Ka tuyige ku bajaasi abato mu mubiri gwo - lymphocytes.

Ffenna twagala okuba abalamu obulungi. Kale obadde okimanyi nti omubiri gwaffe gulina enkola eyeewuunyisa ey’okwekuuma etukuuma obutakwatibwa ndwadde? Lymphocytes bitundu bikulu nnyo mu nkola eyo ey’okwekuuma. Mu ngeri ennyangu, balinga abaserikale abato mu mubiri gwaffe. Ka twogereko katono ku lymphocytes zino leero.

Ddala lymphocytes kye ki?

Lymphocytes kika kya butoffaali obuyitibwa obutoffaali obweru. Yee, owulidde nti mu musaayi mulimu obutoffaali obumyufu n’obutoffaali obweru. Lymphocytes kibinja kya njawulo eky’obutoffaali obweru. Omulimu gwazo omukulu kwe kuyamba abaserikale b’omubiri gwaffe. Abaserikale b’omubiri balinga abaserikale b’ebyokwerinda mu nsi yaffe. Enkola eno eriwo okutukuuma okuva ku balabe abava ebweru (kwe kugamba, okuva ku buwuka , obuwuka, akawuka akaleeta endwadde).

Waliwo ebika by’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes bibiri ebikulu:

• T lymphocytes (T cells): Zino ze zifuga enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri. Era zisobola okuzuula obutoffaali obulina akawuka n’obutoffaali bwa kookolo ne zilumba butereevu n’okuzisaanyaawo.
• B lymphocytes (oba B cells): Zino ze zikola ebintu ebiyitibwa antibodies. Antibodies kika kya puloteyina. Okubeera omutuufu, bino biringa ebyokulwanyisa ebikoleddwa mu ngeri ey’enjawulo okutegeera n’okulwanyisa abalumbaganyi abagwiira nga akawuka ne bakitiriya.

Kale, mpeereza ki obutoffaali buno obuyitibwa lymphocytes bwe buwa emibiri gyaffe?

Lymphocytes si butoffaali butono bwokka. Bakola obuweereza bungi nnyo eri emibiri gyaffe.

Okusinga, lymphocytes zino ziyamba okulwanyisa obutoffaali bwa kookolo n’okulwanyisa antigens nga virus ne bacteria okuva ebweru.

Si ekyo kyokka, naye n’obutoffaali buno obuyitibwa lymphocytes nabwo bulina okujjukira okwewuunyisa. Bajjukira buli antigen gye basanga. Teebereza, singa walina omusujja gw’ensiri ng’omwana omuto , ojja kuddamu okufuna omusujja rarely very rarely nga akuze, nedda? Bwe kityo bwe kiri ne ku bulwadde bw’enkoko. Ekyo kiva ku kujjukira kw’obutoffaali buno obuyitibwa lymphocytes. Lymphocytes ezimu, oluvannyuma lw’okusisinkana antigen, zifuuka “obutoffaali obujjukira”. Olwo singa antigen y’emu eddamu okujja mu mubiri, obutoffaali buno obw’okujjukira bugitegeera mangu ne buddamu mangu. Eno y’ensonga lwaki endwadde ezimu tetuzifuna mirundi ebiri. Olw’omusingi guno kwe tusobola okukuumibwa okuva ku ndwadde ezimu nga tugema.

Obutoffaali bwa T n’obutoffaali bwa B bikola bitya?

Obutoffaali buno obwa T n’obutoffaali bwa B byombi bikolagana, naye emirimu gyabyo gya njawulo katono.

Omulimu gw’obutoffaali bwa T

Obutoffaali bwa T businga kuvunaanyizibwa ku kusaanyaawo obutoffaali obulina akawuka n’okufuga engeri omubiri gwaffe gye gukwatamu ebintu ebitali bimu. Kyokka, obutoffaali bwa T bungi bwetaaga obuyambi bw’obutoffaali obulala obw’abaserikale b’omubiri okusobola okukola. Obutoffaali bwa T bwe bumala okukola, bweyongera (kwe kugamba, bweyongera obunene) ne bwakuguka ne bufuuka ebika by’obutoffaali bwa T eby’enjawulo. Ebika bino bye bino:

• Cytotoxic T cells: Buno bulinga amagye ag’enjawulo agali mu lutalo. Obutoffaali buno bwekwata ku antigens ku butoffaali obulina obulwadde oba obutali bwa bulijjo. Oluvannyuma zikola ebituli mu luwuzi lw’obutoffaali bw’obutoffaali obulina akawuka, ne zikuba enziyiza , ne zizitta.
• Obutoffaali bwa T obuyamba: Nga erinnya bwe liraga, buno buyamba obutoffaali obulala obuziyiza endwadde. Ebimu biyamba obutoffaali bwa B okukola obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde. Ebirala biyamba obutoffaali obuyitibwa cytotoxic T cells okukola.
• Obutoffaali bwa T obulung’amya: Obutoffaali buno bukola ebintu ebiyamba okumalawo enkola y’abaserikale b’omubiri. Oluusi, era ziyamba okutangira omubiri gwaffe gwennyini okuba n’ebikolwa eby’obulabe.

Enkola y’obutoffaali bwa B

Obutoffaali bwa B bulina ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku ngulu kwabyo ebikwatagana ne antigens. Obutoffaali bwa B buyiga okutegeera antigens zino ez’enjawulo ne bukola antibodies ezenjawulo okulumba buli emu. Obutoffaali bwa B buddamu antigens mu ngeri bbiri:

• Okuddamu kw’abaserikale b’omubiri okusookerwako: Antigen bw’ekwatagana n’ekirungo ekikwata, obutoffaali bwa B busikirizibwa. Obutoffaali bwa B obumu bufuuka “obutoffaali obujjukira.” Obutoffaali bwa B obulala bufuuka “obutoffaali bwa plasma.” Obutoffaali buno obwa pulasima bukola obusimu obuziyiza endwadde obubeera obw’enjawulo ku antigen eyasikirizibwa. Kyokka, kiyinza okutwala ennaku eziwerako omuwendo ogwetaagisa ogw’obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde.
• Okuddamu kw’abaserikale b’omubiri okw’okubiri: Teebereza ekibaawo singa antigen y’emu eyajja emabegako edda mu mubiri. Olwo, obutoffaali obwo obw’okujjukira bukijjukira. Zikula mangu, zifuuka obutoffaali bwa pulasima, era zikola obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde mu bwangu ddala. Eno era y’ensonga lwaki owona mangu ng’olwadde omulundi ogw’okubiri.

Kale, obutoffaali buno obuyitibwa lymphocytes bukolebwa wa mu mubiri gwaffe era ne bubeera wa?

Lymphocytes zikolebwa mu busimu bwaffe obw’amagumba.Olwo, zikula, ekitegeeza nti zikula bulungi, ne ziyingira mu musaayi. Ensigo ezikuze zisobola okusangibwa mu musaayi gwaffe ne mu bitundu byonna eby'enkola y'amazzi .

Ensigo ezimu eziyitibwa lymphocytes zigenda mu kifo ekiyitibwa thymus gland yaffe . Ensigo ezo eziyitibwa lymphocytes zifuuka obutoffaali bwa T. Ensigo endala zigenda mu nnywanto zaffe n’ebitundu ebirala. Abo be bafuuka obutoffaali bwa B.

Lymphocytes zifaanana zitya?

Lymphocytes butoffaali obunene katono okusinga obutoffaali obumyufu . Kyokka, ntono nnyo nga teziyinza kulabibwa mu microscope. Buli lymphocyte erina ekitundu ekinene wakati. Nucleus eno ya langi ya kakobe enzirugavu. Ekintu ekiringa jelly ekikyetoolodde, ekiyitibwa cytoplasm , kya kakobe omutangaavu.

Omuwendo gwa bulijjo ogw’obutoffaali obukola omusaayi (lymphocytes) guli gutya?

Omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes mu mubiri gwaffe guyinza okwawukana okusinziira ku muntu. Kisinziira ku bintu ng’emyaka, eggwanga, ekikula ky’omuntu, obuwanvu, n’engeri gye tubeera.

• Mu muntu omukulu, ebiseera ebisinga wabaawo obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes wakati wa 1,000 ne 4,800 buli microliter y’omusaayi.
• Ku baana abato, omuwendo guno gusingako katono. Ziyinza okuba n’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes wakati wa 3,000 ne 9,500 buli microliter y’omusaayi.

Mu budde obutuufu, lymphocytes zikola wakati wa 20% ne 40% ku butoffaali obweru bwonna mu mubiri gwaffe.

Kiki ekibaawo singa omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes guba mungi?

Omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes mu musaayi bwe guba mungi okusinga ogwa bulijjo, tukiyita lymphocytosis . Kino kitera okubaawo olw’obulwadde oba obulwadde. Emibiri gyaffe oluusi gikola obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes obw’enjawulo okuyamba okulwanyisa yinfekisoni.

Kyokka embeera ezimu ez’amaanyi nazo zisobola okuvaako omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes okweyongera. Ezimu ku bukwakkulizo buno mulimu:

• Obulwadde bw’ekibumba
• Obulwadde bwa kabootongo
• Obulwadde bwa mononucleosis
• Akafuba
• Akawuka ka siriimu ne mukenenya
• Obulwadde bwa Hypothyroidism
• Yinfekisoni nga okusesema , toxoplasmosis, oba cytomegalovirus
• Kookolo w’omusaayi nga lymphoma oba leukemia

Kiki ekibaawo singa omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes guba mutono?

Omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes mu musaayi bwe guba mutono okusinga ku gwa bulijjo, tukiyita lymphocytopenia oba lymphopenia . Kino kiyinza okubaawo olw’omusujja oba yinfekisoni endala entonotono. Kyokka, obulwadde oba embeera ey’amaanyi ennyo nayo esobola okuvaako omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes okukendeera. Bino bye bimu ku bivuddeko:

• Akawuka ka siriimu oba mukenenya
• Akafuba oba omusujja gwa Typhoid
• Obulwadde bw’ekibumba obuva ku kawuka
• Endwadde z’omusaayi nga Hodgkin’s disease
• Endwadde z’abaserikale b’omubiri nga lupus
• Embeera ez’obuzaale ezitatera kubaawo nga Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), Ataxia-telangiectasia, DiGeorge syndrome, n’obulwadde bwa Wiskott-Aldrich
• Obujjanjabi nga obujjanjabi obw’amasannyalaze oba eddagala eriweweeza ku bulwadde

Bikebere ki ebikebera oba obutoffaali bwange obw’omusaayi (lymphocyte levels) mulamu bulungi?

Waliwo okukebera omusaayi okuwerako okuyinza okuzuula omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes mu musaayi gwo. Ebikulu bye bino:

• Absolute Lymphocyte Count: Kino kitundu ku kukeberebwa okwa bulijjo okwa Complete Blood Count (CBC). Kipima omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes mu musaayi gwo ng’omuwendo omutuufu, so si nga ebitundu ku kikumi.
• Flow cytometry: Kino kigezo ekikolebwa mu laboratory ey’enjawulo. Sampuli y’omusaayi gwo esaanuusibwa mu mazzi n’eyita mu kyuma kya layisi ekiyitibwa flow cytometer. Ekitangaala kya layisi kireetera obutoffaali bwo obw’omusaayi okusaasaana ne bufuuka enkola. Enkola zino zisobozesa ebika by’obutoffaali eby’enjawulo okulabibwa obulungi n’okubalibwa.

Bubonero ki obutera okulabika ku mbeera ezikwata ku lymphocytes?

Ebiseera ebisinga, tewali bubonero bwa njawulo bwa lymphocytosis (okweyongera mu lymphocytes) oba lymphocytopenia (okukendeera mu lymphocytes). Kyokka singa omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes gweyongera olw’obulwadde oba kookolo, obubonero obukwatagana n’obulwadde obwo buyinza okulabika. Obumu ku bubonero buno mulimu:

• Ennywanto z’omusaayi ezizimba
• Entuuyo z’ekiro
• Omusujja
• Obulumi mu lubuto
• Okubulwa okwagala okulya
• Okussa obubi

N’ekisembayo, ekintu ekisinga obukulu ky’olina okujjukira!

Lymphocytes kika kya butoffaali obweru kikulu nnyo mu mubiri gwaffe. Zino ze zisinga okutuyamba abaserikale b’omubiri era zitukuuma obutakwatibwa ndwadde. Okukebera omusaayi okwangu kuyinza okukubuulira obutoffaali bw’omusaayi (lymphocytes) bw’olina.

Kiyinza okukutiisa katono okuzuula oba lymphocytes zo ziri waggulu oba wansi okusinga ku za bulijjo. Naye ebiseera ebisinga, enkyukakyuka mu muwendo gw’obutoffaali bw’omubiri gwo eyinza okutegeeza nti omubiri gwo gulwanyisa yinfekisoni. N’olwekyo teweeraliikiriranga mu ngeri eteetaagisa.

Bw’oba ​​olina okubuusabuusa oba ekibuuzo kyonna ku nsonga eno, ekisinga obulungi kwe kulaba omusawo wo n’okyogerako. Omusawo ajja kusobola okuzuula ekituufu ekivaako n’akola ekyetaagisa okukuzza mu mbeera eya bulijjo.