Osilá komituna ndenge nini nzoto na biso epesanaka mwa bansango mpo na kobundisa maladi mpe kosalisana? Ezali na biteni ya nzoto na biso oyo esalaka lokola bamemi-nsango ya mikemike ya kobombana.
Ba cytokines ezali etuluku ya biloko ya chimique oyo esalaka mosala ya sipesiale ndenge wana. Lelo, tokoloba na ntina ya bamemi-nsango oyo ya mike kasi ya ntina mingi.
Ba cytokines ezali mpenza nini?
Na mokuse, ba cytokines ezali lolenge moko ya proteini. Bazali lokola bamemi-nsango ya biloko ya chimique oyo epesaka bansango na
ebongiseli na biso oyo ebundisaka maladi . Kanisá ete ebongiseli na biso oyo ebundisaka maladi ezali limpinga oyo ebatelaka ekólo moko. Armée oyo eza na
ba branches différentes , ba soldats. Nani sima atindaka ba soldats wana (i.e. ba cellules immunitaires) ba messages lokola, "Awa monguna aye!" "Kende awa mpe bunda!" "Mibatela boye!"? Yango nde
ba cytokines oyo esalaka. Ntango
ba pathogènes lokola mikrobe, ba virus, bactérie, to ba allergènes ekoti na nzoto na biso, ba cytokines wana eyebisaka ba cellules immunitaires na biso "esala mosala, ebunda na ba envaheurs wana." Ezali kaka yango te, kasi ba cytokines yango esalisaka mpo ebongiseli na biso ya kobundisa maladi esalaka malamu mpe esala boyokani moko na mosusu, ata soki likama ezali te mpo na nzoto na biso. Kaka ndenge ba messages ezo échanger po bureau na biso ekende malamu.
Lolenge nini ya ba cytokines ezali?
Ezali na mitindo mingi ya bato ya libota oyo ya bamemi-nsango oyo babengaka ba cytokines. Nyonso wana eyebisaka baselile oyo ebundisaka maladi esika oyo esengeli kokende mpe nini esengeli kosala. Kasi ezali na mitindo mingi, na kotalela misala na yango ya sikisiki. Tótala mwa ndambo ya mitindo minene.
- Ba chemokines: Yango nde "ba guides." Bazali lokola GPS. Bazali baye batambwisaka baselile ya bokasi ya nzoto na esika ya bokono, koyebisa bango ete, "Bóya na nzela oyo."
- Ba interférons: Nkombo mpenza ya yango elimboli "kokɔtela." Kokɔtela makambo elimboli nini? Basalaka na kopekisa ba virus ekɔta na baselile na biso mpe kosala ba virus mingi (‘kozongela’). Ezali lokola kotia elembo mpo na ba virus oyo elobi, "Kokende awa lisusu te!"
- Interleukins : Nkombo yango euti na maloba "inter" (kati na) mpe "leucocyte" (ba globules blancs). Liboso bazalaki kokanisa ete biloko yango ya chimique esololaka kaka kati na ba globules blancs. Kasi, sikawa bamoni ete baselile mosusu mpe ebimisaka yango mpe esololaka mpe kati na baselile ya makila oyo ezali mpɛmbɛ te.
- Facteur de nécrose tumeur (TNF): Oyo eyokani lokola mwa nkombo ya makasi, boye te? Mosala na yango ya monene ezali ya...Ezali kopekisa kovimba , oyo elimboli kovimba mpe motane. Ezali mpe kopesa bilembo na baselile oyo ebundisaka maladi ete ebebisa baselile ya tumor .
- Ba facteurs stimulants colonie (CSF): Yango ezali lokola "bakambi ya usine ya ba cellules" na nzoto na biso. Mpamba te, ezali na lolenge moko ya sipesiale ya selile oyo babengaka baselile ya moboko ya makila (HSC) . Ba cellules wana ekoki kosala ba globules ya makila ya ndenge nionso lokola ba globules blancs, ba globules rouges, na ba plaquettes. "Processus ya production" oyo ( Hématopoïèse ) esalisami na "CSF" oyo, elingi koloba ete eyebisaka ba cellules souches "esala lolenge ya cellule oyo". Ndakisa, " G-CSF " esalisaka mpo na kosala lolenge moko ya globules blancs oyo babengaka "Neutrophil" . Ba neutrophiles oyo ezali na ntina mingi mpo na kobundisa ba infections.
Ba cytokines mosusu mosusu ezwaki nkombo ya lolenge ya selile oyo ebimisaka yango.
- Ba lymphokines: Mpo ebimisamaka na lolenge moko ya globules blancs oyo babengaka ba lymphocytes.
- Monokines: Mpamba te ebimisamaka na lolenge moko ya globules blancs oyo babengaka monocytes.
Lisalisi nini ba cytokines epesaka nzoto na biso?
Ntango tolobelaka ba cytokines, bato mingi bakanisaka
kovimba . Ntango tokanisi kovimba, tokanisaka kovimba mpe motane oyo epesaka nkanda oyo esalemaka na ntango ya maladi to allergie. Kasi kovimba ezali mpenza elembo oyo emonisi ete baselile ya nzoto na biso oyo ebundisaka maladi ezali kobundisa banyama oyo ekɔti na biso to kobikisa misisa oyo ezoki.
Kanisá ntango okati mosapi na yo, esika yango evimbaka mpe ekómaka motane, boye te? Yango ezali inflammation. Yango elingi koloba ete ba cytokines etindami kuna, koloba ete, "Mokakatano ezali awa, yaka kotala, mpe bikisa mpota," mpe baselile oyo etali yango ekotisami mpe ebandi kosala.
Na yango, ba cytokines ezali lokola bamemi-nsango ya chimique oyo eyebisaka baselile “ndenge nini esengeli komitambwisa.” Bazali mingimingi kopesa bilembo na makambo lokola:
- Activation cellulaire: Eyebisaka ba cellules esika esengeli kokende mpe nini esengeli kosala. Na ndakisa, etindaka baselile oyo ebundisaka maladi na esika oyo maladi yango ekɔti mpo na kobundisa mikrobe oyo ezali kuna. Ezali mpe kopesa bilembo mpo na kobakisa to kokitisa misala oyo etali kovimba.
- Bokeseni ya baselile:Oyo ezali lokola eteyelo ya formation. Bazuaka ba cellules oyo ekoli te pe ba former yango po bazala "oyo ezali lolenge ya cellule oyo olingi ozala tango okokola." Na ndakisa, bazwaka selile ya elenge mpe bakómisaka yango globule blanc oyo ekoki kobundisa maladi.
- Bokóli ya baselile: Yango elingi koloba "kosala ete bato mingi bálinga yo." Ezali lokola kosala photocopie. Na ndakisa, ntango ozali na mposa ya ba globules blancs mingi mpo na kobundisa infection, opesaka signal na ba globules blancs na yo oyo ezali mpo “esala ete bato mingi bálinga yo.”
Ezali kaka yango te, kasi ntango mosusu ba cytokines epesaka mpe bilembo na baselile ya nzoto na biso ete “esala ba cytokines mingi.” Na nsima, eyano ya kozoka ekómaka mingi koleka.
Bokeseni nini ezali kati na ba cytokines pro-inflammatoires mpe anti-inflammatoires?
Ntango ebongiseli na biso oyo ebundisaka maladi ezali kosala malamu, ba cytokines ebimisaka kovimba ntango esengeli mpo na kobundisa banyama oyo ekɔtaka na nzoto mpe kobikisa misisa. Na sima, balobaka, "Ezali malamu, ekoki, yango wana," pe bakitisaka pe batelemisi kovimba. Ezali lokola
accélérateur (pédale ya gaz) na frein na motuka.
- Ba cytokines pro-inflammatoires: Yango ezali "ba pédales ya gaz." Oyo ezali ba gars oyo ba signaler inflammation ebanda pe emata. Ntango monguna akoti na nzoto na biso, balobaka ete: “Bato nyonso, bomibongisa mpo na etumba!”
- Ba cytokines anti-inflammatoires : Yango nde "frein". Yango nde epesaka elembo ya kotika mpe kokitisa kovimba . Pamba te, soki inflammation emati mingi, ekoki pe kobebisa ba tissus ya malamu na nzoto na biso. Wana nde epekisaka yango.
Mpo na koloba solo, kopekisa kovimba ezali na ntina mingi lokola kobanda yango. Kovimba mingi ekoki komema bilembo ya kozanga komiyoka malamu, bamaladi oyo eumelaka, mpe ntango mosusu, soki basalisi yango te, ekoki kotya bomoi na ye na likama.
Ndenge nini ba cytokines yango esalaka?
Yango esalemaka na ndenge ya pɛtɛɛ mpenza. Kanisa cytokine lokola
fungola , mpe ezali na
`récepteur` na selile oyo ekokani na fungola wana. Tango cytokine (fungola) ekeyi pe ekoti na `récepteur` wana na cellule wana, cellule wana ezuaka message "Esala nini?". Na nsima, selile yango esalaka na kolanda nsango yango. Tótala ndakisa moko. Soki moko ya baselile na biso oyo ebundisaka maladi eyebi eloko moko ya mabe, lokola mikrobe, na kati ya nzoto, selile yango ebimisaka cytokine. Cytokine oyo etambolaka na makila to na kati ya ba tissus mpe ezuaka cellule oyo ezali na `récepteur` oyo ekokani na yango. Tango cytokine ekangami na `récepteur` wana, cellule oyo ezui message wana ezuaka instruction. Mbala mosusu selile yango ekokende epai mikrobe yango ezali mpe ekobanda kobundisa yango. To, eko renforcer ba défenses na yango mpo virus ekota te. Ba cytokines ekoki kotinda bansango na selile oyo ebimisaki yango, na baselile oyo ezali pene, to ata na baselile oyo ezali mosika.
- Kotinda ba messages na cellule na yango moko (`signalisation autocrine`):Cytokine yango ekangamaka na récepteur moko oyo ezali na selile oyo ebimisaki yango.
- Signalisation paracrine : ekangamaka na ba récepteurs na ba cellules oyo ezali pene.
- Signalisation endocrine: Ba cytokines ekangamaka na ba récepteurs oyo ezali na ba cellules oyo ezali mosika na cellule oyo ebimisaki yango.
Ezali na ba cellules na nzoto na biso mobimba oyo ezali na ba `récepteurs cytokines. Kutu, binama mingi na nzoto na biso ezali na baselile oyo ezali na ba `récepteurs` wana. Yango wana kovimba ekoki kosalema bisika nyonso.
Ba cytokines ewutaka wapi? Nani asalaka bango?
Ba cytokines oyo emonanaka mingi na nzoto na biso esalemaka
na ba cellules immunitaires , oyo ezali ba globules blancs (leucocytes). Mwa ndambo na yango ezali:
- Ba macrophages oyo ezali
- Baselile ya dendritique
- Ba lymphocytes (ba lymphocytes T mpe B) .
- Ba monocytes oyo babengi monocytes
- Ba neutrophiles oyo babengi neutrophiles
- Basophiles oyo babengi basophiles
- Ba éosinophiles oyo ezali
- Ba mast cellules
Kasi kaka baselile oyo ebundisaka maladi te, mpe mitindo mosusu mingi ya baselile na nzoto na biso ekoki kobimisa ba cytokines. Talá mwa bandakisa:
- Baselile ya endothélium: Baselile oyo ezali na molɔngɔ na kati ya misisa na biso ya makila.
- Ba cellules épithéliales: Ba cellules oyo ezali na molɔngɔ ya binama na biso.
- Fibroblastes: Baselile oyo ezwamaka na kati ya misisa oyo ekangisaka nzoto.
- Ba cellules stromales: Lolenge mosusu ya baselile oyo ezwamaka na kati ya misisa oyo ekangisaka nzoto.
- Baselile ya Schwann: Baselile oyo ezingami na baselile ya misisa (neurons).
Lolenge moko ya cytokine ekoki kobimisama na mitindo ndenge na ndenge ya baselile.
Maladi nini ekoki kozala na boyokani na ba cytokines?
Ba cytokines ezali na ntina mingi mpo na ebongiseli na biso ya kobundisa maladi, mpe bamoni ete ezali na boyokani na bamaladi mingi oyo tokoki kozwa. Na momeseno, ba cytokines esalisaka mpo tózala na mikrobe te. Kasi, ntango mosusu ebongiseli na biso ya kobundisa maladi ekoki kobimisa ba cytokines mingi. Yango ekoki kozala eyano na bokono to lokola eteni ya lisalisi lokola
immunothérapie . Yango babengaka yango
syndrome de liberation de cytokines (CRS) to
mopepe makasi ya ba cytokines . Yango ekoki kobimisa bilembo ndenge na ndenge oyo esimbaka bibongiseli mingi ya nzoto na biso. Soki basalisi yango te, maladi yango ekoki kotya bomoi na ye na likama. Ntango ba cytokines ezali mingi, eyano ya kozoka ekómaka mingi. Kovimba oyo eleki ndelo ekoki kobebisa ba tissus, mpe komema bamaladi lokola:
- Maladi oyo ebundisaka maladi yango moko: Yango ezali ntango baselile na biso moko oyo ebundisaka maladi ebundisaka na libunga baselile na biso moko oyo ezali malamu.
- Ba troubles métaboliques:Mikakatano oyo etali métabolisme, lolenge oyo nzoto na biso ebongoli bilei na nguya mpe elongolaka bosɔtɔ.
- Kansere
- Sepsis: Yango ezali ntango oyo nzoto na yango ekómaka makasi mpenza na boye ete makila oyo ezali koleka na binama minene ekiti. Sepsis ezali likambo ya mbalakaka ya monganga oyo ekoki koboma.
Kasi komitungisa te. Soki nzoto na yo ekómi na ba cytokines mpe ebongiseli na yo ya kobundisa maladi ezali kosala mingi, monganga na yo akoki kopesa yo bankisi mpo na kokitisa kovimba yango.
Panneau ya ba cytokines ezali nini?
Minganga bakoki koyeba soki nzoto na yo ezali kobimisa ba cytokines mingi to moke. Basalaka yango na eloko oyo babengaka
panneau cytokines . Oyo ezali ekzamɛ ya makila ya pɛtɛɛ. Bazuaka échantillon ya makila na yo mpe batalaka niveau ya ba cytokines oyo ezo sangana na inflammation. Soki ba cytokines ezali mingi, elakisi ete kovimba ebakisami. Na nsima, bakoki kobanda kozwa bankisi oyo esengeli.
Makambo ya ntina mingi oyo tosengeli komikundola uta na lisolo oyo ezali
Na yango, mbala mosusu ososoli sikawa boniboni ba cytokines ezali na ntina mpo na système immunitaire ya nzoto kolɔngɔnɔ na nzoto na biso. Lokola eloko nyonso,
kozala na bokatikati ezali fungola.
Soki signalisation ya cytokines ezali na quantité oyo esengeli mpe na ndenge ya malamu, ekoki kobatela biso na infection. Kasi, soki ba cytokines ekómi mingi, kovimba oyo eleki ndelo oyo euti na yango ekoki kozala mabe soki basalisi yango te.
Yango wana, ezali na ntina mingi tóyeba bosololi wana ya kokamwa oyo esalemaka na kati ya nzoto na biso. Soki ozali na mituna to ntembe na likambo yango, kokakatana ata moke te kosolola na monganga.
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