Wali weebuuzizzaako omulimu ogugenda mu maaso munda mu mubiri gwo, nga totegedde wadde? Lowooza ku nsonga eno, omutima gwo okukuba, okussa kwo, okujjukira ffeesi gy’olabye, okutambuza emikono n’amagulu... Bino byonna tebibaawo bwereere. Emabega wa bino byonna waliwo obubaka obutonotono obw’eddagala. Leero, tugenda kwogera ku omu ku babaka abo abakulu ennyo mu mibiri gyaffe. Erinnya lyayo ye acetylcholine, oba (ACh) mu bufunze.
Kale ono acetylcholine (ACh) y’ani?
Mu ngeri ennyangu, acetylcholine (ACh) kika kya ddagala eriyitibwa neurotransmitter. Kilowoozeeko ng’okuyungibwa kw’essimu wakati w’obwongo bwaffe n’omubiri gwaffe gwonna. Kale bino (neurotransmitters) biringa ‘ababaka’ abatambuza obubaka nga budda n’okudda okuyita mu kuyungibwa okwo.
Acetylcholine ye busimu obutambuza obusimu obusiikuula. Ekyo kitegeeza nti omubaka ono agenda mu katoffaali k'obusimu akaddako n'a "akazuukusa," "agikuba enduulu ennungi," ng'agamba nti, "Okay, kati kiseera kyo, twala obubaka buno mu maaso."
Erinnya lyayo lirina okuva ku bintu ebibiri bye gukolebwamu. Kibinja kya acetyl era ekiriisa ekiyitibwa choline. Choline ono tusobola okumufuna okuva mu mmere. Busangibwa mu bintu ng’obukuta bw’amagi, soya, n’enva endiirwa n’entangawuuzi. Era kikolebwa ekibumba kyaffe.
Acetylcholine akola emirimu mingi emikulu mu mibiri gyaffe. Kyetaagisa nnyo naddala mu kutambula kw'ebinywa kyeyagalire . Era kikola kinene mu mirimu gy’obwongo gamba ng’okujjukira , okulowooza, n’okuyiga ebintu ebipya .
Kino kitondebwa kitya munda mu mibiri gyaffe?
Tulina enziyiza mu mibiri gyaffe eyitibwa ‘choline acetyltransferase’. Kilowoozeeko ng’omufumbi. Enziyiza eno y’egatta choline eyayogeddwako emabegako n’ekibinja kya acetyl okukola ekirungo ekiwooma ekiyitibwa messenger acetylcholine (ACh). Enkola eno ebaawo ku nkomerero z’obutoffaali bwaffe obw’obusimu.
Okay, kati ka tulabe obubaka buno bwe butambula.
Oluvannyuma lw’okukola acetylcholine (ACh), aterekebwa ku nkomerero y’akatoffaali k’obusimu, ng’omugogo gw’ebbaluwa mu posita. ACh eno eterekeddwa efulumizibwa ng’obubaka butuuse okuva mu bwongo.
Olwo ACh eno n’ebuuka mu bbanga ettono wakati w’obutoffaali bw’obusimu bubiri. Ekituli kino kiyitibwa enjatika y’obusimu (synaptic cleft). Kilowoozeeko ng’obubaka obubuuka okusomoka omugga.
Akatoffaali k’obusimu akali okumpi naako kalina ebifo eby’enjawulo we bikwata ACh eno eyingidde. Okubeera omutuufu, kiringa ekisumuluzo ekituukagana n’ekisumuluzo. Zino tuziyita ebikwata (receptors). Waliwo ebika bibiri ebikulu eby’ebikwata acetylcholine:
1. Ebirungo ebikwata nicotinic
2. Ebikwata ku muscarinic
Ekisumuluzo kya ACh bwe kisiba ku kimu ku bisumuluzo bino ebibiri ebya Ibi, obubaka buyisibwa mu kasenge akaddako. Mu ngeri eno, obubaka buyita okuva mu katoffaali okudda mu kalala ne butuuka mu kifo ekituufu (okugeza, ekinywa).
Obubaka bwe bumala okutuusibwa, waliwo omuntu alongoosa ACh esigadde mu bbanga eryo. Ekyo kirungo ekiyitibwa ‘acetylcholinesterase.’ Kino kye kikola kwe kumenya ACh esigaddewo n’agizza mu bitundu ebipya ddala . Olwo ebitundu ebyo bisobola okuddamu okukozesebwa okukola ACh empya. Kiba ng’okugogola ekkubo ng’obubaka bumaze okutuusibwa n’okkiriza obubaka obuddako okuyita.
Bintu ki ebikulu acetylcholine (ACh) by’akola ku mibiri gyaffe?
Acetylcholine (ACh) alina emirimu mingi. Omulimu gwayo gwawukana okusinziira ku kifo ky’ekwata. Ka tulabe emirimu gyayo emikulu.
| Ekika kya Receptor | Omulimu Omukulu |
|---|---|
| Bwe yeegattibwa ku bikwata ku muscarinic |
|
| Bwe yeegattira ku bikwata nicotinic |
|
Ebika by’ebikwata byombi byenyigira mu buli kimu okuva ku kukuuma ebijjukizo byaffe, okutuuka ku kukola ebijjukizo ebipya, okubitereka, n’okubijjukira . Era bikulu nnyo mu bwongo, eri okufaayo kwaffe, okwagala kwaffe okuyiga, n’omutendera gw’otulo otungi oguyitibwa REM (Rapid Eye Movement).
Endwadde ki eziyinza okubaawo singa kino kikendeezebwa?
Okukendeera kw’omuwendo gwa acetylcholine (ACh) mu mubiri gwaffe kiyinza okuvaako embeera z’obujjanjabi eziwerako ez’amaanyi. Ebikulu bye bino:
- Obulwadde bwa Alzheimer: Buno bulwadde obusinga kukwata ku kujjukira. Kizuuliddwa nti abantu abalina obulwadde bwa Alzheimer balina ekirungo kya acetylcholine ekitono ennyo mu bwongo.
- Myasthenia gravis: Buno bulwadde buva ku busimu obuziyiza endwadde. Kino kitegeeza nti abaserikale b’omubiri gwaffe bennyini batukolako. Ekibaawo wano nti obusimu bwaffe obuziyiza endwadde bugenda ne bwonoona ebirungo ebiyitibwa acetylcholine receptors (ACh) mu binywa. Olwo ACh n’eba tesobola kuweereza bubaka, n’olwekyo ebinywa binafuwa mpolampola.
- Obulwadde bwa Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Kino nakyo kireeta ebinywa okunafuwa. Naye ekivaako kya njawulo. Ekibaawo wano nti obutoffaali bw’obusimu tebufulumya ACh emala.
Ebintu ebirala ebikosa eddagala lya acetylcholine (ACh) .
Eky’ennaku, abamu bakozesezza okumanya engeri acetylcholine gy’akola okukola obulabe ku bantu.
Okugeza, ggaasi z’obusimu nga sarin n’eddagala erimu eritta ebiwuka zikola nga ziziyiza ekirungo ekirongoosa ekiyitibwa acetylcholinesterase kye twayogeddeko emabegako. Kino kisobozesa ACh okukuŋŋaanyizibwa, n’esannyalaza ebinywa n’okutuuka n’okufa.
Ate era, obutwa bwa black widow spider bwe bumira, buleetera emiwendo gya ACh okulinnya ennyo. Kino kiyinza okuvaako ebinywa okukonziba ennyo, okunyiganyiga, n’okusannyalala, n’okufa n’okufa.
Mu mbeera ey’amangu ng’obutwa, ekisinga obulungi kwe kugenda amangu ddala mu ddwaaliro erikuli okumpi Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) . Bwe kiba kyetaagisa, abasawo bagenda kutuukirira ekitongole kya National Poisons Information Center mu ddwaaliro lya Colombo National Hospital okufuna amagezi.
Waliwo eddagala lyonna erigenderera kino?
Yee. Eddagala erigenderera acetylcholine likozesebwa okujjanjaba embeera ezimu ez’obujjanjabi.
Ekika ky’eddagala ekikulu ye ‘cholinesterase inhibitors’. Eddagala lino likola nga liziyiza enziyiza emenya ACh. Kino kisobozesa ACh okusigala mu bbanga wakati w’obutoffaali bw’obusimu okumala ebbanga eddene, n’eyongera ku mirimu gyayo. Eddagala lino (e.g. donepezil, rivastigmine) likozesebwa okujjanjaba embeera nga ACh mutono, gamba ng’obulwadde bwa Alzheimer ne myasthenia gravis .
Ekyokulabirako ekirala ye Botulinum toxin , oba nga ffenna bwe tukimanyi, ‘Botox’. Kikola nga kiziyiza okufuluma kwa ACh okuva mu nkomerero z’obusimu. Kino kireetera ebinywa okuwummulamu okusinga okukonziba. Akozesebwa mu kwewunda (okukendeeza ku nnyindo) n’okujjanjaba embeera ng’omutwe omuzito.
Kino tusobola okukimira mu ngeri y’empeke? Tusobola okugifuna mu mmere?
Acetylcholine (ACh) yennyini tasobola kumira ng’empeke. Wabula ekiriisa ekiyamba okugikola, choline, osobola okugimira ng’ekirungo ekigiyamba. Ebirungo ebimu eby’omuddo nga Ginkgo biloba nabyo kirowoozebwa nti bikosa emiwendo gya ACh.
Naye wuuno ekintu ky'osaanidde okujjukira ennyo . Tokozesangako ddagala lyonna nga tosoose kwebuuza ku musawo oba omukugu mu by'eddagala . Ziyinza okukwatagana n’eddagala eddala ly’omira, oba ziyinza okukuleetera obulabe.
Naye tusobola okufuna choline mu butonde okuva mu mmere. Ezimu ku mmere enkulu ezirimu ze zino:
- Ekibumba ky’ente
- Amagi
- Ennyama ey'ente
- Soya, entangawuuzi
- Enkoko
- Ebyennyanja bya Cod
- Quinoa
- Enseenene, broccoli
- Amata
Obubaka Obutwala Awaka
- Acetylcholine (ACh) mubaka wa kemiko omukulu afuga emirimu emikulu nga okujjukira kwaffe, entambula y’ebinywa, n’okukuba kw’omutima.
- Kino bwe kiba kitono kiyinza okuvaako embeera ez’amaanyi ng’obulwadde bwa Alzheimer’s ne myasthenia gravis.
- Okulya emmere ennungi naddala emmere erimu ekirungo kya ‘choline’ kiyinza okukuyamba okufuna ebiriisa omubiri gwo bye gwetaaga.
- Tomirangako ddagala eriweweeza ku kujjukira oba olw’ensonga endala yonna nga tolina magezi ga musawo. Bulijjo yogerako n’omusawo wo.
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