛnɛtik infɔmeshɔn we dɛn rap insay smɔl "pakɛj." Dɛn kɔl dis paket ɔ shel we de protɛkt pɔsin, kapsid . Nɔto sɛl dɛn mek vayrɔs. So dɛn nɔ kin ebul fɔ mek mɔ vayrɔs fɔ dɛnsɛf. Wetin dɛn kin du na fɔ tek dɛn instrɔkshɔn, go insay wan ɔs sɛl lɛk wi yon, ɛn yuz di tul dɛn we de na da sɛl de fɔ mek kɔpi fɔ dɛnsɛf.

I tan lɛk se pɔsin de slip insay yu kichin, kam wit in yon rɛsipɛkt, ɛn yuz yu pɔt, pan, ɛn stov fɔ kuk yu it. Na ɔnfɔni, dɛn kin dɔn fɔ mek di kichin mɛs we dɛn dɔn!

Sɔntɛnde dɛn kin kɔl vayrɔs "vayrɔs".

Wetin na di kɔmɔn kwaliti dɛm fɔ vayrɔs?

Klose to ɔl di vayrɔs dɛn gɛt sɔm kɔmɔn kwaliti dɛn. Tek wan luk:

• dεn mek dεm wit jεnεtik mεtirial (RNA כ DNA) εn wan protεktiv protin kot (capsid) we de rawnd am.
• Sɔm vayrɔs dɛn gɛt ɔda kɔva pan dis kapsid. Dɛn kɔl dis ɛnvilɔp . di vayrus dεm we nכ gεt dis kayn kכva dεn kכl dεm "neked vayrus dεm."
• Vayrɔs dɛn tan lɛk parasayt dɛn . Dɛn rili nid wan ɔs sɛl fɔ mek dɛn bɔn pikin. Dɛn kin liv ausayd wan ɔs fɔ sɔm tɛm, bɔt na te di kapsid brok.
• i sכm lεk 100 to 1000 tεm pas di sεl dεm na wi bכdi. I at fɔ imajin, nɔto so?

Wetin na di kayn vayrɔs dɛm?

Dɔktɔ ɛn sayɛnsman dɛn kin sheb di vayrɔs dɛn bay aw dɛn tan (sayz, shep) ɛn di kayn jenɛtik matirial we dɛn gɛt. Dɛn sheb to famili, lɛk trayb. Na sɔm pan di kayn vayrɔs dɛm we yu go dɔn yɛri bɔt:

Sɔm pan di kayn vayrɔs dɛm we wi kin yɛri bɔt bɔku tɛm

• Influenza vayrɔs: Na dɛn wan ya kin mek pɔsin gɛt kɔmɔn kol (flu). Dɛn inflɔɛnsa vayrɔs ya de ripɔtabl bak fɔ tin dɛn lɛk bɔd flu ɛn swin flu (H1N1).
• Human hεpi vayrɔs: Dis na big famili fɔ vayrɔs. Dɛn kin mek bɔku sik dɛn, lɛk hεpi we dɛn kin gɛt na yu mɔt ɛn na yu bɔdi, chukchuk, hεpi zosta (shingles), Epstein-Barr virus, ɛn cytomegalovirus (CMV).
• Korona: Evribodi sabi dis nem by now, no bi so? Di vayrɔs we de kɔz COVID-19 na di wan we pipul dɛn sabi pas ɔl na dis famili. Bɔt sɔm vayrɔs dɛn we de na dis sem famili kin mek smɔl smɔl sik dɛn bak lɛk di kɔmɔn kol.
• Human Papillomaviruses (HPV): Na dɛn wan ya kin mek pɔsin gɛt wɔt. Sɔm kayn HPV kin mek pɔsin gɛt kansa bak.
• Enterovayrɔs: Dɛn vayrɔs ya kin mek wi gɛt infɛkshɔn na wi intestinal. Na dɛn kin mek pɔsin gɛt tin dɛn lɛk polio ɛn an, fut, ɛn mɔt sik.
• Flavivirus: Dis grup fɔ vayrɔs na mɔskito dɛn kin spre am mɔ. Dɛn kin mek sik dɛn lɛk Dengue fiva, Zika, ɛn Wɛst Nayl.
• Ɔtopoks vayrɔs: Dɛn vayrɔs ya kin mek yu skin gɛt blista. Mpox ɛn smɛlpoks na ɛgzampul fɔ dis kayn vayrɔs.
• Epataytis vayrɔs: Pan ɔl we dɛn vayrɔs ya nɔ de na di sem famili, dɛn ɔl kin afɛkt wi liva. Epataytis A, B, ɛn C na di wan dɛn we kin bɔku pas ɔl.

Speshal kayn vayrɔs dɛn

Sɔm ɔda spɛshal kayn vayrɔs dɛn de bak:

• Retrovayrɔs: Dɛn wan ya na RNA vayrɔs. Dɛn kin yuz spɛshal prɔtin dɛn fɔ chenj dɛn RNA to DNA. Dɔn dɛn kin put da DNA de insay di DNA na wi sɛl dɛn. Dɔn wi sɛl dɛn kin bigin fɔ rid di vayrɔs in DNA lɛk se na dɛn yon instrɔkshɔn. HIV (di vayrɔs we de mek pɔsin gɛt AIDS) ɛn HTLV-1 na ɛgzampul fɔ dɛn kayn rɛtrovayrɔs ya.
• Ɔnkovayrɔs: Dɛn wan ya na vayrɔs we kin mek pɔsin gɛt kansa. Dɛn dɔn tɔk se vayrɔs dɛn lɛk HPV, Epstein-Barr vayrɔs, HIV, ɛpatitis B ɛn C, HTLV-1, ɛn mɔtalman hεpi vayrɔs 8 (HHV-8) gɛt fɔ du wit sɔm kayn kansa.
• Sataylayt vayrɔs: Dɛn vayrɔs ya nɔ kin ebul fɔ bɔn dɛnsɛf fɔ dɛnsɛf. Dɛn nid wan "helper" vayrɔs. Dɛn tin ya kin de mɔ na plant dɛn.
• Bakteriofag dɛn: .dεn kכl dεn tin ya bak "phages" fכ sכt. Dɛn vayrɔs ya kin infɛkt baktri dɛm spɛshal wan. Naw sayɛnsman dɛn de du risach bɔt baktriɔfaj tɛrapi as tritmɛnt fɔ baktriyal infɛkshɔn we nɔ ebul fɔ tek antibayɔtik.

Aw di vayrɔs dɛn kin go insay wi bɔdi?

di vayrus dεm kin kכmכt na wi bכdi tru wi mכkus mεmbran dεm. Dat min se ples dεm lεk di yay, di nos, di mכt, di jεnital, di vagina, εn di anus. Sɔm vayrɔs kin kam insay di bɔdi bak tru wan brek na di skin, ɔ frɔm mɔskito ɔ tik.

Aw Vayrɔs Dɛn De Wok?

Vayrɔs kin ambɔg wan sɛl ɛn i kin fala sɔm tin dɛn fɔ mek kɔpi fɔ insɛf.

1. Atak: Di vayrɔs kin atak fɔs to wan ɔs sɛl.

2. Ɛntri: Dɔn dɛn go ɛnta di sɛl.

3. rεplikεshכn: di sεl de mek kכpi fכ in jεnεtik mεtirial εn di protin dεm we de insay am.

4. Assembly: Di nyu pat dεm we dεn fכm kin kam togeda fכ fכm wan komplit vayrus.

5. Rilis: di nyu vayrus de kכmכt na di sεl εn go infεkt כda sεl dεm.

Fɔ go insay wan sɛl

Vayrɔs dɛn kin yuz lɛk tri we dɛn fɔ go insay di sɛl dɛn:

• rεsεpכta binding: wi sεl dεm gεt rεsεpכta dεm na do we de akt lεk "gεt dεm." Sɔm vayrɔs dɛn kin trik dɛn sɛl ya fɔ tink se dɛn gɛt rayt fɔ go insay, ɛn go insay tru dɛn get ya.
• Dairekt fכs: sכm vayrus dεm de atak εn go insay di כs sεl dεm.
• baktriyofag dεm na vayrus dεm we de injεkt כnli dεn jεnεtik mεtirial insay di baktriyal sεl. Di wan ol vayrɔs nɔ nid fɔ go insay.

Wetin kin apin afta yu dɔn log in? (We dɛn de mek kɔpi dɛn)

Wans vayrɔs ɔ in jenɛtik matirial go insay wan sɛl, i kin yuz tu we fɔ mek kɔpi fɔ insɛf. Sɔntɛnde, sɔm vayrɔs dɛn kin yuz ɔl tu di we dɛn.

• Laytik saykl: Insay dis saykl, di vayrɔs de yuz di risɔs dɛm na di ɔs sɛl (lɛk di tin dɛn we de na di kichin) fɔ mek bɔku kɔpi dɛn fɔ insɛf. di vayral patikyula dεm de kam togεda, εn di jεnεtik mεtirial de go insay di kapsid. we dεn mek bכku kכpi dεm fכ di vayrus dis we insay di sεl, di sεl kin tכn bכst. Dɔn nyu vayrɔs dɛn kin kɔmɔt ɛn infɛkt mɔ sɛl dɛn.
• Lysogenic cycle: Sכm vayrus dεm gεt "kwayt" כ "hidden" tεm. Dɛn kin go insay sɛl dɛn ɛn de de fɔ sɔm tɛm, ɛn dɛn nɔ kin du natin. I tan lɛk se yu slip insay yu kichin ɛn rayt dɛn rɛsipɛkt na yu rɛsipɛkt buk instead fɔ kuk. di sel nכ de no se wan vayrus de insay, so di sεl de sheb εn mכltiply nכmal wan. Ɛni nyu sɛl we de fɔm gɛt kɔpi fɔ da vayrɔs de. Dɔn, yu fɔ strɛs, bikoz fכ sכmtin lεk sכm kεmikכl dεm כ tεmprachכ chenj, di layt vayrus de bi aktif, bכst insay sεl dεm, εn vayral patikyula dεm de spre כlsay na di bכdi.

Difrɛn kayn vayrɔs dɛn

Dɛn kin diskrayb di vayrɔs dɛn bay difrɛn kwaliti dɛn:

• Aw dɛn de luk (shep ɛn saiz).
• Dɛn jɛnɛtik prɔpati dɛn.
• If strכkchכral protin dεm εn εnvכlop de כ nכ de.

Di shep dɛn we di vayrɔs dɛn gɛt

Vayrɔs kin luk rili difrɛn frɔm dɛnsɛf. Sayɛnsman dɛn kin sheb dɛn bay aw dɛn shep:

• Icosahedral ɔ polyhedral: Dis na jɔyometrik shep we gɛt bɔku sayd dɛn, lɛk futbɔl. Bɔku pan di vayrɔs dɛn we de ambɔg mɔtalman gɛt dis shep.
• Hɛlikal: Dis vayrɔs shep lɛk silinda. Di tin dɛn we i gɛt bɔt in jɛnɛtiks kin kɔyl insay lɛk spring.
• Sfεrikal: Sfεrik vayrus na vayrus dεm we gεt εnvכlop rawnd di vayrus, we na spiral כ mכlti layεr. Dɛn kin tan lɛk bɔl mɔ ɔ smɔl.
• Kɔmpleks: Kɔmpleks vayrɔs dɛn gɛt pas wan shep we dɛn jɔyn. di vayrus dεm we de infεkt baktri dεm gεt mכlti layεr "hεd" εn wan spiral "bכdi".

Di sayz fɔ di vayrɔs

כl di vayrus dεm rili sכm – tu sכm fכ si if yu nכ gεt pawaful maykroskכp. we dεn mכsu, mכst de bitwin 20 nanomita (nm) εn 400nm. Tink bɔt am, dat smɔl pas wan gren san lɛk 2000 tɛm ! dεn sכm sכm lεk 100 to 1000 tεm pas di sεl dεm na wi bכdi.

Bɔt dɛn saiz kin difrɛn bad bad wan. Fɔ ɛgzampul, di mizɛl vayrɔs big lɛk fayv tɛm pas di Zika vayrɔs.

Jɛnɛtik infɔmeshɔn fɔ di vayrɔs dɛn

di infכmeshכn we dεn stכr insay wan vayrus – in jεnεtik mεtirial – na `(DNA)` כ `(RNA)`. `(DNA)` na lɛk di instrɔkshɔn buk we de tɛl di vayrɔs aw fɔ mek am. `(RNA)` lεk di instrכkshכn dεm we di sεl mashin de rid εn translet to langwej we kin mek protin dεm. Vayrɔs kin bi `(DNA)` ɔ `(RNA)` lɛk dis:

• Linear ɔ sɛkɔral .
• positifu-sεns כ nεgεtiv-sεns: dεn kin yuz pozitiv-sεns RNA as instrכkshכn fכ mek vayral patikyula dεm dεn wan dεm we nכ de du כda stεp dεm. di nεgεtiv-sεns RNA vayrus dεm nid spεshal εnzym dεm fכ mek positifu-sεns RNA bifo dεn mek vayral kכpi dεm.
• singl-strand כ dכbl-strand: DNA vayrus dεm kin gεt dεn jεnεtik mεtirial lεk wan strεnd (ssDNA) כ as tu strεnd dεm we lεnk tכgeda (dsDNA). (Mɔtalman DNA gɛt tu strɛch). di RNA vayrus dεm kin bi wan strεnd, bכt sכm dכbl-strand RNA vayrus dεm de.

Vayrɔs dɛn de liv ɔ nɔ de liv?

Dis na smɔl kwɛstyɔn we intrestin. Sayɛnsman dɛn nɔ kin tek vayrɔs as tin dɛn we gɛt layf.dis na biכs dεn nכ kin du sכm pan di tin dεm we layf tin dεm de du, lεk fכ tכn it to εnεji (mεtabolism). Dɛn nɔ kin ebul bak fɔ liv ɔ bɔn pikin if dɛn nɔ gɛt ɔs sɛl.

bכt na di כda say, dεn kin rεplik insay wan fayn כs sεl, εn dεn kin chenj (εvolv) ova tεm fכ liv. nכto dat nכmכ, bכt dεn kin pwεl εn pwεl di hכst sεl dεm insay di prכsεs. Bikɔs ɔf dis, bɔku pipul dɛn kin si vayrɔs as sɔntin we de na grey eria, na di bɔda bitwin layf ɛn nɔ gɛt layf.

Wetin na di sik dɛm wae vayrɔs kin kam wit?

As wi bin dɔn tɔk bifo tɛm, vayrɔs kin mek pipul dɛn gɛt difrɛn kayn sik. Sɔm pan di vayral infɛkshɔn dɛn we kin apin pas ɔl na:

• Kɔmɔn kol
• Flu (Influɛnsa) .
• Covid-19 `(COVID-19)`
• Respiratory sinsitial vayrɔs `(RSV)`
• Chikinpoks we de mek pɔsin gɛt sik
• Mizɛl
• HIV/AIDS
• Human papillomavirus/jεnital wכt (HPV/jεnital wכt) .
• Jɛnɛral hεpi (HSV) .
• Polio we pɔsin kin gɛt
• Wan sik we dɛn kɔl Rabies
• Mpox `(Mpox)`
• Zika we dɛn kɔl Zika
• Epataytis we gɛt di sik

Tin dɛn we wi nid fɔ mɛmba (Take-Home Message) .

Bay naw yu fɔ gɛt gud aidia bɔt wetin na vayrɔs. Mɛmba se, vayrɔs na smɔl smɔl tin dɛn we gɛt ɔl kayn shep ɛn saiz. Dɛn nid pɔsin we de ɔs fɔ mek wi gɛt di sik. Bɔt nɔto ɔl di vayrɔs dɛn kin mek wi sik. Infakt, sayɛnsman dɛn se bɔku trilyɔn vayrɔs dɛn go de we de liv insay wi bɔdi, we nɔ de du ɛni bad tin!

Bɔt, di vayrɔs dɛn we de mek wi sik tan lɛk pipul dɛn we wi nɔ want we kin kam na wi os. So, wi kin protɛkt wisɛf frɔm dɛn vayral infɛkshɔn ya bay we wi de klin, was wi an ɔltɛm, ɛn gɛt vaysin fɔ sɔm sik dɛn. If yu gɛt ɛni sik, nɔ fɔgɛt fɔ go to dɔktɔ. Stay wit wɛlbɔdi!

` Vayrɔs, vayral infɛkshɔn, di kayn vayrɔs, sik, wɛlbɔdi, imyuniti, sik