Wali weebuuzizza oba emibiri gyaffe givaamu omusaayi omupya buli kiseera? Yee, kituufu. Mu busawo, kino kye tuyita hematopoiesis. Mu ngeri ennyangu, eno y’enkola eyeewuunyisa emibiri gyaffe gye gikola obutoffaali bw’omusaayi oba obutoffaali bw’omusaayi. Okufaananako n’okugoba mmotoka enkadde n’ogula empya ddala, emibiri gyaffe buli kiseera giggyamu obutoffaali obukadde ne gikola obutoffaali obupya obupya mu kifo kyabwo. Eno y’engeri emibiri gyaffe gye gikuumamu omusaayi buli kiseera. Tekyewuunyisa? Enkola eno etandika nga tetunnazaalibwa era n’egenda mu maaso mu bulamu bwaffe bwonna.
Okukola omusaayi kye ki? Mu ngeri ennyangu...
Okay, ka tulabe ekigambo kino Hematopoiesis kye kitegeeza. Wadde nga kiyinza okulabika ng’ekigambo ekyewuunyisa, amakulu gaakyo mangu nnyo. Ekigambo kino kiva mu kugatta ebigambo bibiri ebiva mu lulimi Oluyonaani.
- 'Haîma' (Haima): Kino kitegeeza 'omusaayi' oba ' omusaayi '.
- Poesis (poesis): Kino kitegeeza ‘okukola ekintu’ oba ‘okufulumya’.
Olwo ebigambo bino ebibiri bwe bigattibwa wamu, ekirowoozo kya
‘okutondebwa kw’omusaayi’ oba
‘okukola omusaayi’ kivaayo. Kyangu nnyo okutegeera, si bwe kiri? Oluusi enkola eno eyitibwa
hematopoiesis era eyitibwa hemopoiesis, hematogenesis oba hemogenesis. Ebigambo bino byonna bitegeeza kimu.
Bika ki eby’obutoffaali bw’omusaayi obukolebwa omusaayi?
Omusaayi gwaffe tegukolebwa butoffaali bwa kika kimu. Nga emmere bwerimu ebika by’emmere eby’enjawulo ng’omuceere, entungo, n’ebyennyanja, n’omusaayi gwaffe gulimu ebika by’obutoffaali eby’enjawulo. Ebika by'obutoffaali bino byonna bikolebwa okuyita mu nkola y'okukola
omusaayi . Ka tulabe kye bali.
Obutoffaali obumyufu (Erythrocytes) .
Bino bye bika by’obutoffaali ebisinga obungi mu musaayi gwaffe. Obadde okimanyi nti omulimu omukulu ogw’obutoffaali obumyufu kwe
kutambuza omukka gwa oxygen oguyingira mu mawuggwe nga tussa mu bitundu ebirala byonna n’ebitundu by’omubiri mu mubiri gwonna. Obutoffaali buno bukola nga ttanka ya oxygen. Ekirala, obutoffaali buno obumyufu buyamba okuzza omukka oguyitibwa kaboni dayokisayidi gwe tutayagala ogukolebwa mu mubiri gwaffe mu mawuggwe ne gugufulumya nga tufulumya omukka. Enkola y'okukola obutoffaali obumyufu eyitibwa
erythropoiesis .
Obutoffaali obweru (Leukocytes) .
Obutoffaali obweru bulinga abakuumi mu mibiri gyaffe. Okufaananako eggye erikuuma eggwanga, obutoffaali buno
butukuuma obutakwatibwa ndwadde nga bulwanyisa obuwuka, gamba nga obuwuka ne akawuka, obuyingira mu mibiri gyaffe. Tekikoma awo, obutoffaali buno obweru era buyamba okusaanyaawo obutoffaali obutali bwa bulijjo obukula munda mu mibiri gyaffe, gamba ng’obutoffaali bwa kookolo. Enkola obutoffaali obweru mwe bukolebwa y’eyitibwa
Obulwadde bwa Leukopoiesis. Tewali kika kimu kyokka eky’obutoffaali obweru, wabula ebika ebikulu ebiwerako: Mu bino, neutrophils, basophils, ne eosinophils zirina emirimu egy’enjawulo ennyo, n’olwekyo byonna awamu biyitibwa granulocytes . Platelets (oba Thrombocytes) .
Platelets ziringa abasawo abato mu mibiri gyaffe. Bw’oba n’ekiwundu ekitono n’otandika okuvaamu omusaayi, obutoffaali buno buyamba okukomya omusaayi. Bino bitundutundu bya butoffaali bitono ebikwatagana. Zikuŋŋaana mu kifo ekiwundu we kiri, ne zikola ekizimba, ne zisiba ekiwundu. Kiba ng’okuteeka ku pulasita. Eno y’ensonga lwaki omusaayi tegukulukuta mu mibiri gyaffe nga tekyetaagisa. Enkola y'okukola platelets eyitibwa thrombopoiesis . Enkola eno ey’okukola omusaayi ebeera wa?
Ekibuuzo ekikulu ennyo! Enkola eno eyeewuunyisa eyitibwa hematopoiesis okusinga ebeera mu kitundu ekiringa sipongi munda mu magumba gaffe. Kino tukiyita obusigo bw’amagumba. Olabye ekitundu ekimyufu munda mu ggumba ng’olya enkoko? Bw’atyo obusigo buno bw’amagumba bwe buli. Okutondebwa kw'omusaayi mu ngeri eno munda mu busimu bw'amagumba kiyitibwa medullary hematopoiesis . Obutoffaali bw’omusaayi obukolebwa mu ngeri eno olwo ne butambula mu mubiri gwaffe gwonna nga buyita mu misuwa gyaffe. Kyokka oluusi naddala mu mbeera z’obulwadde ezimu, omusaayi gusobola okukolebwa mu bitundu by’omubiri gwaffe ebirala ng’oggyeeko obusigo bw’amagumba, okugeza, mu bitundu by’omubiri ng’ekibumba n’ennywanto . Okutondebwa kw'omusaayi ebweru w'obusimu bw'amagumba mu ngeri eno kiyitibwa extramedullary hematopoiesis . Waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono mu kifo omusaayi guno we gukolebwa, nga tetunnazaalibwa n’oluvannyuma lw’okuzaalibwa. Nga tannazaalibwa
Omusaayi guno gutandika okutondebwa nga tukyali mu lubuto lwa maama waffe, kwe kugamba, ng’embuto.- Ekisooka, mu wiiki 3 ezisooka ez’olubuto, ekika ky’obutoffaali obumyufu butandika okutondebwa mu nsengekera eyeetoolodde embuto eyitibwa ensawo y’enkwaso . Zino zikula kitono okusinga obutoffaali obumyufu bwe tukola ng’abantu abakulu.
- Olwo, nga wayise emyezi nga 2-3 ng’oli lubuto, obutoffaali obumyufu n’obutoffaali obuyitibwa platelets bitandika okutondebwa mu kibumba n’ennywanto. Obutoffaali obweru butondebwa mu kibumba, mu nseke, ne mu nnywanto ya thymus.
- Omwezi ogw’okutaano ng’olubuto luweza, omusaayi ogusinga gubeera mu busimu bw’amagumba. Kyokka, ebika by’obutoffaali obweru ebimu nabyo bikolebwa mu nseke, enseke, n’ebitundu ebirala eby’omusaayi.
Oluvannyuma lw’okuzaalibwa
Oluvannyuma lw’okuzaalibwa, okuva mu buwere okutuuka mu bukulu, omusaayi gwaffe ogusinga gubeera mu busimu bw’amagumba. Kyokka, ekika ky’obutoffaali obweru obw’enjawulo obuyitibwa lymphocytes nakyo kikula mu nseke yaffe eya thymus. Kyokka mu mbeera z’obulwadde ezimu, okugeza, singa obusigo bw’amagumba tebusobola kukola butoffaali bwa musaayi bulungi, omubiri gwaffe gugezaako okuddamu okukola omusaayi mu bifo omusaayi we gwakolebwa nga tetunnazaalibwa, gamba ng’ekibumba, enseke oba ennywanto. Kino kiringa akakodyo akakozesebwa mu mbeera ey’amangu. Enkola y’okukola omusaayi (hematopoiesis) ebaawo etya?
Eno nkola nzibu nnyo, naye nga ntegeke nnyo. Lowooza ku bika by’obutoffaali bw’omusaayi eby’enjawulo ebiyinza okukolebwa okuva mu katoffaali akamu! Ebika by’obutoffaali buno byonna birina akatoffaali akafaanagana, akatandikirawo. Kino tukiyita obutoffaali obukola omusaayi (HSC) . Kino kiringa "kasenge kakulu." Akatoffaali kano aka HSC kasooka kukula ne kafuuka akatoffaali akasookerwako oba akatoffaali aka "blast" . Akatoffaali kano akasookerwako katoffaali akali mu kkubo okufuuka akatoffaali k’omusaayi akagere, naye nga tekannakula mu bujjuvu. Olwo akatoffaali kano akasookerwako kayita mu kugabanyaamu obutoffaali okulala okuwerako ne kakyuka nga tekunnafuuka katoffaali ka musaayi akakula mu bujjuvu era akakola. Waliwo ebitundu ebikulu bisatu eby’okukola omusaayi, nga byesigamiziddwa ku ngeri ebika by’obutoffaali bw’omusaayi ebisatu bye twayogeddeko emabegako gye bikolebwamu:- Erythropoiesis: Okukola obutoffaali obumyufu.
- Leukopoiesis: Okukola obutoffaali obweru.
- Thrombopoiesis: Okukola obutoffaali obukola omusaayi (platelets).
Olw’enkyukakyuka zino zonna, obutoffaali obwo obw’olubereberye (HSC) bweyongera okuba obw’enjawulo. Kwe kugamba, kifiirwa engeri y’obutoffaali obusibuka mu musaayi ne kifuna engeri y’obutoffaali obumyufu, obutoffaali obweru oba obusimu obuyitibwa platelet. Erythropoiesis (Okutondebwa kw’obutoffaali obumyufu) .
Obutoffaali obumyufu bukolebwa mu magumba gaffe. Akatoffaali akasookerwako (HSC) kasooka kufuuka katoffaali akasookerwako akayitibwa erythroblast . Olwo erythroblast eno efuuka obutoffaali obumyufu obutakuze obuyitibwa reticulocyte . N’ekisembayo, reticulocyte eno efuuka obutoffaali obumyufu obukula mu bujjuvu, obukola. Engeri obutoffaali obweru gye butondebwamu (Leukopoiesis) .
Obutoffaali obweru bwonna tebutondebwa mu ngeri y’emu. Granulocytes ze twayogeddeko emabegako - kwe kugamba, basophils, eosinophils, ne neutrophils - zitondebwa mu ngeri ya njawulo katono okusinga monocytes ne lymphocytes. Engeri granulocytes gye zikolebwamu
Ebika byonna ebisatu ebya granulocytes bikolebwa mu busimu bw’amagumba. Akatoffaali k’omusaayi akasookerwako (HSC) bwe kagenda mu maaso n’okuzikola, kakula mu kkubo eriyitibwa myeloid cell line . Ekigambo "myeloid" kitegeeza "ekikwatagana n'obusimu bw'amagumba." Kale, obutoffaali buno butuumiddwa amannya kubanga bukolebwa mu busimu bw’amagumba. Okusobola okukola granulocyte, akatoffaali ka HSC kasooka kufuuka katoffaali akasookerwako akayitibwa myeloblast . Olwo ekirungo kino ekiyitibwa myeloblast kifuuka myelocyte , era ku nkomerero ne kyawukana ne kifuuka basophil, eosinophil, oba neutrophil. Engeri obutoffaali bwa mononuclear gye butondebwamu
Monocytes zikolebwa mu busimu bw’amagumba. Lymphocytes - kwe kugamba, B-cells, T-cells ne natural killer cells - zikolebwa mu busimu bw’amagumba n’ebitundu ebirala ebiyitibwa lymphoid tissues, nga thymus gland. Okugeza, obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes butondebwa mu busimu bw’amagumba ku myaka emito ennyo, oluvannyuma ne busenguka ne bugenda mu nseke za thymus, gye zikula ne zifuuka obutoffaali bwa T.- Monocytes zikula nga ziyita mu layini y’obutoffaali bwa myeloid : Olw’okuba nazo zikolebwa mu busimu bw’amagumba, zisooka kukula ne zifuuka obutoffaali obusookerwako obuyitibwa monoblast , era awo we zifuuka monocytes ezikula mu bujjuvu.
- Lymphocytes zikula ku layini y’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphoid cell line: kubanga zikolebwa mu bitundu by’omubiri ebiyitibwa lymphoid tissues, gamba ng’obusimu bw’amagumba n’endwadde ya thymus. N’olwekyo, obutoffaali bwa HSC obufuuka obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes bukula ne bufuuka obutoffaali obusookerwako obuyitibwa lymphoblasts . Zino ze zituuka ekiseera ne zaawukana ne zifuuka obutoffaali bwa T, obutoffaali bwa B oba obutoffaali obutta obw’obutonde.
Okutondebwa kw’obutoffaali obukola omusaayi (Thrombopoiesis) .
Okukola platelets era kubaawo mu busimu bw’amagumba. Wano, akatoffaali k’omusaayi akasookerwako (HSC) kasooka kukula ne kafuuka akatoffaali akasookerwako akayitibwa megakaryoblast . Olwo megakaryoblast eno n'ekula n'efuuka akatoffaali akanene akayitibwa megakaryocyte . N’ekisembayo, obutoffaali obuyitibwa platelets butondebwa ng’ebitundu bya megakaryocyte eno bimenyese. Tekyewuunyisa? Enkola eno ey’okukola omusaayi etwala bbanga ki?
Mu butuufu, sipiidi obutoffaali bw’omusaayi gye bukolebwamu esinziira ku byetaago by’omubiri gwo. Okugeza bw’olwala omubiri gwo gweyongera okukola obutoffaali obweru okulwanyisa obuwuka. Mu budde obwabulijjo, enkola y’okukola omusaayi ebaawo obutasalako, kubanga obutoffaali bw’omusaayi nabwo bulina obulamu obugere. Akatoffaali kamu bwe kafa, omubiri omulamu gukola akapya okudda mu kifo kyabwo. Obulamu bw’obutoffaali bw’omusaayi buli bwe buti:- Obutoffaali obumyufu: Buwangaala ennaku nga 120.
- Obutoffaali obweru: Buwangaala okuva ku ssaawa ntono okutuuka ku nnaku ntono.
- Platelets: Ziwangaala wakati w’ennaku 5 ne 9.
Kale, omubiri gwaffe buli kiseera gugoba obutoffaali buno obukadde ne gugenda mu maaso n’okukola obupya.
Watya singa wabaawo obuzibu mu nkola y’okukola omusaayi?
Emibiri gyaffe mulungi nnyo mu kufuga okukola obutoffaali buno, ekitegeeza nti tulina obutoffaali bw’omusaayi obutuufu ddala. Kyokka, embeera ezimu ez’obujjanjabi zisobola okutaataaganya enkola eno ey’okukola omusaayi. Kino kiyinza okuvaamu obutoffaali bw’omusaayi okukolebwa obutono oba obungi. Singa omuwendo gw’obutoffaali bw’omusaayi gukyuka mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo mu ngeri eno, obubonero obw’enjawulo n’embeera z’obujjanjabi bisobola okubaawo.- Ebizibu ebiva mu butoffaali obumyufu:
- Singa omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obumyufu gukendeera, kiyitibwa anemia . Oyinza okuwulira ng’okooye era ng’oli munafu kubanga ebitundu by’omubiri gwo tebifuna mukka gwa oxygen gumala.
- Okweyongera kw'omuwendo gw'obutoffaali obumyufu kuyitibwa erythrocytosis . Mu mbeera entono, kino kiyinza okuleeta obubonero obumu obutanyuma. Kyokka mu mbeera enzibu, okweyongera kw’obutoffaali obumyufu kuyinza okuvaako omusaayi okugonza, ne kyongera obulabe bw’okulwala omutima oba okusannyalala.
- Ebizibu ebikwata ku butoffaali obweru:
- Singa obutoffaali bwo obweru bukendeera, kiyitibwa leukopenia . Kino kyongera obulabe bw’okufuna yinfekisoni.
- Okweyongera kw'omuwendo gw'obutoffaali obweru kuyitibwa leukocytosis . Kino kitera okuba akabonero akalaga nti omuntu alina yinfekisoni. Kyokka oluusi obutoffaali obweru bwe buba bungi nnyo kiyinza okuba akabonero akalaga obulwadde oba kookolo.
- Ebizibu ebikwatagana n’obutoffaali obukola omusaayi:
- Omuwendo gw'obutoffaali obutono obuyitibwa platelets guyitibwa thrombocytopenia . Embeera eno esobola okukuleetera okuvaamu omusaayi amangu n’okunyiga amangu.
- Singa omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obukola omusaayi gweyongera, kiyitibwa thrombocytosis . Kino kyongera obulabe bw’okufuna okuzimba omusaayi okw’amaanyi.
Embeera ki ezitaataaganya enkola y’okukola omusaayi?
Waliwo ebintu ebiwerako ebiyinza okutaataaganya enkola y’okukola omusaayi. Ebimu ku bino bisobola okubaako ebizibu ebitonotono, ate ebirala biyinza okuba eby’amaanyi. Ng’ekyokulabirako, bwe tukaddiwa, amasavu gasobola okuzimba mu magumba gaffe ekikendeeza ku busobozi bw’okukola omusaayi. Endwadde ezeekuusa ku musaayi ne kookolo w’omusaayi , gamba nga leukemia, lymphoma, ne myeloma, nabyo bisobola okutaataaganya okukola obutoffaali bw’omusaayi. Endwadde zino zireeta obutoffaali bw’omusaayi obutali bwa bulijjo, obulwadde okukula ennyo. Ekirala eddagala erimu liyinza okutaataaganya enkola y’okukola omusaayi, ekivaako omuwendo gw’obutoffaali bw’omusaayi okukendeera. Ng’ekyokulabirako, eddagala erikozesebwa okusaanyaawo obutoffaali bwa kookolo, liyinza okuvaako omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obweru okukendeera. Kino kiyitibwa neutropenia . Kale, eddagala erimu era liyinza okuleeta okukendeera kw’obutoffaali bw’omusaayi ng’ekizibu. Ekintu ekisinga obukulu kyetwagala okutwala awaka okuva mu mboozi eno (Take-Home Message)
Okay, kale kati okitegedde nti hematopoiesis eno, enkola y’okukola omusaayi gye twogeddeko leero, kintu ekibaawo buli kiseera, ekintu ekyetaagisa ennyo mu kubeerawo kwaffe okulamu n’okuwangaala. Omusaayi guno ogutasalako kikulu nnyo mu kuwa omukka gwa oxygen mu bitundu by’omubiri gwaffe n’okutukuuma obutakwatibwa ndwadde. Jjukira nti enkola eno esinga kubaawo munda mu busimu bwaffe obw’amagumba. Ebintu bingi ebikosa obulamu bwaffe nabyo bisobola okukosa obusobozi buno obw’okukola omusaayi.
N’olwekyo, okukuuma obulamu bwaffe okutwalira awamu nga tulya emmere ennungi, nga tukola dduyiro, era nga tugoberera amagezi g’abasawo kijja kuyamba okukuuma enkola eno eyeewuunyisa ey’okukola omusaayi ng’etambula bulungi. Bw’oba olina ekibuuzo ekirala kyonna ku nsonga eno, totya kwogera na musawo.
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