Skip to main content

Wetin na Alfa-Lipoik Asid (ALA)? Mek wi fain out.

Wetin na Alfa-Lipoik Asid (ALA)? Mek wi fain out.

Yu dɔn ɛva yɛri bɔt Alpha-Lipoic Acid, ɔ ALA fɔ shɔt? Yu go mɔs dɔn si dis nem pan vaytamɛn bɔtul, krim we de na di skin, ɔ magazin fɔ wɛlbɔdi biznɛs . Dɛn dɔn tɔk bɔt am fɔ in bɛnifit fɔ dayabitis, fɔ lɔs yu wet, ɛn fɔ kia fɔ yu skin. So tide, lɛ wi tek tɛm luk gud wan pan wetin na ALA, wetin i rili de du fɔ wi bɔdi, ɛn wetin wi nid fɔ no we wi de yuz am.

Wetin rili na alfa-lipoik asid (ALA)?

Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, alfa-lipoic acid (ALA) na antiɔksidant we wi bɔdi kin mek bay insɛf. I kin mek bak smɔl smɔl frɔm ɔgan dɛn lɛk wi at, kidni, ɛn liva. Wi kin gɛt am bak frɔm it dɛn lɛk brɔkoli, karɔt, pɔt, ɛn rɛd mit.

ALA de insay klos to ɔl di sɛl dɛn na wi bɔdi. Di men wok we i de du na fɔ ɛp fɔ chenj di it we wi de it to ɛnaji. I tan lɛk se wi de put fiul fɔ di smɔl smɔl pawa plant dɛn we de na wi bɔdi. I gɛt pawaful antiɔksidant bak, we de ɛp fɔ protɛkt wi sɛl dɛn frɔm damej.

Impɔtant: Nɔ kɔnfyus Alfa-Lipoic Acid wit Alpha-Linolenic Acid, we na ɔda omega-3 fat asid. Dɛn na tu kɔmpawnd dɛn we rili difrɛn.

Us bɛnifit wi kin gɛt frɔm ALA?

If yu gɛt wɛlbɔdi, yu bɔdi de mek di ALA we i nid. Bɔt dɛn tɛm ya, ALA de ɔlsay na di makit as sɔpɔtmɛnt. Dɛn kin advatayz dɛn se dɛn kin bɛnifit ɔltin frɔm dayabitis to fɔ lɛf fɔ it bɔku bɔku it.

Bɔt di impɔtant tin fɔ ɔndastand na dat, pan ɔl we sɔm sayɛns pruf de fɔ se i kin bɛnifit fɔ sɔm sik dɛn, ɛjɛnshi dɛm lɛk di U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nɔ dɔn gri fɔ ALA as tritmɛnt fɔ ɛni mɛrɛsin . So, dɛn nid fɔ du mɔ risach bɔt dis.

Pawaful antiɔksidant prɔpati dɛn

Lɛ wi tɔk bɔt dis antiɔksidant prɔpati. we di it we wi de it de kכnvכlt to enεji, wi bכdi de mek pat dεm we nכ stebul we dεn kכl "fri radikal dεm." We dɛn tin ya kin bɔku, dɛn kin bigin fɔ pwɛl wi sɛl dɛn. Jɔs lɛk aw ayɛn de rɔst. Wi kin kɔl dis kɔndishɔn ɔksidativ strɛs .

ALA na pawaful antiɔksidant we de fɛt dɛn fri radikal ya. Di spɛshal tin bɔt am na dat, pan ɔl we sɔm antiɔksidant dɛn lɛk vaytamɛn C kin jɔs sɔlv insay wata, ɔda wan dɛn lɛk vaytamɛn E kin jɔs sɔlv insay ɔyl. Bɔt ALA kin sɔlv insay wata ɛn ɔyl . So i kin go ɛnisay na di bɔdi, insay ɛni sɛl, ɛn wok.

Di rilayshɔn bitwin dayabitis ɛn ALA

Sɔm risach dɔn sho se ALA gɛt sɔm bɛnifit fɔ pipul dɛn we gɛt dayabitis, bɔt di tin dɛn we kin kɔmɔt frɔm am kin miks.

I kin ɛp fɔ kɔntrol di shuga we de na di blɔd?

Sɔm smɔl smɔl stɔdi dɛn dɔn sho se we pipul dɛn we gɛt tayp 2 dayabitis tek ALA sɔpɔtmɛnt, dɛn kin mek di bɔdi ebul fɔ yuz insulin fɔ mek di blɔd shuga go dɔŋ. Dis min se i kin ɛp fɔ ridyus di insulin rɛsistɛns . Pruf de bak fɔ se i gɛt sɔm ifɛkt fɔ mek di HbA1c (avɛrej blɔd shuga lɛvɛl go dɔŋ ova 3 mɔnt).

Bɔt sɔm ɔda stɔdi dɛn sho se ALA nɔ de mek big difrɛns fɔ mek di blɔd shuga lɛvɛl go dɔŋ we dɛn kɔmpia am wit plasɛbo.

Dayabitik Nyuropati

Dis na di bɛnifit we dɛn kin tɔk bɔt pas ɔl fɔ ALA. Wan pan di men prɔblɛm dɛn we kin kam wit dayabitis we kin apin as tɛm de go na di peripheral neuropathy . Dis kin mek di an ɛn fut dɛn bɔn, dɛn kin swɛla, dɛn kin swɛt, ɛn wikɛd.

Insay Yuropian kɔntri dɛn, dɛn dɔn de yuz ALA injɛkshɔn fɔ lɔng lɔng tɛm fɔ mek dɛn nɔ gɛt pen na di nerve we gɛt dayabitis. Ɛn wan big stɔdi dɔn sho se fɔ gi ay dos fɔ ALA bay injɛkshɔn kin rili ɛp fɔ mek di sik bɛtɛ.

Bɔt di pruf nɔ strɔng fɔ pruv se di ɔral supliment dɛn kin wok lɛk dɛn wan ya. Dɛn nid fɔ du mɔ risach.

Yu tink se i kin rili ɛp yu fɔ lɛf fɔ it bɔku bɔku it dɛn?

Dɛn dɔn du bɔku stɔdi fɔ si if ALA kin ɛp fɔ lɛ pɔsin nɔ gɛt bɔku bɔku bɔdi. Sɔm sayɛnsman dɛn biliv se ALA kin ɛp fɔ lɛ wi nɔ gɛt bɔku bɔku bɔdi bay we i de stɔp wan ɛnzaym (AMPK) we de kɔntrol wi fɔ it.

Pan ɔl we di fɔstɛm stɔdi dɛn we dɛn dɔn stɔdi bɔt animal dɛn dɔn sho se we pɔsin de bɔn fat, di stɔdi dɛn we mɔtalman dɔn du dɔn sho se i nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ pawa . Fɔ ɛgzampul, we dɛn du wan analisis pan 12 stɔdi dɛn, di wan dɛn we tek ALA bin lɔs wan avɛj 1.5 paund (0.7 kg) mɔ wet pas di wan dɛn we tek ɔda sɔpɔtmɛnt dɛn. No big chenj nɔ bin de bak pan di wes we de rawnd di wɛst.

Ɔda wɛlbɔdi kɔndishɔn ɛn ALA

Dɛn de tɔk se ALA kin fayn fɔ bɔku tin dɛm, lɛk dayabitis, fɔ lɛf fɔ it bɔku bɔku it, ɛn fɔ gɛt wɛlbɔdi na yu skin. Bɔt bɔku pan di risach bɔt dɛn tin ya stil de na di fɔs tɛm. So nɔr inof pruf de fɔ se ALA na bɛnifit fɔ dɛn kɔndishɔn ya.

Ɔda sityueshɔn dɛn we dɛn de tɔk bɔt Di kayn we aw di risach de naw
Liva sik, Katarakt, Kansa, Glɔkoma, Ay kɔlɔstrel, Strɔk, Dimɛnshɔn Dis na כnli rili fכs risεch, εn nכ inof pruf de yet fכ rεkomεnd ALA as bεnεfit fכ dεn kכndyushכn dεm ya.

Sayd ɛfɛkt ɛn tin dɛn we yu fɔ no bɔt - dis rili impɔtant!

Di sayd ɛfɛkt dɛn we ALA sɔpɔtmɛnt kin gɛt kin jɔs smɔl, lɛk we yu gɛt skin rɔsh, ed we de at, chɛst pen, ɛn nɔs. Bɔt masta sabi pipul dɛn stil nɔ ɔndastand klia wan bɔt di bad tin dɛn we kin apin to pɔsin fɔ lɔng tɛm we dɛn yuz dɛn.

Bɔt i impɔtant mɔ fɔ mek di wan dɛn we de tek mɛrɛsin fɔ sɔm kayn mɛrɛsin ɛn di wan dɛn we de na spɛshal sityueshɔn fɔ rili go to dɔktɔ bifo dɛn yuz ALA.

Tek tɛm mɔ! (Di tin dɛn we wi fɔ tek tɛm wit)
If yu de tek mɛrɛsin fɔ dayabitis If yu de tek insulin ɔ ɔda mɛrɛsin dɛn we de mek yu blɔd shuga, nɔ tek ALA we yu nɔ gɛt dɔktɔ advays fɔ ɛni rizin . ALA kin mek di ifekt dɛm fɔ dɛn mɛrɛsin ya bɔku ɛn mek di blɔd shuga smɔl (hypoglycemia).
If yu de tek tayroyd ɔmon mɛrɛsin ALA kin mek di tayroyd ɔmon lɛvɛl go dɔŋ, so if yu de tek tayroyd mɛrɛsin, mek shɔ se yu tɔk to yu dɔktɔ bifo yu tek ALA.
Ɔda mɛrɛsin dɛn ALA kin intarakt bak wit kansa tritmεnt εn mεdikeshכn dεm we de kכntrכl bכdi kכlכt.
Mama ɛn pikin dɛn we gɛt bɛlɛ, we de gi pikin milk Bikɔs dɛn nɔ dɔn establish di sef fɔ ALA fɔ dɛn pipul ya, i nɔ fayn fɔ gi ALA to uman dɛn we gɛt bɛlɛ, uman dɛn we de gi pikin dɛn bɛlɛ, ɛn yɔŋ pikin dɛn .

Fɔd dɛn we gɛt ALA ɛn aw fɔ gɛt am

Wi kin gɛt ALA frɔm natura it dɛn ɛn bak frɔm sɔpɔtmɛnt dɛn.

Fɔd dɛn we gɛt bɔku ALA:

  • Rɛd mit (especially pat dɛn lɛk liva) .
  • Grin
  • Brɔkoli
  • Bit we dɛn kɔl
  • Pɛtetɛ
  • Tamatis
  • Batana bin de

Sɔplɛnt dɛn:

ALA de insay kapsul ɔ tablɛt we gɛt 100-600 miligram. Dɔktɔ kin gi am bak as injɛkshɔn if nid de.

Fɔ mek yu gɛt di bɛst rizɔlt, risach dɔn sho se di bɔdi kin tek ALA sɔpɔtmɛnt fayn fayn wan we yu tek am ɛmti bɛlɛ, at le 30 minit bifo yu it .

Mɛsej we dɛn kin kɛr go na os

  • Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) na pawaful antioxidant we de mek na wi yon bɔdi ɛn we de insay it bak.
  • Sɔm pruf de fɔ se dis kin fayn fɔ pul di nerve pen we kin kam wit dayabitis (diabetic neuropathy).
  • Di pruf fɔ se i kin afɛkt ɔda tin dɛn lɛk fɔ lɛf fɔ it bɔku bɔku it ɛn fɔ gɛt wɛlbɔdi, stil wik.
  • Di tin we impɔtant pas ɔl: If yu de tink bɔt fɔ tek ALA sɔpɔt fɔ ɛni rizin, mɔ if yu de tek mɛrɛsin fɔ ɔda sik, i impɔtant fɔ tɔk to yu dɔktɔ fɔs ɛn aks am fɔ advays.

Alfa-Lipoik Asid, Alfa-Lipoik Asid, ALA, Dayabitis, Nɛv Pen, Antiɔksidant, Sayd Ifɛkt
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

No kɔmɛnt nɔ de yet. Ad yu kɔmɛnt ya fɔ di fɔs tɛm.

Ad yu kɔmɛnt

Duya kɔlkul: 1 + 1 =
Wetin na Alfa-Lipoik Asid (ALA)? Mek wi fain out.

Wetin na Alfa-Lipoik Asid (ALA)? Mek wi fain out.

Yu dɔn ɛva yɛri bɔt Alpha-Lipoic Acid, ɔ ALA fɔ shɔt? Yu go mɔs dɔn si dis nem pan vaytamɛn bɔtul, krim we de na di skin, ɔ magazin fɔ wɛlbɔdi biznɛs . Dɛn dɔn tɔk bɔt am fɔ in bɛnifit fɔ dayabitis, fɔ lɔs yu wet, ɛn fɔ kia fɔ yu skin. So tide, lɛ wi tek tɛm luk gud wan pan wetin na ALA, wetin i rili de du fɔ wi bɔdi, ɛn wetin wi nid fɔ no we wi de yuz am.

Wetin rili na alfa-lipoik asid (ALA)?

Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, alfa-lipoic acid (ALA) na antiɔksidant we wi bɔdi kin mek bay insɛf. I kin mek bak smɔl smɔl frɔm ɔgan dɛn lɛk wi at, kidni, ɛn liva. Wi kin gɛt am bak frɔm it dɛn lɛk brɔkoli, karɔt, pɔt, ɛn rɛd mit.

ALA de insay klos to ɔl di sɛl dɛn na wi bɔdi. Di men wok we i de du na fɔ ɛp fɔ chenj di it we wi de it to ɛnaji. I tan lɛk se wi de put fiul fɔ di smɔl smɔl pawa plant dɛn we de na wi bɔdi. I gɛt pawaful antiɔksidant bak, we de ɛp fɔ protɛkt wi sɛl dɛn frɔm damej.

Impɔtant: Nɔ kɔnfyus Alfa-Lipoic Acid wit Alpha-Linolenic Acid, we na ɔda omega-3 fat asid. Dɛn na tu kɔmpawnd dɛn we rili difrɛn.

Us bɛnifit wi kin gɛt frɔm ALA?

If yu gɛt wɛlbɔdi, yu bɔdi de mek di ALA we i nid. Bɔt dɛn tɛm ya, ALA de ɔlsay na di makit as sɔpɔtmɛnt. Dɛn kin advatayz dɛn se dɛn kin bɛnifit ɔltin frɔm dayabitis to fɔ lɛf fɔ it bɔku bɔku it.

Bɔt di impɔtant tin fɔ ɔndastand na dat, pan ɔl we sɔm sayɛns pruf de fɔ se i kin bɛnifit fɔ sɔm sik dɛn, ɛjɛnshi dɛm lɛk di U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nɔ dɔn gri fɔ ALA as tritmɛnt fɔ ɛni mɛrɛsin . So, dɛn nid fɔ du mɔ risach bɔt dis.

Pawaful antiɔksidant prɔpati dɛn

Lɛ wi tɔk bɔt dis antiɔksidant prɔpati. we di it we wi de it de kכnvכlt to enεji, wi bכdi de mek pat dεm we nכ stebul we dεn kכl "fri radikal dεm." We dɛn tin ya kin bɔku, dɛn kin bigin fɔ pwɛl wi sɛl dɛn. Jɔs lɛk aw ayɛn de rɔst. Wi kin kɔl dis kɔndishɔn ɔksidativ strɛs .

ALA na pawaful antiɔksidant we de fɛt dɛn fri radikal ya. Di spɛshal tin bɔt am na dat, pan ɔl we sɔm antiɔksidant dɛn lɛk vaytamɛn C kin jɔs sɔlv insay wata, ɔda wan dɛn lɛk vaytamɛn E kin jɔs sɔlv insay ɔyl. Bɔt ALA kin sɔlv insay wata ɛn ɔyl . So i kin go ɛnisay na di bɔdi, insay ɛni sɛl, ɛn wok.

Di rilayshɔn bitwin dayabitis ɛn ALA

Sɔm risach dɔn sho se ALA gɛt sɔm bɛnifit fɔ pipul dɛn we gɛt dayabitis, bɔt di tin dɛn we kin kɔmɔt frɔm am kin miks.

I kin ɛp fɔ kɔntrol di shuga we de na di blɔd?

Sɔm smɔl smɔl stɔdi dɛn dɔn sho se we pipul dɛn we gɛt tayp 2 dayabitis tek ALA sɔpɔtmɛnt, dɛn kin mek di bɔdi ebul fɔ yuz insulin fɔ mek di blɔd shuga go dɔŋ. Dis min se i kin ɛp fɔ ridyus di insulin rɛsistɛns . Pruf de bak fɔ se i gɛt sɔm ifɛkt fɔ mek di HbA1c (avɛrej blɔd shuga lɛvɛl go dɔŋ ova 3 mɔnt).

Bɔt sɔm ɔda stɔdi dɛn sho se ALA nɔ de mek big difrɛns fɔ mek di blɔd shuga lɛvɛl go dɔŋ we dɛn kɔmpia am wit plasɛbo.

Dayabitik Nyuropati

Dis na di bɛnifit we dɛn kin tɔk bɔt pas ɔl fɔ ALA. Wan pan di men prɔblɛm dɛn we kin kam wit dayabitis we kin apin as tɛm de go na di peripheral neuropathy . Dis kin mek di an ɛn fut dɛn bɔn, dɛn kin swɛla, dɛn kin swɛt, ɛn wikɛd.

Insay Yuropian kɔntri dɛn, dɛn dɔn de yuz ALA injɛkshɔn fɔ lɔng lɔng tɛm fɔ mek dɛn nɔ gɛt pen na di nerve we gɛt dayabitis. Ɛn wan big stɔdi dɔn sho se fɔ gi ay dos fɔ ALA bay injɛkshɔn kin rili ɛp fɔ mek di sik bɛtɛ.

Bɔt di pruf nɔ strɔng fɔ pruv se di ɔral supliment dɛn kin wok lɛk dɛn wan ya. Dɛn nid fɔ du mɔ risach.

Yu tink se i kin rili ɛp yu fɔ lɛf fɔ it bɔku bɔku it dɛn?

Dɛn dɔn du bɔku stɔdi fɔ si if ALA kin ɛp fɔ lɛ pɔsin nɔ gɛt bɔku bɔku bɔdi. Sɔm sayɛnsman dɛn biliv se ALA kin ɛp fɔ lɛ wi nɔ gɛt bɔku bɔku bɔdi bay we i de stɔp wan ɛnzaym (AMPK) we de kɔntrol wi fɔ it.

Pan ɔl we di fɔstɛm stɔdi dɛn we dɛn dɔn stɔdi bɔt animal dɛn dɔn sho se we pɔsin de bɔn fat, di stɔdi dɛn we mɔtalman dɔn du dɔn sho se i nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ pawa . Fɔ ɛgzampul, we dɛn du wan analisis pan 12 stɔdi dɛn, di wan dɛn we tek ALA bin lɔs wan avɛj 1.5 paund (0.7 kg) mɔ wet pas di wan dɛn we tek ɔda sɔpɔtmɛnt dɛn. No big chenj nɔ bin de bak pan di wes we de rawnd di wɛst.

Ɔda wɛlbɔdi kɔndishɔn ɛn ALA

Dɛn de tɔk se ALA kin fayn fɔ bɔku tin dɛm, lɛk dayabitis, fɔ lɛf fɔ it bɔku bɔku it, ɛn fɔ gɛt wɛlbɔdi na yu skin. Bɔt bɔku pan di risach bɔt dɛn tin ya stil de na di fɔs tɛm. So nɔr inof pruf de fɔ se ALA na bɛnifit fɔ dɛn kɔndishɔn ya.

Ɔda sityueshɔn dɛn we dɛn de tɔk bɔt Di kayn we aw di risach de naw
Liva sik, Katarakt, Kansa, Glɔkoma, Ay kɔlɔstrel, Strɔk, Dimɛnshɔn Dis na כnli rili fכs risεch, εn nכ inof pruf de yet fכ rεkomεnd ALA as bεnεfit fכ dεn kכndyushכn dεm ya.

Sayd ɛfɛkt ɛn tin dɛn we yu fɔ no bɔt - dis rili impɔtant!

Di sayd ɛfɛkt dɛn we ALA sɔpɔtmɛnt kin gɛt kin jɔs smɔl, lɛk we yu gɛt skin rɔsh, ed we de at, chɛst pen, ɛn nɔs. Bɔt masta sabi pipul dɛn stil nɔ ɔndastand klia wan bɔt di bad tin dɛn we kin apin to pɔsin fɔ lɔng tɛm we dɛn yuz dɛn.

Bɔt i impɔtant mɔ fɔ mek di wan dɛn we de tek mɛrɛsin fɔ sɔm kayn mɛrɛsin ɛn di wan dɛn we de na spɛshal sityueshɔn fɔ rili go to dɔktɔ bifo dɛn yuz ALA.

Tek tɛm mɔ! (Di tin dɛn we wi fɔ tek tɛm wit)
If yu de tek mɛrɛsin fɔ dayabitis If yu de tek insulin ɔ ɔda mɛrɛsin dɛn we de mek yu blɔd shuga, nɔ tek ALA we yu nɔ gɛt dɔktɔ advays fɔ ɛni rizin . ALA kin mek di ifekt dɛm fɔ dɛn mɛrɛsin ya bɔku ɛn mek di blɔd shuga smɔl (hypoglycemia).
If yu de tek tayroyd ɔmon mɛrɛsin ALA kin mek di tayroyd ɔmon lɛvɛl go dɔŋ, so if yu de tek tayroyd mɛrɛsin, mek shɔ se yu tɔk to yu dɔktɔ bifo yu tek ALA.
Ɔda mɛrɛsin dɛn ALA kin intarakt bak wit kansa tritmεnt εn mεdikeshכn dεm we de kכntrכl bכdi kכlכt.
Mama ɛn pikin dɛn we gɛt bɛlɛ, we de gi pikin milk Bikɔs dɛn nɔ dɔn establish di sef fɔ ALA fɔ dɛn pipul ya, i nɔ fayn fɔ gi ALA to uman dɛn we gɛt bɛlɛ, uman dɛn we de gi pikin dɛn bɛlɛ, ɛn yɔŋ pikin dɛn .

Fɔd dɛn we gɛt ALA ɛn aw fɔ gɛt am

Wi kin gɛt ALA frɔm natura it dɛn ɛn bak frɔm sɔpɔtmɛnt dɛn.

Fɔd dɛn we gɛt bɔku ALA:

  • Rɛd mit (especially pat dɛn lɛk liva) .
  • Grin
  • Brɔkoli
  • Bit we dɛn kɔl
  • Pɛtetɛ
  • Tamatis
  • Batana bin de

Sɔplɛnt dɛn:

ALA de insay kapsul ɔ tablɛt we gɛt 100-600 miligram. Dɔktɔ kin gi am bak as injɛkshɔn if nid de.

Fɔ mek yu gɛt di bɛst rizɔlt, risach dɔn sho se di bɔdi kin tek ALA sɔpɔtmɛnt fayn fayn wan we yu tek am ɛmti bɛlɛ, at le 30 minit bifo yu it .

Mɛsej we dɛn kin kɛr go na os

  • Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) na pawaful antioxidant we de mek na wi yon bɔdi ɛn we de insay it bak.
  • Sɔm pruf de fɔ se dis kin fayn fɔ pul di nerve pen we kin kam wit dayabitis (diabetic neuropathy).
  • Di pruf fɔ se i kin afɛkt ɔda tin dɛn lɛk fɔ lɛf fɔ it bɔku bɔku it ɛn fɔ gɛt wɛlbɔdi, stil wik.
  • Di tin we impɔtant pas ɔl: If yu de tink bɔt fɔ tek ALA sɔpɔt fɔ ɛni rizin, mɔ if yu de tek mɛrɛsin fɔ ɔda sik, i impɔtant fɔ tɔk to yu dɔktɔ fɔs ɛn aks am fɔ advays.

Alfa-Lipoik Asid, Alfa-Lipoik Asid, ALA, Dayabitis, Nɛv Pen, Antiɔksidant, Sayd Ifɛkt
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

No kɔmɛnt nɔ de yet. Ad yu kɔmɛnt ya fɔ di fɔs tɛm.

Ad yu kɔmɛnt

Duya kɔlkul: 1 + 1 =