I vun thuruk thuk ber: Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Tissue) chungchang chipchiar takin sawi ila!

Chibai! I dam em? Vawiin hian kan vun chungchanga thil pawimawh tak tak kan sawi dawn a ni. I vun hi i hmuh pawn lam layer chauh a ni lo va, a chhungah hian layer dang a awm tih i hria em? Vawiin hian chu layer hnuaia awm layer, chu chu taksa chhunga awm layer chungchang kan sawi dawn a ni. Doctor te chuan hei hi hypodermis an ti a . Ṭhenkhat chuan subcutaneous tissue an ti bawk . Chuvangin, he hypodermis hian kan taksa tan eng ang service nge a pek tih hi han en ila?

Hypodermis hi eng nge ni tak tak? Kan vun layer te hi engte nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin i vun hi in chhawng thum angin ngaihtuah rawh.

• Epidermis: Hei hi a chung lam layer a ni. Hei hi kan hmuh leh kan khawih chu a ni. Hei hi boruak nena inzawm thil laka min humhim hmasa ber layer a ni.
• Dermis: Hei hi middle layer a ni a, epidermis hnuaiah a awm. Thil tam tak a awm a, chu chu thisen kalna kawng, nerve endings, leh sweat glands te hi a ni.
• Hypodermis: Awle, vawiin a kan sawi tur hi heng layer pahnih hnuaiah hian a awm a, taksa chhungah chiah a awm. Hei hi vun layer thuk ber leh chhungril ber a ni.

Tunah chuan hypodermis awmna hi i hrethiam tawh em? Okay, chuvangin he bottom layer hian kan taksa tan eng service nge a pek tih hi han en ila.

Kan taksaah hian hypodermis hian eng hna nge a thawh?

He hypodermis hian kan taksa tana service a pek tam tak a awm a. A bulpui berte han thlir ila.

• Connection: Ngaihtuah teh, i vun hi i taksa chunga dah mai a ni lo. I taksa chhunga thau leh ruh te nen a inzawm a ngai a ni. Chu inzawmna chu hypodermis hmanga siam a ni a, chu chuan i vun (dermis) layer lai tak chu ruh leh ruhte nen a vawng tlat a ni.

• Insulation: Khaw lum laka kan inven nan blanket-a kan inkhuh ang bawkin, hypodermis hian kan taksa tan natural insulator angin hna a thawk a ni. Chu chu taksa lumna hloh a tiziaawm a, khaw lum lakah min venghim tihna a ni. Hei vang hian kan taksa lumna chu a awm reng theih nan a pui a ni.

• I taksa venhimna: Hei hi thil pawimawh tak a ni. Khawi emaw laiah i tlu emaw, thil i vuak emaw a nih chuan, chu shock lo awm chu ‘shock absorber’ angin a thawk a, a chhunga taksa peng, taksa ruh leh ruhteah direct-a kal lovin a hip lut ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Tin, kan vun hnuaia tissue te chu an inhnawh tawn loh nan leh hliam an tuar loh nan a veng bawk. He hypodermis hian vun hnuaia thil awmte chu mumal tak leh mumal taka kal theihna tura puitu a ni.

• Energy khawlkhawm: Kan taksa hian a hnathawh theih nan chakna a mamawh a. Hypodermis hi chu chakna dahkhawmna hmun a ni. Cell chi khat bik adipocytes an tih chu a awm a.Chungte chu thau cell an ti a. Heng thau cell te hian extra energy chu thau angin an khawlkhawm a, kan mamawh hunah min pe chhuak thin.

He deck te tak te hian hna a thawh theih zia hi en teh!

Hypodermis layer-ah hian eng nge awm?

Okay, tunah chuan he layer chhunga hypodermis an tih chhungah hian eng nge awm tih hi han en ila. Thil chi hrang hrang tam tak atanga siam a ni.

• Adipose tissue: Kan sawi tawh ang khan hypodermis hi a tam zawk chu adipose tissue atanga siam a ni. Hei hi a bik takin thau cell adipocytes an tih atanga siam a ni . Hei hi taksa tana lumna petu leh chakna khawlkhawmtu ber a ni.

• Thisen kalna kawng: Hengte hi thisen kalna kawngte an ni. Chungte chu hypodermis kal tlanga arteries, capillaries leh veins te an ni. Hengte hi taksa pum puia thisen phurtu, taksa peng pawimawh tak takte hnena oxygen leh ei tur tha pe chhuaktu leh cell atanga bawlhhlawh paih chhuaktu te an ni.

• Bursa: Hei hi hming mak deuh a ni lawm ni? Bursa chu bawm te tak te, hnim hring, tui ang maia khat a ni. Chûngte chu ruh, ruhro leh ruh inzawmkhawmna hmunah hmuh a ni fo ṭhîn. Cushion ang maiin an che a, an part te chu an inhnim hrual lo va, hliam leh chhe lo an awm lo. Bursa pakhat aia tam a awm chuan bursae an ti thin.

• Connective tissue: Hei pawh hi a pawimawh hle. He connective tissue hi protein chi hnih collagen leh elastin tih atanga siam a ni ber . Hengte hi taksa chhunga thil awm hrang hrangte inzawmkhawmtu, thlawptu petu leh hypodermis-a thil awm dangte chu inzawmkhawmtu a ni. In bang ang maiin.

• Fibroblasts: Hengte hi connective tissue-a cell chi hrang hrang awm ber an ni. Heng fibroblast cell te hian protein pakhat collagen an siam chhuak thin. Collagen hi vun chakna leh elasticity atan a pawimawh hle.

• Lymphatic vessels: Hengte hi kan taksa atanga bawlhhlawh paih chhuaktu pipe system ang mai an ni. Hei hi vessel lian deuh deuh network a ni a, capillaries (microvessels) nen a inang. Anni chuan lymph , bawlhhlawh leh toxin awmna tui, tissue-a awm khawm chu an khawl khawm a, an filter a, an tifai a, thisen system-ah an thawn kir leh a ni.

• Macrophages: Hengte hi taksa security guard ang mai an ni. Thisen var chi khat an ni. An hna chu taksaa lut microorganisms, bacteria leh virus ang chi te man leh tihchhiat hi a ni.

• Nerves te: 1.1.Nerve hi kan taksa inbiakpawhna (information communication system) a ni. Heng nerve te hian thluak a\angin taksa peng dangah leh taksa peng hrang hrang a\angin thluak lamah electrical signal hmangin information an phur a ni. He nervous system hian kan chhehvel atanga hriatna (kan thil hriat, kan thil hmuh) te hrethiam tur leh chhan let turin min thunun a ni. Heng nerve fiber te hi hypodermis zawng zawngah pawh a darh vek bawk.

Hypodermis hian eng mawhphurhna nge a neih? Khawi hmunah pawh a inang em?

Kan sawi tawh ang khan vun layer dang pahnih (epidermis leh dermis) te nen tangkawpin he hypodermis hian kan ruh system, kan chhungril lam, kan taksa peng hrang hrangte leh kan taksa peng dangte chu chhiatna chi hrang hrang laka humhim hi a ni.

Mahse, he hypodermis thickness hi i taksa hmun tinah a inang lo. Hmun hrang hrangah a inang lo. Tin, thau inzawmkhawm dan pawh hormone leh genetics- in nghawng a neih dan azirin a inang lo bawk .

Entirnan, mi pakhatin testosterone (mipa hormone lian tak) a neih tam lutuk chuan a pum, a kut, a hnungzang hnuai lam, leh a kekawrte ang chiah hian a hypodermis chu a thim thei a ni.

Tin, hormone estrogen (hmeichhe hormone lian tak) tamna hmun, hypodermis-a thau layer chu a thim (thick) bawk.

Hypodermis hi engzat nge a rawng leh a lian zawng?

• A rawng: Hypodermis hi a rawng sen a ni tlangpui. Hei hi a chhunga thau cell awm vang a ni. Tin, he sen rawng hi carotene an tih pigment awm zat a zirin light yellow atanga dark yellow thlengin a danglam thei bawk. Carotene hi ei tur chi hrang hrang, carrot leh sweet potato-ah te kan ei thin a ni.

• Size/Thickness: Kan sawi tawh ang khan he thickness hi taksaah hmun hrang hrangah a inang lo. Hmun te tak te pawh a awm. Entirnan, i mitmeng leh i pawn lam serh chhehvela hypodermis chu millimeter khat aia thuk lo a ni thei. Mahse, i pum leh i hnute ang hmunah chuan centimetre 3 (inch khat aia tlem) aia thuk a ni thei.

Hypodermis tichhe thei natna leh dinhmun tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?

Organ dang ang bawkin natna chi hrang hrang leh condition hrang hrang a awm a, chu chuan hypodermis a tichhe thei a ni. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Bedsores / Pressure ulcers: Hmun khata rei tak i awm chuan taksa rihna hnawihna hmunah vun leh a hnuai lam tissue-a thisen kal a tlahniam a, chu chuan ulcer a siam thin. Hengte hi a thuk chuan hypodermis pawh a nghawng thei bawk.
• Hypothermia: Hei hi taksa lumna tlahniam hlauhawm tak a ni. Hei hi khaw lum hmuna kan inhriat vang a ni thei. Hypodermis-a thau layer hian taksa a lum theih nan a pui a, chuvangin hetiang dinhmunah hian chu process chu a tichhe thin.
• Panniculitis natna: 1.1.Hei hi hypodermis-a thau layer inflammation a ni. Hei hian vun hnuaiah natna hrik a siam thei a ni.
• Sarcoidosis: Hei hi taksa peng hrang hrangah inflammatory cell te te (granulomas) a lo awm khawm thin natna a ni. A chang chuan hypodermis pawh a nghawng bawk.
• Third-degree burns: Kang hian vun layer pathum, chu chu epidermis, dermis leh hypodermis te a nghawng vek a nih chuan third-degree burns a ni. Hei hi a na hle mai.
• Tumors: Benign leh malignant tumor pahnih hi hypodermis-ah a awm thei.

Thil pawimawh dang chu kan upat deuh deuha thil thleng hi a ni. Kan upa vek tawh. Tichuan kan hypodermis chu a thim tan ta a ni. Chu chu a chhunga thau leh connective tissue awm zat a tlahniam tihna a ni. Chuti a nih chuan eng nge thleng? Dermis leh taksa ruh, tissue leh ruh inzawmkhawmtu connective tissue chu a chak lo deuh deuh chuan vun chu a tlahniam a, a hrual tan thin. A chang chuan vun pawh a vawt thei bawk.

Hypodermis nena inzawm harsatna awmte chu engte nge ni?

Hypodermis tichhe thei dinhmun a awm chuan, chu chu a lan chhuah dan tlangpui engemaw zat a awm thei a:

• Vunah hmun dum, emaw, a hmaa hmun emaw, bumps awm tawhte pianzia, rawng, a lian leh te inthlak danglam.
• Vun hmun khatah thisen kal a tlahniam (a hmun chu a vawt thei a, a rawng pawh a danglam thei).
• Hypodermis pawh hmuh theih khawpa thuk, open sores siam chhuah.
• A hma ang bawkin thawmhnaw a tlahniam.
• Kangmei thenkhat ang bawkin vun chu a var emaw, a charred (black) emaw a ni thei a, chu hmunah chuan natna a awm lo thei bawk (hei hi nerve chhiatna vang pawh a ni thei).

Hetiang symptoms i neih chuan doctor lam pan a tha ber.

Hypodermis hriselna enfiah nan eng test nge tih thin?

I doctor chuan physical exam a ti hmasa ang. I natna lan chhuah dan an zawt ang a, i vun an en ang a, harsatna a awm leh awm loh chungchangah ngaihtuahna bulpui an nei ang. Chu bakah, test an ti thei bawk:

• Thisen test: Hengte hian allergens, infection emaw, damdawi lam thil dang emaw a awm leh awm loh a hriat theih.
• Biopsy: Hei hi rinhlelh awmna hmun atanga vun (sample) te tak te lak a, microscope hmanga enfiah a ni. Hei hian natna, hri kai, cancer cell a awm leh awm loh hriat theih nan a pui thei a ni.

Skin cancer, melanoma , ang chi hi rinhlelh a nih chuan, taksa hmun dangah a darh tawh em tih hriat nan specialized imaging test dang, CT scan emaw MRI scan emaw i neih a ngai mai thei.

Hypodermis nena inzawm natna enkawlna tur engte nge ni?

Hypodermis tichhe thei natna leh dinhmun enkawl dan hrang hrang a awm a. Enkawl dan chu natna a zirin a ni.

• Debridement: Hei hi thumal mak deuh a ni. A awlsam zawngin, hliam atanga tissue thi, chhia te lakchhuahna a ni. Chutianga tih loh chuan damna a tikhawtlai thei a, natna hrik a kai thei bawk. He tissue thi hi ultrasound wave, laser , pressurized fluid, leh a châng chuan surgery tenau hmanga lak chhuah a ni.

• Dermal fillers: Hei hi injection chi khat a ni a, kan tar chhoh zel avanga vun volume hloh tawh, vun a tlahniam leh a hrual a lo lang thin chu a volume siam that nan hman thin a ni. Hypodermis pawh eng emaw chen an nghawng bawk. Entirnan , hemi atan hian hyaluronic acid ( e.g. Juvederm®), polylactic acid (e.g. SculptraTM), emaw polyalkylimide (e.g. AquamidTM) te hman a ni. Hengte hi hun eng emaw chen atan a ni a, rei lo te hnuah tih nawn leh a ngai a ni.

• Skin grafts: Hetiang tih dan hi vun hi kang na tak, hliam lian tak, emaw, ulcer dam lo avanga nasa taka a chhiat a, a mah chauha a dam theih loh hunah hman thin a ni. Hei hian taksa peng dang (a tam zawkah chuan kekawrte) atanga vun te tak te la chhuakin a chhiat hmunah dah a ni.

• Skin substitutes: A chang chuan, mahni vun i hmuh theih loh hunah emaw, hmun zau tak tak atana vun i mamawh hunah emaw vun thlakna tur hman a ni. Hengte hi chi hrang hrang a awm a:
• Allograft: Mi dang (a tam zawkah chuan donor thi tawh) atanga lak cell emaw tissue emaw.
• Xenograft: Rannung (e.g., vawk) atanga lak cell emaw tissue emaw.
• Synthetic skin: Laboratory-a nonbiological molecule leh polymer atanga siam vun.

Hengte hi hliam thuk, kang, leh natna hrik nei te tan hman a ni.

• I taksa lumna: Hei hi hypothermia enkawlna atana hmalakna hmasa ber a ni . Mi pakhat chu hmun lum leh vawt takah i sawn vat tur a ni a, thawmhnaw hnim i phelh a, thawmhnaw vawt leh lum takah i dah tur a ni. A nasat chuan i doctor chuan IV (intravenous) line hmangin tui lum a pe thei che a ni. Mask emaw breathing tube emaw hmangin oxygen lum an pe thei bawk.

Hypodermis hrisel taka awm theih nan eng nge kan tih theih ang?

Kan vun layer pawimawh tak hi a hrisel theih nan nunphung awlsam tlemte kan zawm thei a ni.

• Hliam te uluk taka enkawl: Hliam te tak te i neih chuan ngaihthah suh. Tui thianghlim leh sahbawn hmangin uluk takin silfai ang che. Hei hian hri kai venna kawngah a pui thei a ni. Tichuan, cotton ball hmangin toHliam ah hian petroleum jelly (e.g. VaselineTM) emaw vun venna hriak (e.g. AquaphorTM) emaw tlem te te hnawih la, bandage fai takin khuh rawh. Hei hian bawlhhlawh leh natna hrik a chhuah loh nan a pui ang.

• Ni chhiat loh tur: Ni chhuahna hmuna hun hman tam lutuk hi i vun tan a tha lo. I vun layer te a tichhia thei a, tar chakna a thlen thei a, vun cancer pawh a thlen thei bawk. Chuvangin, i chhuah dawnin SPF (Sun Protection Factor) tal nei sunscreen hmang thin ang che Darkar tlemte danah sunscreen hnawih leh thin kha theihnghilh suh.

• Kangmei laka invenna tur hma la rawh: In chhehvel emaw, chaw ei lai emawa hnathawh hian kangmei chhuah theihna a sang hle.
• I in chhunga tui lumna temperature chu 48-49 Celsius (120 Fahrenheit) hnuaiah dah la.
• Chaw i siam dawnin stove hnung lama burner te chu a theih ang angin hmang la (a bik takin in chhungah naupang te te an awm chuan).
• Stove hal la, ngaihsak lovin hna dang thawk mai suh.
• Chemical, lighter leh match te chu naupang tê tête hmuh theih lohna hmunah dah rawh.

• I taksa lum tir rawh: Hei hi hypothermia an tih dinhmun hlauhawm tak ven nan a pawimawh hle.
• Khua lum lai chuan thawmhnaw lum ha thin ang che.
• In lama khaw lum hi 20 Celsius (68 Fahrenheit) hnuai lam dah tum ang che.
• Khaw lum i hriat chuan hmun khatah awm suh la, tlem tal che vel la, i taksa chu active takin awm tir rawh.
• Khua a lum laiin pawnah hun i hmang tam a nih chuan tlem tal in lum turin in chhungah lo lut fo ang che.

Heng thil awlsam tak takte hi i enkawl chuan i hypodermis chauh ni lovin, i vun pumpui pawh hrisel takin i vawng thei a ni.

A tawp berah chuan hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

Chuvangin, tunah chuan he hypodermis emaw subcutaneous tissue hi kan vun tan a pawimawh leh pawimawh zia i hrethiam ta. Thau layer mai a ni lo. Kan taksa tan hlawkna leh hnathawhna chhiar sen loh a nei a ni.

Hypodermis hian hna pawimawh tak tak a thawk a , chu chu chakna khawlkhawm, vun hnuaia thau leh ruh inzawmkhawm, khaw lum laka min humhim leh taksa lumna vawng reng, leh kan chhungril taksa pengte hlauhawm leh shock hrang hrang laka humhim te hi a ni .

Kan tar chhoh zel chuan he hypodermis hi a hring chhuak a, chu chuan vun a tikehsawm a, a hring chhuak thin a, chu chu thil awmdan pangngai ni mahse, nun hrisel kan zawm a, vun enkawl a tul angin heng dinhmunte hi eng emaw chen chu kan thunun thei a ni. A tul chuan tunlai hian damdawi lam thurawn hnuaia dermal filler ang chi enkawlna hmanga vun hmel hloh tawh chu eng emaw chen siam that leh theihna tur facility a awm bawk.

Chuvangin, he i vun thian thuk ber, mahse hlu ber hi han ngaihtuah teh. A mamawh enkawlna pe rawh. Tichuan vun hrisel, mawi tak chu rei tak i vawng reng thei tawh ang!

` Hypodermis, subcutaneous tissue, vun layer, vun hriselna, adipose tissue, vun venhimna, vun natna