Wali weebuuzizzaako engeri gye kibaawo amangu bwe kityo ng’oyagala okutambuza omukono gwo? Oba engeri gye tusika omukono gwaffe emabega oluvannyuma lw’okukwata ku kintu ekyokya? Bino byonna bibaawo olw’obubaka bw’amasannyalaze obw’amangu mu ngeri etategeerekeka obuva ku bwongo bwaffe okutuuka mu bitundu by’omubiri gwaffe ebirala, n’okuva mu bitundu by’omubiri gwaffe okudda ku bwongo bwaffe. Kale, obutoffaali bwaffe obw’obusimu bulina ‘ekizigo ekikuuma’ eky’enjawulo ennyo ekibeetoolodde ekiyamba obubaka buno okutambula amangu ennyo era nga tebulina buzibu bwonna. Ekyo kye tuyita Myelin Sheath . Leero tugenda kwogera ku myelin sheath eno eyewunyisa.
Mu ngeri ennyangu, ekikuta kino ekya myelin kye ki?
Kuba akafaananyi ng’amasannyalaze agali mu nnyumba yaffe waya emu. Waya eyo erina ekibikka eky’akaveera ekigyetoolodde. Lwaki bwe kityo bwe kiri? Ekimu kwe kuba nti kiwa waya obukuumi. Ekirala kiyamba amasannyalaze okutambula amangu okutuuka we geetaaga okugenda, nga tegakulukuta kugenda mu bifo birala.
Bwe kityo bwe kiri ne ku kikuta kya myelin. Kino kizigo kya njawulo ekikoleddwa mu lipids ne proteins . Ekikuta kino ekya myelin kizingibwa ku kitundu ekisinga obuwanvu eky’obusimu bwaffe obuyitibwa neurons, ‘waya’ enkulu etambuza obubaka. Kino tekikoma ku kukuuma katoffaali k’obusimu, wabula kiyamba n’obubonero bw’amasannyalaze okutambula amangu ennyo era mu ngeri ennungi.
Ka tusooke tutegeere katono ku bitundu by’obutoffaali bw’obusimu.
Okusobola okutegeera kino, ka tugeraageranya obusimu obuyitibwa neuron ku muti omutono. Olwo kino osobola okukijjukira mu ngeri ennyangu ennyo.
1. Omubiri gw’obutoffaali (Soma): Kino kiringa emirandira gy’omuti. Nga ebikoola by’omuti bwe binyiga ebiriisa okuva mu ttaka, dendrites , nga bino bye bitundu ebiringa ebikoola eby’omubiri gw’obutoffaali, ‘binyiga’ obubaka bw’eddagala okuva mu butoffaali obulala obw’obusimu obuli okumpi. Oluvannyuma obubaka buno obw’eddagala bukyusibwa ne bufuuka obubonero bw’amasannyalaze. Nucleus y’obutoffaali nayo esangibwa mu kitundu kino.
2. Axon: Kino kye kitundu ekiwanvu ekiringa ekikolo ky’omuti. Nga ebiriisa ebiva mu bikoola by’omuti bwe bitambula waggulu ku kikolo, n’obubonero bw’amasannyalaze obukolebwa mu mubiri gw’obutoffaali butambula okuyita mu axon eno.
3. Axon Terminal: Kino kiringa ebikoola ebiri ku nkomerero z’amatabi g’omuti. Okufaananako ebikoola n’ebimuli ebiva mu bikoola ebyo, ekitundu ekiyitibwa axon terminal ‘kifulumya’ akabonero ako ak’amasannyalaze eri akatoffaali k’obusimu akaddako.
Eno y’engeri obubaka gye bubuuka okuva mu katoffaali k’obusimu akamu okudda mu kalala. Kiba ng’empaka za relay. Eno y’engeri obubaka gye butambula okuva ku bwongo bwaffe n’omugongo mu mibiri gyaffe gyonna. Ebinywa mu mikono gyo bikonziba, ossa, omutima gukuba, bino byonna bifugibwa enkola eno eyeewuunyisa ey’empuliziganya.
Mirimu ki emikulu egy’ekikuta kya myelin?
Nga bwe twayogeddeko emabegako, ekikuta kya myelin kirina emirimu esatu emikulu.
- Okuwa obukuumi: okufaananako n’amasannyalazeOkufaananako n’akaveera akazingibwa ku waya, okusiiga kuno okw’amasavu ne puloteyina kiwa obukuumi obulungi eri axon y’obutoffaali bw’obusimu.
- Okusitula sipiidi: Kino kye kintu ekisinga obukulu. Ekikuta kya myelin kisobozesa obubonero bw’amasannyalaze okutambula amangu ennyo era mu ngeri ennungi okuva mu katoffaali k’obusimu akamu okudda mu kalala.
- Okukuuma amaanyi ga siginiini: Siginini y’amasannyalaze bw’etambula mu kisengejja, esobola okunafuwa. Wabula ekikuta kya myelin kiyamba okukuuma amaanyi ga siginiini awatali kugakendeeza .
Mu ngeri ennyangu, singa tewaali kikuta kya myelin, empuliziganya y’obubaka mu mibiri gyaffe yandibadde mpola nnyo era nga tekola bulungi. Kyandibadde ng’okugezaako okuva e Colombo okutuuka e Matara ng’oyita mu nguudo z’ebyalo nga tolina luguudo lukulu.
Kiki ekibaawo singa ekikuta kya myelin kyonoonese?
Mu mubiri gwaffe mulimu obutoffaali bw’obusimu obuwumbi nga 100 obukuba amasasi buli kiseera. Ebikolwa byaffe byonna bifugibwa okuwanyisiganya obubaka buno. N’olwekyo teebereza ekyandibaddewo singa ekikuta kya myelin ekyetoolodde obutoffaali buno obw’obusimu kyonoonese. Olwo obubonero obwo obw’amasannyalaze obw’amangu bwanditandise okutambula mpola, oba okuyimirira ddala .
Ensonga enkulu evuddeko okwonooneka kuno kwe kuba nti abaserikale baffe bennyini balowooza mu bukyamu nti ekikuta kya myelin kintu kya bulabe eri omubiri okuva ebweru. Olwo, obutoffaali bwaffe obw’abaserikale b’omubiri butandika okulumba ekikuta kya myelin. Obulumbaganyi buno busaanyawo ekirungo kya myelin. Enkola eno tugiyita demyelination . Ekiseera bwe kigenda kiyitawo, n’obutoffaali obukola myelin busaanawo. Mu ngeri eno, tufuna obubonero obw’enjawulo okusinziira ku kifo ekikuta kya myelin we kyonoonese.
Endwadde ki ezonoona ekikuta kya myelin?
Waliwo endwadde nnyingi ezonoona ekikuta kya myelin. Oyinza okuba nga wali owuliddeko ku bimu ku byo. Endwadde zino ka tuzigabanye mu biti bibiri: ezo ezikwata obusimu bwaffe obw’omu makkati (CNS), nga buno bwe bwongo n’omugongo, n’ezo ezikwata obusimu obuyitibwa peripheral nervous system (PNS), nga buno bwe busimu obulala obw’omubiri.
| Endwadde ezonoona myelin mu busimu obw’omu makkati (CNS) . | |
|---|---|
| Erinnya ly’Obulwadde | Ennyinyonnyola ennyangu |
| Obulwadde bw’okusannyalala (MS) . | Kino kye kisinga okumanyika era ekimanyiddwa ennyo mu ndwadde ezonoona myelin. Kilumba ekirungo kya myelin mu bwongo n’omugongo. |
| Obulwadde bw’obwongo obusaasaana ennyo | Kino kizibu kya mangu, eky’amaanyi eky’abaserikale b’omubiri ekibaawo mu busimu obw’omu makkati. Eno mbeera ya bbula nnyo. |
| Obulwadde bwa myelitis obuyita mu bitundu by’omubiri (transverse myelitis). | Buno bulwadde bwa autoimmune obuleeta okuzimba mu mugongo. |
| Obulwadde bw’amaaso obuyitibwa neuromyelitis optica | Wano, obusimu obuziyiza endwadde bulumba obusimu bw’amaaso n’omugongo. |
| Endwadde ezonoona myelin mu busimu obuyitibwa peripheral nervous system (PNS) . | |
|---|---|
| Erinnya ly’Obulwadde | Ennyinyonnyola ennyangu |
| Obulwadde bwa Guillain-Barre | Embeera etera okubaawo oluvannyuma lw’okukwatibwa yinfekisoni. Tekitera nnyo, era kiyinza okubaawo oluvannyuma lw’okugema. |
| Obulwadde bwa polyradiculoneuropathy obutawona obuzimba omubiri (CIDP) . | Buno bulwadde bwa autoimmune obukula mpola nga bulumbye myelin. |
| Charcot Marie Obulwadde bw’amannyo | Buno bulwadde bwa nsikirano, ekitegeeza obulwadde bw’obusimu obuva mu buzaale. |
| Obutabeera na kikomo | Obutabeera na minerali za kikomo mu mubiri kiyinza okwonoona n’okunafuya omulimu gw’obukuumi ogwa myelin. |
Myelin asobola okwonooneka olw’ensonga endala?
Yee. Ng’oggyeeko endwadde ezoogeddwako waggulu, ekikuta kya myelin kiyinza okwonooneka olw’ensonga endala eziwerako.
- Stroke: Kiva ku musaayi obutatambula bulungi mu bwongo.
- Yinfekisoni n’obuzibu mu nkyukakyuka y’emmere: Olw’obulwadde obumu n’obuzibu mu nkola z’eddagala mu mubiri.
- Obutwa: Okumira obutwa obumu.
- Obutabeera na vitamiini B12: Vitamiini eno yeetaagibwa nnyo mu kukola ekirungo kya myelin.
- Ebika by’eddagala ebimu: Okugeza eddagala nga ethambutol.
- Okunywa omwenge ekisusse: Okunywa omwenge okumala ebbanga eddene nakyo kya bulabe eri myelin.
Okugatta ku ekyo, mu mbeera ezitali nnyingi nnyo, ez’obuzaale nga obulwadde bwa Tay-Sachs, ekikuta kya myelin kiyinza obutakola bulungi.
Okwonoonebwa kwa myelin kuyinza okukyusibwa?
Kino kye kibuuzo ekisinga obukulu eri buli muntu. Amawulire amalungi gali nti, yee, kisoboka okuddaabiriza myelin eyonoonese . Okuddaabiriza kuno kuyinza okubaawo mu busimu bwaffe obw’omu makkati n’obw’okumpi.
Ekisinga obukulu mu kino kwe kufuga ensonga ezisibukamu ezireeta okusaanawo kwa myelin. Okugeza, kikulu nnyo okuwa eddagala nga steroids okufuga okuzimba okuva ku mirimu gy’abaserikale b’omubiri, n’okukozesa obujjanjabi obulala obufuga abaserikale b’omubiri (immune suppression/modulation treatment).
Mu kiseera kino bannassaayansi bakola okunoonyereza kungi ku ngeri y’okuddaabirizaamu myelin eyonoonese. Wadde nga n’okutuusa kati tewali ddagala likkirizibwa kuddaabiriza myelin, ebyavudde mu kunoonyereza biraga nti lisuubiza nnyo ebiseera eby’omu maaso.
- Okunoonyereza okumu kulaga nti eddagala lya allergy ``clemastine`` lirina obusobozi okuddaabiriza myelin.
- Okunoonyereza era kugenda mu maaso oba myelin esobola okuddamu okukola nga ekozesa obutoffaali obusibuka mu mubiri.
- Okunoonyereza era kugenda mu maaso ku ddagala erikuuma obusimu obutayongera kwonooneka.
Kale, okunoonyereza kuno kulaga nti waliwo obusobozi bungi obw’obujjanjabi obulungi eri abalwadde abalina okwonooneka kwa myelin mu biseera eby’omu maaso.
Obubaka Obutwala Awaka
- Ekikuta kya myelin kibikka okwetooloola obutoffaali bwaffe obw’obusimu ekikola ng’ekibikka eky’obuveera ku waya y’amasannyalaze.
- Eno y’ensonga lwaki obubaka bw’amasannyalaze mu mubiri gwaffe butambula mangu nnyo era mu ngeri ennungi.
- Ekikuta kya myelin kiyinza okwonooneka olw’ensobi mu baserikale baffe ab’omubiri oba olw’ensonga endala. Kino tukiyita demyelination.
- Endwadde ez’amaanyi nga Multiple Sclerosis (MS) ne Guillain-Barre syndrome ziva ku kwonooneka kw’ekikuta kya myelin.
- Bw’oba olina obubonero obuva ku busimu ng’okuziyira, okunafuwa oba okukaluubirirwa okutambula, kikulu okugenda ew’omusawo amangu ddala akuwe amagezi.
- Omubiri gulina obusobozi okuddaabiriza myelin eyonoonese, era bannassaayansi bagenda mu maaso n’okunoonyereza ku bujjanjabi obupya obuyinza okuyamba mu kino.
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