Emibiri gyaffe byuma bya kyewuunyo. Zirina enkola nnyingi ez’okwekuuma ezitukuuma endwadde eziva ebweru ate era zifuga ebizibu ebibaawo munda mu mubiri. Mu ngeri y'emu, waliwo "abakuumi" ab'enjawulo mu buzaale bwaffe abayamba okukomya okukula kw'obutoffaali bwa kookolo. Leero tugenda kubyogerako.
Ensengekera z’obuzaale zino eziziyiza ebizimba ze ziruwa?
Mu ngeri ennyangu, buno buzaale obuziyiza obutoffaali okukula nga tebufugibwa, ekiyinza okuvaako kookolo. Obuzaale buno bukola obutoffaali obw’enjawulo. Puloteeni zino ze ziyimiriza enkola y’okukola ebizimba. Mu ngeri endala, obuzaale buno bukola nga "enkola ya buleeki" efugira sipiidi obutoffaali mu mubiri gwaffe kwe bwawukana.
Teebereza ng’ovuga mmotoka. Okwetaaga buleeki okufuga sipiidi y’emmotoka, nedda? Bwe kityo bwe kiri. Obutoffaali mu mubiri gwaffe bwetaaga okweyawulamu nga bwe bwetaaga, olwo ne bulekera awo okweyawulamu nga bwe bwetaaga. Omulimu gw'okusiiga "buleeki" zino gukolebwa puloteyina ezikolebwa obuzaale obuziyiza ebizimba.
Naye, kiki ekibaawo singa olw’ensonga ezimu obuzaale buno bukyuka, kwe kugamba, enkyukakyuka ? Kiringa buleeki ku mmotoka okumenya. Buleeki bwe zilekera awo okukola, okukola obutoffaali obugamba obutoffaali okulekera awo okwawukana kuyimirira. Olwo obutoffaali ne butandika okwawukana nga tebufugibwa. Ekibinja ky'obutoffaali ekikuŋŋaanyizibwa mu ngeri eno kye tuyita "ekizimba."
Eno y’ensonga lwaki kikulu nnyo abasawo okumanya obuzaale buno obuziyiza ebizimba. Okukebera enkyukakyuka mu buzaale buno kiyinza okuyamba okuzuula ekivaako kookolo w’omuntu ate n’okukebera obulabe bwa kookolo.
Nkyukakyuka ki enkulu ezirabibwa mu buzaale buno?
Kati abanoonyereza bazudde obuzaale obuziyiza ebizimba obuwerako obuyamba okuziyiza kookolo. Enkyukakyuka mu buzaale buno zisobola okuyamba okukulaakulanya kookolo. Ka tulabe ebyokulabirako ebitonotono. Amawulire gano mbitadde mu kipande wansi okusobola okwanguyirwa okutegeera.
| Erinnya ly’obuzaale | Kookolo akwatagana nabyo n’amakulu |
|---|---|
| TP53 | Kino kikulu nnyo ne kiba nti bannassaayansi bakiyita "omukuumi w'ensengekera y'obutonde." Ebitundu ebisoba mu 50% ku kookolo mu nsi yonna alina akakwate n’enkyukakyuka mu ggiini ya TP53. |
| RB1 | Eno y’ensengekera y’obutonde (tumor suppressor gene) esoose okuzuulibwa abanoonyereza. Enkyukakyuka mu buzaale buno zireeta obulwadde bwa retinoblastoma , kookolo w’eriiso. Era kikwatagana ne kookolo w’amabeere, amawuggwe n’omusuwa. |
| CDKN2A | Enjawulo mu buzaale buno esobola okulabibwa mu kookolo w’olususu ow’obuzaale (melanoma) ne kookolo w’olubuto . |
| BRCA1 ne BRCA2 | Oboolyawo amannya gano abiri owuliddeko. Enjawulo mu buzaale buno eyongera nnyo ku bulabe bwa kookolo w’amabeere n’enkwaso ow’obuzaale. Era byongera obulabe bwa kookolo w’olubuto, enseke n’amabeere g’abasajja. |
| APC | Abantu abazaalibwa n’obulwadde bwa Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) , obulwadde obusikira, balina kkopi ekyusiddwa ey’obuzaale bwa APC. Embeera eno etera okuvaako kookolo w’olubuto olunene. |
| PTEN | Okufaananako n’obuzaale bwa BRCA, enkyukakyuka mu buzaale bwa PTEN zikwatagana n’embeera eyitibwa PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) , eyongera ku bulabe bwa kookolo ow’ebika ebiwerako, omuli kookolo w’amabeere, thyroid, ne nnabaana. |
Ddala omulimu gw’obuzaale buno gwe guliwa?
Omulimu omukulu ogw’obuzaale buno kwe kuyimiriza obutoffaali okukuŋŋaana awamu ne bukola ebizimba. Okusobola okutegeera engeri ekyo gye kibaawo, tulina okutegeera katono ku nkolagana eriwo wakati wa DNA, obuzaale, n’obutoffaali.
Teebereza nti buli katoffaali akali mu mubiri gwaffe kalinga akakolero akatono. Ekkolero lino lirina ebiragiro byonna bye lyetaaga mu tterekero eddene. Etterekero lino lye DNA .Ekyo kili. Ebitabo ebiri mu tterekero eryo biyitibwa obuzaale . Buli kitabo (gene) kirimu "enkola" y'okukola puloteyina emu omubiri gwe gwetaaga. Kale, ebitabo ebiyitibwa tumor suppressor genes birimu enkola y’okukola obutoffaali obuziyiza obutoffaali okukula.
Obuzaale buno bukola emirimu emikulu egiwerako:
- Kiziyiza obutoffaali okwawukana amangu era nga tebufugibwa, ekivaako okutondebwawo kw’ebizimba.
- Kireetera obutoffaali obukadde obwonooneddwa okufa mu kiseera ekigere. Eno nkola ya bulijjo mu mubiri.
- Okwonooneka kwa DNA kuddabirizibwa, ekiremesa obuzaale obukyamu okukoppololwa mu butoffaali obupya.
- Ayamba okutangira kookolo okusaasaana mu bitundu by’omubiri ebirala.
Kale, singa wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu ggiini eno emu, puloteyina gy’ekola esobola okukolebwa mu bukyamu. Oba puloteyina esobola okulekera awo okukolebwa ddala. Olwo obutoffaali tebufuna bubaka "lekera awo okugabanya kati." Ekivaamu obutoffaali bweyongera okwawukana ne bukola ebizimba bya kookolo.
Lwaki obuzaale buno obuziyiza kookolo bukyuka?
Waliwo ensonga bbiri enkulu lwaki obuzaale bw’omuntu obuziyiza ebizimba buyinza okukyuka.
1. Obusika okuva ku mulembe okudda ku mulala
Abantu abamu basikira obuzaale buno obukyusiddwa okuva mu bazadde baabwe. Okugeza, obulwadde bwa Li-Fraumeni mbeera ereetebwa okusikira kkopi ekyusiddwa ey’obuzaale bwa TP53. Mu budde obwabulijjo, tulina kkopi bbiri eza buli ggiini (emu ya maama waffe, endala ya kitaffe). Mu ngeri eno, okusikira kkopi emu yokka eyakyusibwamu kyongera ku bulabe bwa kookolo.
Mu budde obwabulijjo, kookolo okusobola okukula, kkopi zombi ez’obuzaale zirina obutakola. Kino era kimanyiddwa nga "endowooza y'okukuba emirundi ebiri." Kino kitegeeza nti singa kkopi emu esikira ng’erina ekikyamu ate endala ennungi n’ekyuka olw’ensonga ezimu mu bulamu, kookolo asobola okulwala.
2. Okubeerawo mu bulamu
Abantu bangi bafuna kookolo olw’enkyukakyuka mu buzaale buno ezibeerawo n’emyaka. Bino bisobola okuva ku:
- Enkyukakyuka ez’obutonde ezibeerawo mu mubiri ng’omuntu akaddiye: Ng’ebitundu by’ekyuma ekikadde bwe bikaddiwa.
- Ensonga ezikwata ku butonde: okubeera mu mukka gwa taaba, eddagala ery’enjawulo oba emisinde.
- Ensobi ezikolebwa mu ngeri ey’ekifuulannenge mu kiseera ky’okugabanya obutoffaali: Omubiri gwaffe gulinga ekkolero erikola nga tegukoma. Obutoffaali obupya bukolebwa buli kiseera. Oluusi ensobi ziyinza okubaawo mu nkola eno. Ensobi zino zisobola okukuŋŋaanyizibwa okumala ekiseera.
Waliwo okukebera okuzuula enkyukakyuka mu buzaale buno?
Yee, waliwo okukebera omusaayi n’amalusu ebisobola okuzuula obutali bwa bulijjo mu buzaale buno obuziyiza ebizimba. Naye waliwo ekikulu ennyo okutegeera wano.
Ebigezo bino tebizuula butereevu kookolo. Wabula, bazuula kyokka oba olina enkyukakyuka mu buzaale eyongera ku bulabe bw’okufuna kookolo.
Omusawo wo yekka y’asobola okukuwabula obulungi oba weetaaga okukeberebwa okw’ekika kino, okusinziira ku bulamu bwo n’ebyafaayo by’amaka go. N’olwekyo, kirungi n’oyogera n’omusawo wo ku nsonga eno.
Njawulo ki eriwo wakati wa Tumor Suppressor Genes ne Oncogenes?
Wadde ng’obuzaale buno bwombi bwenyigidde mu kuleeta kookolo, bukola mu ngeri za njawulo. Ka tuddeyo ku kyokulabirako ky'emmotoka yaffe.
- Tumor Suppressor Genes ziringa pedal ya buleeki ku mmotoka. Ziyimiriza okukula kw’obutoffaali. Singa ekimu ku buzaale buno kikyuka, kwe kugamba, singa buleeki ekutuka, okukula kw’obutoffaali tekuyinza kuyimirizibwa.
- Oncogenes ziringa pedal ya accelerator mu mmotoka. Zigamba obutoffaali "okwanguyiza" okukula kwabwo. Singa ekimu ku buzaale buno kikyuka, kwe kugamba, singa accelerator esibira, obutoffaali butandika okweyawulamu amangu era nga tebufugibwa.
Engeri emu oba zombi ku zino ebbiri ez’okuleeta kookolo ziyinza okukukosa. Kwe kugamba, oyinza okulowooza ku kyandibaddewo singa buleeki zikutuka ne sipiidi n’ezibikira.
Obubaka Obutwala Awaka
- Mu mubiri gwaffe, waliwo obuzaale obw'enjawulo (Tumor Suppressor Genes) obukola nga "enkola ya buleeki" eyimiriza okukula kw'obutoffaali bwa kookolo.
- Enkyukakyuka (enkyukakyuka) mu buzaale buno zisobola okusikira oba okubaawo mu bulamu.
- Mu budde obwabulijjo, kookolo okusobola okukula, wateekwa okubaawo ekikyamu mu kkopi zombi ez’obuzaale buno.
- Okuzuula nti olina enkyukakyuka ey’ekika kino ng’oyita mu kukeberebwa obuzaale tekitegeeza nti olina kookolo, naye kitegeeza nti obulabe bwo obwa kookolo busobola okwekebejjebwa.
- Bulijjo yogerako n’omusawo wo ku byafaayo bya kookolo w’amaka go n’akabi k’olina.
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